十八世纪英国印刷文化中的情感与书写的剧场性——休谟与近代文人的形成（英文）
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摘要
书籍史家及文化史家认为,十八世纪的英国是近代意义上印刷文化日渐进入社会日常生活的历史时期。这引起了近代书写生产机制与文本文化的兴起。论文从关于"情感"这个在十八世纪非常关键的关于身体的美学观念出发,探讨在休谟的书写体系中,作为主体间性的情感如何契合了近代印刷文化逻辑,以及休谟在近代知识生产的意识下是如何发展自己文人职业生涯的。论文侧重于从物质性的讨论出发,探讨近代书写机制、剧场性个体感官和知觉情感史之间的关系。
The eighteenth century Britain witnessed a proliferation of modern print culture, which gives rise to the modern institution of the production of literary writing. David Hume and his moral philosophy writing are part of this mechanism in the making. This essay examines the transition of his treatise writing to essay writing as part of his maneuver of literary publications. It presents a history of materiality in writing through an investigation of its institutionalization, its dovetailing with the formation of modern theatrical selfhood, and a possible perceptual history of emotions in the genealogy of modern western subjectivity.
The eighteenth century Britain witnessed a proliferation of modern print culture, which gives rise to the modern institution of the production of literary writing. David Hume and his moral philosophy writing are part of this mechanism in the making. This essay examines the transition of his treatise writing to essay writing as part of his maneuver of literary publications. It presents a history of materiality in writing through an investigation of its institutionalization, its dovetailing with the formation of modern theatrical selfhood, and a possible perceptual history of emotions in the genealogy of modern western subjectivity.
引文
Broadie,Alexander.“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator.”In The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith.Edited by Knud Haakonssen.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,2006,158-88.
Christensen,Jerome.Practicing Enlightenment:Hume and the Formation of a Literary Career.Madison,WI:The University of Wisconsin Press,1987.
Deleuze,Gilles,and Felix Guattari.Anti-Oedipus:Capitalism and Schizophrenia.Translated by Robert Hurley,Mark Seem,and Helen R.Lane.New York:Viking,1977.
Egginton,William.How the World Became a Stage:Presence,Theatricality,and the Question of Modernity.Albany:The State University of New York Press,2003.
Frye,Northrop.Anatomy of Criticism:Four Essays.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University ress,1957.
Greenblatt,Stephen.Renaissance Self-Fashioning:From More to Shakespeare.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
Habermas,Jürgen.The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere:An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society.Translated by Thomas Burger.Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,1989.
Hayles,N.Katherine.Writing Machine.Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,2002.
Hume,David.The Letters of David Hume.2 vols.Edited by J.Y.T.Greig.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1932..The Philosophical Works of David Hume.4 vols.Edited by Thomas Hill Green and Thomas Hodge Grose.Edinburgh:Adam Black and William Tait,1826;rpt.Darmstadt,1964..A Treatise of Human Nature.2nd edition.Edited by L.A.Selby-Bigge.Oxford:Clarendon Press;New York:Oxford University Press,1978..Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary.Rev.edition.Edited by Eugene F.Miller.Indianapolis:Liberty Classics,1985.
Johns,Adrian.The Nature of the Book:Print and Knowledge in the Making.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2000.
Kernan,Alvin.Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1987.
Livingston,Ira.Arrow of Chaos:Romanticism and Postmodernity.Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,1997.
Locke,John.An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.Edited by Peter H.Nidditch.New York:Oxford University Press,1975.
Nicholson,Colin.Writing and the Rise of Finance:Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1994.
Paulson,Ronald.The Beautiful,Novel,and Strange:Aesthetics and Heterodoxy.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995.
Pinch,Adela.Strange Fits of Passion:Epistemologies of Emotion,Hume to Austen.Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1996.
Pocock,J.G.A..Virtue,Commerce,and History:Essays on Political Thought and History,Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Poovey,Mary.A History of the Modern Fact.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,1998.
Rorty,Richard.Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.1st edition 1979;30th anniversary edition.Princeton(NJ),Oxford:Princeton University Press,2009.
Rose,Mark.Authors and Owners:The Invention of Copyright.Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1993.
Siskin,Clifford,and William Warner.“This Is Enlightenment:An Invitation in the Form of an Argument.”In This Is Enlightenment.Edited by Clifford Siskin and William Warner.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2010.
Smith,Adam.The Theory of Moral Sentiments.Edited by D.D.Raphael and A.L.Macfi e.Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,1984.
Taylor,Charles.“Inwardness and the Culture of Modernity.”In Philosophical Interventions in the Unfi nished Project of Enlightenment.Edited by Axel Honneth,
Thomas McCarthy,Claus Offe,and Albrecht Wellmer.Translated by William Rehg.Cambridge,Mass.,London:The MITPress,1992,88-112.
1 Adrian Johns,The Nature of the Book(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2000),215-34 passim,353,454-5,620.
2 Alvin Kernan,Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print(Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press),4.
3 Ibid.,101.
4 Quoted in Alvin Kernan,Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print,101.
5 Ibid.,102.
6 Northrop Frye,Anatoly of Criticism:Four Essays(Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1957),90.
7 Quoted in Mark Rose,Authors and Owners:The Invention of Copyright(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1993),7.
8 Ibid.,8.
9 Ibid.,6.
10 N.Katherine Hayles,Writing Machine(Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,2002),31.
11 See Raymond Williams,Writing in Society(London:Verso,1985),1-7.
12 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion:Epistemologies of Emotion,Hume to Austen(Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1996),29.
13 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,2nd edition,ed.L.A.Selby-Bigge(New York:Oxford University Press,1978),369.
14 Adam Smith,The Theory of Moral Sentiments,eds.D.D.Raphael and A.L.Macfi e(Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,1984),9.
15 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”in The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith,ed.Knud Haakonssen(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,2006.158-88),163.
16 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,316.
17 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,319.
18 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,1998),152.
19 Colin Nicholson,Writing and the Rise of Finance:Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1994),55.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,631.
23 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,114.
24 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment:Hume and the Formation of a Literary Career(Madison,WI:The University of Wisconsin Press,1987),136.
25 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,82-3.
26 Ibid.
27 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,138.
28 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,146.
29 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,140.
30 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,142.
31 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,40.
32 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,324.
33 Ibid.,363.
34 See Clifford Siskin and William Warner,“This Is Enlightenment:An Invitation in the Form of an Argument,”in This Is Enlightenment,eds.Clifford Siskin and William Warner(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2010),1-36.
35 David Hume,“Of the Standard of Taste,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,ed.Eugene F.Miller(Indianapolis,Liberty Classics,19985),239.
36 See Jürgen Habermas,The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere(Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,1989),2-3.
37 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,118.
38 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,119.
39 Stephen Greenblatt,Renaissance Self-Fashioning:From More to Shakespeare(Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980),201.
40 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
41 Quoted in Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
42 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
43 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage:Presence,Theatricality,and the Question of Modernity(Albany:The State University of New York Press,2003),55.
44 Ibid.,108.
45 Ibid.,56.
46 Ibid.,121.
47 Quoted in William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,128-9.
48 Quoted in William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,196.
49 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,138.
50 Richard Rorty,Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.1st edition 1979;30th anniversary edition(Princeton[NJ],Oxford:Princeton University Press,2009),50.
51 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,138.
52 Quoted inWilliam Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,137.
53 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,151.
54 David Hume,“Of Essay-Writing,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,rev.edition,ed.Eugene F.Miller(Indianapolis:Liberty Classics,1985),535.
55 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,146.
56 Quoted in Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,17.
57 The Letters of David Hume,2 vols.,ed.J.Y.T.Greig(Oxford:Clarendon,1932),1:222.
58 The Letters of David Hume,1:461.
59 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,96.
60 Ibid.,197,note 12.
61 The Letters of David Hume,1:369.
62 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,204.
63 Ibid.,212.
64 Ibid.,212,note 78.
65 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,99.
66 The Letters of David Hume,1:7.
67 The Letters of David Hume,1:1.
68 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,40.
69 Ronald Paulson,The Beautiful,Novel,and Strange:Aesthetics and Heterodoxy(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995),50-1.
70 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,322.
71 Quoted in Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”160.
72 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,340.
73 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari,Anti-Oedipus:Capitalism and Schizophrenia,trans.Robert Hurley,Mark Seem,and Helen R.Lane(New York:Viking,1977),28.
74 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,12.
75 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,12.
76 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,149.
77 Ibid.,201.
78 Hume,“Of the Standard of Taste,”in Essays,Moral,Political and Literary,239.
79 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,10.
80 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,150.
81 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,252-3.
82 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,xviii-xix.
83 David Hume,The Philosophical Works of David Hume,4 vols.,eds.Thomas Hill Green and Thomas Hodge Grose.(Edinburgh:Adam Black and William Tait,1826;rpt.Darmstadt,1964),4:64,my emphasis.
84 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,262.
85 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,261.
86 Ibid.,635.
87 Ira Livingston,Arrow of Chaos:Romanticism and Postmodernity(Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,1997),21.
88 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,122.
89 J.G.A.Pocock,Virtue,Commerce,and History:Essays on Political Thought and History,Chiefl y in the Eighteenth Century(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1985),119.
90 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,309.
91 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,402.
92 David Hume,Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,xxxi.
93 Ibid.
94 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,365.
95 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,37.
96 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,633.
97 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,221-2.
98 Ibid.
99 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,148.
100 Ibid.,100.
101 David Hume,“Of Commerce,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,261.
Christensen,Jerome.Practicing Enlightenment:Hume and the Formation of a Literary Career.Madison,WI:The University of Wisconsin Press,1987.
Deleuze,Gilles,and Felix Guattari.Anti-Oedipus:Capitalism and Schizophrenia.Translated by Robert Hurley,Mark Seem,and Helen R.Lane.New York:Viking,1977.
Egginton,William.How the World Became a Stage:Presence,Theatricality,and the Question of Modernity.Albany:The State University of New York Press,2003.
Frye,Northrop.Anatomy of Criticism:Four Essays.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University ress,1957.
Greenblatt,Stephen.Renaissance Self-Fashioning:From More to Shakespeare.Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980.
Habermas,Jürgen.The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere:An Inquiry into a Category of Bourgeois Society.Translated by Thomas Burger.Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,1989.
Hayles,N.Katherine.Writing Machine.Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,2002.
Hume,David.The Letters of David Hume.2 vols.Edited by J.Y.T.Greig.Oxford:Clarendon Press,1932..The Philosophical Works of David Hume.4 vols.Edited by Thomas Hill Green and Thomas Hodge Grose.Edinburgh:Adam Black and William Tait,1826;rpt.Darmstadt,1964..A Treatise of Human Nature.2nd edition.Edited by L.A.Selby-Bigge.Oxford:Clarendon Press;New York:Oxford University Press,1978..Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary.Rev.edition.Edited by Eugene F.Miller.Indianapolis:Liberty Classics,1985.
Johns,Adrian.The Nature of the Book:Print and Knowledge in the Making.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2000.
Kernan,Alvin.Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print.Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1987.
Livingston,Ira.Arrow of Chaos:Romanticism and Postmodernity.Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,1997.
Locke,John.An Essay Concerning Human Understanding.Edited by Peter H.Nidditch.New York:Oxford University Press,1975.
Nicholson,Colin.Writing and the Rise of Finance:Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1994.
Paulson,Ronald.The Beautiful,Novel,and Strange:Aesthetics and Heterodoxy.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995.
Pinch,Adela.Strange Fits of Passion:Epistemologies of Emotion,Hume to Austen.Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1996.
Pocock,J.G.A..Virtue,Commerce,and History:Essays on Political Thought and History,Chiefly in the Eighteenth Century.Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1985.
Poovey,Mary.A History of the Modern Fact.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,1998.
Rorty,Richard.Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.1st edition 1979;30th anniversary edition.Princeton(NJ),Oxford:Princeton University Press,2009.
Rose,Mark.Authors and Owners:The Invention of Copyright.Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1993.
Siskin,Clifford,and William Warner.“This Is Enlightenment:An Invitation in the Form of an Argument.”In This Is Enlightenment.Edited by Clifford Siskin and William Warner.Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2010.
Smith,Adam.The Theory of Moral Sentiments.Edited by D.D.Raphael and A.L.Macfi e.Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,1984.
Taylor,Charles.“Inwardness and the Culture of Modernity.”In Philosophical Interventions in the Unfi nished Project of Enlightenment.Edited by Axel Honneth,
Thomas McCarthy,Claus Offe,and Albrecht Wellmer.Translated by William Rehg.Cambridge,Mass.,London:The MITPress,1992,88-112.
1 Adrian Johns,The Nature of the Book(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2000),215-34 passim,353,454-5,620.
2 Alvin Kernan,Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print(Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press),4.
3 Ibid.,101.
4 Quoted in Alvin Kernan,Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print,101.
5 Ibid.,102.
6 Northrop Frye,Anatoly of Criticism:Four Essays(Princeton,NJ:Princeton University Press,1957),90.
7 Quoted in Mark Rose,Authors and Owners:The Invention of Copyright(Cambridge,Mass.:Harvard University Press,1993),7.
8 Ibid.,8.
9 Ibid.,6.
10 N.Katherine Hayles,Writing Machine(Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,2002),31.
11 See Raymond Williams,Writing in Society(London:Verso,1985),1-7.
12 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion:Epistemologies of Emotion,Hume to Austen(Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,1996),29.
13 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,2nd edition,ed.L.A.Selby-Bigge(New York:Oxford University Press,1978),369.
14 Adam Smith,The Theory of Moral Sentiments,eds.D.D.Raphael and A.L.Macfi e(Indianapolis:Liberty Fund,1984),9.
15 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”in The Cambridge Companion to Adam Smith,ed.Knud Haakonssen(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,2006.158-88),163.
16 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,316.
17 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,319.
18 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,1998),152.
19 Colin Nicholson,Writing and the Rise of Finance:Capital Satires of the Early Eighteenth Century(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1994),55.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,631.
23 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,114.
24 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment:Hume and the Formation of a Literary Career(Madison,WI:The University of Wisconsin Press,1987),136.
25 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,82-3.
26 Ibid.
27 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,138.
28 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,146.
29 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,140.
30 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,142.
31 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,40.
32 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,324.
33 Ibid.,363.
34 See Clifford Siskin and William Warner,“This Is Enlightenment:An Invitation in the Form of an Argument,”in This Is Enlightenment,eds.Clifford Siskin and William Warner(Chicago,London:The University of Chicago Press,2010),1-36.
35 David Hume,“Of the Standard of Taste,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,ed.Eugene F.Miller(Indianapolis,Liberty Classics,19985),239.
36 See Jürgen Habermas,The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere(Cambridge,Mass.:The MIT Press,1989),2-3.
37 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,118.
38 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,119.
39 Stephen Greenblatt,Renaissance Self-Fashioning:From More to Shakespeare(Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1980),201.
40 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
41 Quoted in Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
42 Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”161.
43 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage:Presence,Theatricality,and the Question of Modernity(Albany:The State University of New York Press,2003),55.
44 Ibid.,108.
45 Ibid.,56.
46 Ibid.,121.
47 Quoted in William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,128-9.
48 Quoted in William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,196.
49 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,138.
50 Richard Rorty,Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.1st edition 1979;30th anniversary edition(Princeton[NJ],Oxford:Princeton University Press,2009),50.
51 William Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,138.
52 Quoted inWilliam Egginton,How the World Became a Stage,137.
53 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,151.
54 David Hume,“Of Essay-Writing,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,rev.edition,ed.Eugene F.Miller(Indianapolis:Liberty Classics,1985),535.
55 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,146.
56 Quoted in Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,17.
57 The Letters of David Hume,2 vols.,ed.J.Y.T.Greig(Oxford:Clarendon,1932),1:222.
58 The Letters of David Hume,1:461.
59 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,96.
60 Ibid.,197,note 12.
61 The Letters of David Hume,1:369.
62 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,204.
63 Ibid.,212.
64 Ibid.,212,note 78.
65 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,99.
66 The Letters of David Hume,1:7.
67 The Letters of David Hume,1:1.
68 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,40.
69 Ronald Paulson,The Beautiful,Novel,and Strange:Aesthetics and Heterodoxy(Baltimore:Johns Hopkins University Press,1995),50-1.
70 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,322.
71 Quoted in Alexander Broadie,“Sympathy and the Impartial Spectator,”160.
72 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,340.
73 Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari,Anti-Oedipus:Capitalism and Schizophrenia,trans.Robert Hurley,Mark Seem,and Helen R.Lane(New York:Viking,1977),28.
74 Quoted in Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,12.
75 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,12.
76 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,149.
77 Ibid.,201.
78 Hume,“Of the Standard of Taste,”in Essays,Moral,Political and Literary,239.
79 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,10.
80 Mary Poovey,A History of the Modern Fact,150.
81 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,252-3.
82 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,xviii-xix.
83 David Hume,The Philosophical Works of David Hume,4 vols.,eds.Thomas Hill Green and Thomas Hodge Grose.(Edinburgh:Adam Black and William Tait,1826;rpt.Darmstadt,1964),4:64,my emphasis.
84 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,262.
85 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,261.
86 Ibid.,635.
87 Ira Livingston,Arrow of Chaos:Romanticism and Postmodernity(Minneapolis:The University of Minnesota Press,1997),21.
88 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,122.
89 J.G.A.Pocock,Virtue,Commerce,and History:Essays on Political Thought and History,Chiefl y in the Eighteenth Century(Cambridge,New York:Cambridge University Press,1985),119.
90 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,309.
91 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,402.
92 David Hume,Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,xxxi.
93 Ibid.
94 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,365.
95 Adela Pinch,Strange Fits of Passion,37.
96 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,633.
97 David Hume,A Treatise of Human Nature,221-2.
98 Ibid.
99 Jerome Christensen,Practicing Enlightenment,148.
100 Ibid.,100.
101 David Hume,“Of Commerce,”in Essays,Moral,Political,and Literary,261.