社会排斥视角下残疾人就业困境及帮扶路径研究
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摘要
作为社会弱势群体之一,残疾人应当得到政府及社会各界的积极帮助与支持,从而保障其充分就业的权益。但是,当前我国残疾人就业仍然存在着失业率高、就业岗位层次低、薪资待遇差、公共资源配置不足等多重困境。形成这些困境的原因在于制度排斥、市场排斥、心理排斥、教育排斥等多重社会排斥因素阻碍了残疾人的正常就业权益。因此,应当通过坚持人道主义、公平公正、优势视角等价值取向;充分发挥政府、企业、第三部门、社区、家庭、残疾人个体等多元参与主体的积极作用;进而从制度保障、市场规制、心理健康、教育公平等四个方面整合政治、经济、文化、社会等多元要素,从而建立符合我国残疾人真实诉求的就业帮扶路径。
As one of the social disadvantaged groups, disabled people should receive active help and support from the government and all sectors of society to protect their rights to employ. However, the employment of disabled people in China still has multiple predicaments such as high unemployment rate, low level of employment, poor salary and poor allocation of public resourcesat present.The reason for these dilemmas is that multiple social exclusion factors such as institutional exclusion factors, market exclusion factors,psychological exclusion factors, and educational exclusion factors hinder the normal employment rights of disabled people. Therefore,the construction of the employment assistance path for the disabled should adhere to the values of humanism, fairness and justice, the perspective of advantages, and should give full play to the positive role of the pluralistic participants such as the government, enterprises,the third sector, the community, the family, and the individual. In general, the construction of the disabled assistance path must integrate political, economic, cultural, social and other elements from four aspects: institutional security, market regulation, mental health, and educational equity to meet the real demands of employment for the disabled in China.
As one of the social disadvantaged groups, disabled people should receive active help and support from the government and all sectors of society to protect their rights to employ. However, the employment of disabled people in China still has multiple predicaments such as high unemployment rate, low level of employment, poor salary and poor allocation of public resourcesat present.The reason for these dilemmas is that multiple social exclusion factors such as institutional exclusion factors, market exclusion factors,psychological exclusion factors, and educational exclusion factors hinder the normal employment rights of disabled people. Therefore,the construction of the employment assistance path for the disabled should adhere to the values of humanism, fairness and justice, the perspective of advantages, and should give full play to the positive role of the pluralistic participants such as the government, enterprises,the third sector, the community, the family, and the individual. In general, the construction of the disabled assistance path must integrate political, economic, cultural, social and other elements from four aspects: institutional security, market regulation, mental health, and educational equity to meet the real demands of employment for the disabled in China.
引文
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(1)数据来源于中国残联2018年5月10日第二十八次全国助残日新闻发布会。
(2)数据来源于2009-2015年国家统计局国民经济和社会发展统计公报。
[2]李斌.社会排斥与中国城市住房改革制度[J].社会科学研究, 2002(3).
[3]吉登斯.第三条道路及其批评[M].北京:中共中央党校出版社, 2002.
[4]新华网.2016年将全面实施残疾人两项补贴制度[E B/OL].2015-09-18/2019-04-03.http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2015-09/18/c_1116607146.htm.
[5]国家统计局.2018年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[EB/OL].2019-02-28/2019-04-03.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201902/t20190228_1651265.html.
[6]石开铭,李庆华.残疾人就业岗位分布及特点分析—以哈尔滨市为例[J].黑龙江社会科学, 2015(6).
[7]张爽.残疾人就业岗位特征分析及对策建议—以上海为例[J].残疾人研究, 2013(3).
[8]中国发展门户网.2013年度中国残疾人状况及小康进程监测报告[EB/OL]. 2014-08-20/2019-04-03.http://cn.chinagate.cn/reports/2014-08/20/content_33291104.htm.
[9]张彦,陈晓强.劳动与就业[M].北京社会科学文献出版社, 2002.
[10]中国残疾人联合会.2017年中国残疾人事业发展统计公报[EB/OL].2018-04-26/2019-04-03.http://www.cdpf.org.cn/zcwj/zxwj/201804/t20180426_625574.shtml.
[11]国家统计局.中国儿童发展纲要(2011-2020年)实施情况统计报告[EB/OL].2015-02-03/2019-04-03.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/201501/t20150129_675797.html.
[12]国家统计局.第二次全国残疾人抽样调查主要数据公报[EB/OL].2007-05-08/2019-04-03.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/shehui/2006/html/fu3.htm.
(1)数据来源于中国残联2018年5月10日第二十八次全国助残日新闻发布会。
(2)数据来源于2009-2015年国家统计局国民经济和社会发展统计公报。