烟台市环境受体PM_(2.5)四季污染特征与来源解析
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摘要
于2016～2017年四季在烟台市3个点位采集了PM_(2.5)样品,分析了其质量浓度和化学组分特征.利用CMB模型对受体进行解析,并利用后向轨迹和PSCF对传输气流和潜在源区进行了分析.结果表明,烟台市监测点位冬季、春季、夏季和秋季的PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度分别为(89. 45±56. 80)、(76. 78±28. 44)、(32. 65±17. 92)和(57. 32±24. 60)μg·m~(-3). PM_(2.5)浓度表现出明显的季节变化特征(P <0. 01).全年PM_(2.5)各源类分担率大小依次为:二次硝酸盐源(20. 3%)>城市扬尘源(15. 7%)>机动车排放源(14. 9%)>燃煤源(13. 8%)>二次硫酸盐源(12. 8%)> SOC(6. 1%)>建筑水泥尘源(5. 5%)>海盐源(2. 9%),可以看到烟台市以二次源、扬尘、机动车排放源和燃煤源为主要污染源.春季硝酸盐源和城市扬尘源是重要贡献源类,夏季硫酸盐源贡献突出,燃煤源在秋冬季占比突出.烟台市气流输送和潜在源区也呈现出明显的季节变化:冬季主要受烟台市短距离输送的影响;夏季主要受烟台东部沿海和本地的影响;春秋季主要受山东东北部和东部沿海地区的区域传输和烟台市本地源的影响.
PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sites in Yantai City during all four seasons of 2016-2017,and the mass concentration and chemical composition characteristics were analyzed. The CMB model was used to calculate source apportionment of ambient PM_(2.5),and the backward trajectory cluster and PSCF were used to analyze the transport flow and potential source regions. The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) in winter,spring,summer,and autumn in Yantai were( 89. 45 ± 56. 80),( 76. 78 ±28. 44),( 32. 65 ± 17. 92) and( 57. 32 ± 24. 60) μg·m~(-3),respectively. The PM_(2.5) concentration showed a significant seasonal variation( P < 0. 01). The contribution of PM_(2.5) sources was as follows: secondary nitrate( 20. 3%) > crustal dust( 15. 7%) > vehicle exhaust( 14. 9%) > coal combustion( 13. 8%) > secondary sulphate( 12. 8%) > SOC( 6. 1%) > cement dust( 5. 5%) > sea salt source( 2. 9%). It can be seen that the predominant sources were secondary sources,crustal dust,vehicle exhaust,and coal combustion. The sources of nitrate in spring and of crustal dust were important contributors. The contribution of sulfate in summer was prominent,and the proportion of coal combustion was high in autumn and winter. Yantai City's airflow transport and potential source regions also showed significant seasonal changes: winters were mainly affected by short-distance transport in Yantai City; summers were mainly affected by the coastal of eastern Yantai City and local areas; springs and autumns were mainly affected by regional transmission in the northeast and in the eastern coastal areas of Shandong Province and by local sources in Yantai City.
PM_(2.5) samples were collected at three sites in Yantai City during all four seasons of 2016-2017,and the mass concentration and chemical composition characteristics were analyzed. The CMB model was used to calculate source apportionment of ambient PM_(2.5),and the backward trajectory cluster and PSCF were used to analyze the transport flow and potential source regions. The results showed that the average mass concentrations of PM_(2.5) in winter,spring,summer,and autumn in Yantai were( 89. 45 ± 56. 80),( 76. 78 ±28. 44),( 32. 65 ± 17. 92) and( 57. 32 ± 24. 60) μg·m~(-3),respectively. The PM_(2.5) concentration showed a significant seasonal variation( P < 0. 01). The contribution of PM_(2.5) sources was as follows: secondary nitrate( 20. 3%) > crustal dust( 15. 7%) > vehicle exhaust( 14. 9%) > coal combustion( 13. 8%) > secondary sulphate( 12. 8%) > SOC( 6. 1%) > cement dust( 5. 5%) > sea salt source( 2. 9%). It can be seen that the predominant sources were secondary sources,crustal dust,vehicle exhaust,and coal combustion. The sources of nitrate in spring and of crustal dust were important contributors. The contribution of sulfate in summer was prominent,and the proportion of coal combustion was high in autumn and winter. Yantai City's airflow transport and potential source regions also showed significant seasonal changes: winters were mainly affected by short-distance transport in Yantai City; summers were mainly affected by the coastal of eastern Yantai City and local areas; springs and autumns were mainly affected by regional transmission in the northeast and in the eastern coastal areas of Shandong Province and by local sources in Yantai City.
引文
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