人乳生物化学组成及其特性分析
摘要
人乳是婴儿成长最佳的营养物质和生存保障。近年来,世界各地研究者都在关注人乳的组成、特性及其影响因素。研究发现,人乳中既有蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、矿物质等化学成分,又有细菌、真菌等微生物。这些复杂的成分不仅可以养育婴儿,还可以在其免疫系统成熟之前保护其远离疾病。目前关于人乳中化学组成与生物组成相互关系的研究尚属罕见。综述了人乳的生物化学组成及其特性,总结了存在问题,提出了发展方向。
引文
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[37]Boix-Amoros A,Puente-Sanchez F,du Toit E,et al.Mycobiome profiles in breast milk from healthy women depend o n m o d e o f d e l i v e r y,g e o g r a p h i c location and interaction with bacteria[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2019.
[38]Heikkila M P,Saris P E J.Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by the commensal bacteria of human milk[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2003,95(3):471-478.
[39]Riaz Rajoka M S,Mehwish H M,Siddiq M,et al.Identification,characterization,and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from human milk[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,84:271-280.
[40]Jiang M,Zhang F,Wan C,et al.Evaluation of probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 isolated from human breast milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(3):1736-1746.
[41]Maldonado J,Canabate F,Sempere L,et al.Human milk probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 reduces the i n c i d e n c e o f g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l a n d upper respirat ory tr act infec tions in infants[J].Journal of Pediatric G a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y a n d N u t r i t i o n,2012,54(1):55-61.
[42]Aakko J,Kumar H,Rautava S,et al.Human milk oligosaccharide categories define the microbiota composition in human colostrum[J].Beneficial Microbes,2017,8(4):563-567.
[43]Wang M,Li M,Wu S,et al.Fecal microbiota composition of breastfed infants is correlated with human milk oligosaccharides consumed[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2015,60(6):825-833.
[2]Molinari C E,Casadio Y S,Hartmann BT,et al.Proteome mapping of human skim milk proteins in term and preterm milk[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2012,11(3):1696-1714.
[3]Holt C,Horne H D.The hairy casein micelle:evoluation of the concept and its implications for dairy technology[J].Neth Milk Dairy Journal,1996,50(2):85-111.
[4]Davis T A.,Nguyen H V,Garcia-Bravo R,et al.Amino acid composition of human milk is not unique[J].Journal of Nutrition,1994,124(7):1126-1132.
[5]Agostoni C,CarratùB,Boniglia C,et al.,Free Amino Acid Content in Standard Infant Formulas:Comparison with Human Milk[J].Journal of the American College of Nutrition,2000,19(4):434-438.
[6]Chesney R W,Helms R A,Christensen M,et al.The role of taurine in infant nutrition[M].Advances in Experimental Medicine&Biology,1998.
[7]Koletzko B,Rodriguezpalmero M,Demmelmair H,et al.Physiological aspects of human milk lipids[J].Early Human Development,2001,65(1):S3-S18.
[8]Lopez C,Ménard O.Human milk fat globules:Polar lipid composition and in situ structural investigations revealing the heterogeneous distribution of proteins and the lateral segregation of sphingomyelin in the biological m e m b r a n e[J].C o l l o i d s S u r f BBiointerfaces,2011,83(1):29-41.
[9]Martin J C,Bougnoux P,Antoine J M,et al.Triacylglycerol structure of human colostrum and mature milk[J].Lipids,1993,28(7):637-643.
[10]Innis S M,Quinlan P,Diersenschade D.Saturated fatty acid chain length and positional distribution in infant formula:effects on growth and plasma lipids and ketones in piglets[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,1993,57(3):382-390.
[11]Isaacs C E,Litov R E,Thormar H.Antimicrobial activity of lipids added to human milk,infant formula,and bovine milk[J].Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry,1995,6(7):362-366.
[12]Asakuma S,Urashima T,Akahori M,et al.Variation of major neutral oligosaccharides levels in human colostrum[J].European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2008,62(4):488-494.
[13]朱婧,石羽杰,吴立芳,等.不同阶段母乳中10种游离低聚糖的检测及含量分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志,2017,29(4):417-422.
[14]姚文,张卓君,周婷婷,等.中国母亲母乳中中性寡糖的浓度变化[J].中国儿童保健杂志,2009,17(3):251-253.
[15]Bode L.The functional biology of human milk oligosaccharides[J].Early Human Development,2015,91(11):619-622.
[16]Hanson L A,Korotkova M.The role of breastfeeding in prevention of neonatal infection[J].Seminars in Neonatology,2002,7(4):275-281.
[17]Morriss F H,Brewer E D,Spedale SB,et al.Relationship of human milk pHduring course of lactation to concentrations of citrate and fatty acids[J].Pediatrics,1986,78(3):458-464.
[18]Luo Y,Zhang B,Chen M,et al.Rapid and Simultaneous Determination of Essential Minerals and Trace Elements in Human Milk by Improved Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(FAAS)with Microwave Digestion[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2010,58(17):9396-9400.
[19]Bates C J,Prentice A.Breast milk as a source of vitamins,essential minerals and trace elements[J].Pharmacology&Therapeutics,1994,62(1):193-220.
[20]Shi W X,Chance M R.Metalloproteomics:forward and reverse approaches in metalloprotein structural and functional characterization[J].Current Opinion in Chemical Biology,2011,15(1):144-148.
[21]Jenness R.The composition of human milk[J].Seminars in perinatology,1979,3(3):225-239.
[22]Hambraeus L,L?nnerdal B,Forsum E,et al.Nitrogen and protein components of human milk[J].Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica,2010,67(5):561-565.
[23]Liepk C,Zucht H D,Forssmann WG,et al.Purification of novel peptide antibiotics from human milk[J].Journal of Chromatography B:Biomedical Sciences and Applications,2001,752(2):369-377.
[24]Liepke C,Adermann K,Raida M,et al.Human milk provides peptides highly stimulating the growth of bifidobacteria[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,2002,269(2):712-718.
[25]Liao K Y,Wu T C,Huang C F,et al.Profile of nucleotides and nucleosides in Taiwanese human milk[J].Pediatr Neonatol,2011,52(2):93-97.
[26]Fernandez L,Langa S,Martin V,et al.The human milk microbiota:origin and potential roles in health and disease[J].Pharmacological Research,2013,69(1):1-10.
[27]Jimenez E,de Andres J,Manrique M,et al.Metagenomic Analysis of Milk of Healthy and Mastitis-Suffering Women[J].Journal of Human Lactation:Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association,2015,31(3):406-415.
[28]黄卫强.中国四个地区人母乳中微生物多样性研究:[D][硕士论文].呼和浩特:2015.
[29]Hunt K M,Foster J A,Forney L J,et al.Characterization of the diversity and temporal stability of bacterial communities in human milk[J].PLoS One,2011,6(6):e21313.
[30]Cabrera-Rubio R,Collado M C,Laitinen K,et al.The human milk microbiome changes over lactation and is shaped by maternal weight and mode of delivery[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2012,96(3):544-551.
[31]Boix-Amorós A,Collado M C,Mira A.Relationship between milk microbiota,bacterial load,macronutrients,and human cells during lactation[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2016(7):492.
[32]Meehan C L,Lackey K A,Hagen E H,et al.Social networks,cooperative breeding,and the human milk microbiome[J].American Journal of Human Biology,2018,30(4):e23131.
[33]Urbaniak C,Angelini M,Gloor G B,et al.Human milk microbiota profiles in relation to birthing method,gestation and infant gender[J].Microbiome,2016,4(1):1.
[34]Sakwinska O,Moine D,Delley M,et al.Microbiota in breast milk of chinese lactating mothers[J].PLoS One,2016,11(8):e0160856.
[35]Ojo-Okunola A,Nicol M,du Toit E.Human breast milk bacteriome in health and disease[J].Nutrients,2018,10(11):1643.
[36]Boix-Amoros A,Martinez-Costa C,Querol A,et al.Multiple approaches detect the presence of Fungi in human breastmilk samples from healthy mothers[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):13016.
[37]Boix-Amoros A,Puente-Sanchez F,du Toit E,et al.Mycobiome profiles in breast milk from healthy women depend o n m o d e o f d e l i v e r y,g e o g r a p h i c location and interaction with bacteria[J].Applied Environmental Microbiology,2019.
[38]Heikkila M P,Saris P E J.Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus by the commensal bacteria of human milk[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2003,95(3):471-478.
[39]Riaz Rajoka M S,Mehwish H M,Siddiq M,et al.Identification,characterization,and probiotic potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from human milk[J].LWT-Food Science and Technology,2017,84:271-280.
[40]Jiang M,Zhang F,Wan C,et al.Evaluation of probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 isolated from human breast milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(3):1736-1746.
[41]Maldonado J,Canabate F,Sempere L,et al.Human milk probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 reduces the i n c i d e n c e o f g a s t r o i n t e s t i n a l a n d upper respirat ory tr act infec tions in infants[J].Journal of Pediatric G a s t r o e n t e r o l o g y a n d N u t r i t i o n,2012,54(1):55-61.
[42]Aakko J,Kumar H,Rautava S,et al.Human milk oligosaccharide categories define the microbiota composition in human colostrum[J].Beneficial Microbes,2017,8(4):563-567.
[43]Wang M,Li M,Wu S,et al.Fecal microbiota composition of breastfed infants is correlated with human milk oligosaccharides consumed[J].Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition,2015,60(6):825-833.