置身名流:燕卜荪对中国现代派诗歌和诗论的影响
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摘要
威廉·燕卜荪是20世纪后结构主义兴起之前最有影响的批评家之一,1937—1939年在西南联大讲授英美现代派诗歌和批评理论等,由此在中国一批年轻的"学术名流"之中播下了现代诗歌和现代诗论的种子,这笔弥足珍贵的学术遗产已然成为中国20世纪外国文学批评和研究、以及中国现代学术地图的重要组成部分。本文以西南联大诗人群、中国现代诗评论以及新中国外国语言文学研究的奠基者王佐良、穆旦、袁可嘉等人为例,阐述燕卜荪对中国现代派诗歌和诗论在20世纪中期的萌芽所产生的现实影响和当代意义。
William Empson is one of the most influential 20 th century literary critic before the rise of post-structuralism. His teaching of English modernist poetry at Xinan Lianda from 1937 to 1939 can be taken as a seeding process among a group of young Chinese Mandarins. Today, this long-cherished legacy of academic exchange has become an important component of Chinese criticism and research of foreign literature in the 20 th century along with the rise of Chinese modern academics. This paper takes a number of founding fathers of Chinese modernist poetry and English studies such as Wang Zuoliang, Mu Dan and Yuan Kejia as examples to illustrate Empson's impact and significance in germinating Chinese modernist poetry and poetics around the period of mid-20 th century.
William Empson is one of the most influential 20 th century literary critic before the rise of post-structuralism. His teaching of English modernist poetry at Xinan Lianda from 1937 to 1939 can be taken as a seeding process among a group of young Chinese Mandarins. Today, this long-cherished legacy of academic exchange has become an important component of Chinese criticism and research of foreign literature in the 20 th century along with the rise of Chinese modern academics. This paper takes a number of founding fathers of Chinese modernist poetry and English studies such as Wang Zuoliang, Mu Dan and Yuan Kejia as examples to illustrate Empson's impact and significance in germinating Chinese modernist poetry and poetics around the period of mid-20 th century.
引文
Empson,William.The Strengths of Shakespeare’s Shrew:Essays,Memories and Reviews.Ed.John Haffenden.Sheffield,1996.
Haffenden,John.William Empson:Among the Mandarins.Oxford:Oxford UP,2005.
Hilliard,Christopher.English as a Vocation:The Scrutiny Movement.Oxford:Oxford UP,2012.
Zhou,Xiaoyi,and Shen Dan.“Western Literary Theories in China:Reception,Influence and Resistance.”Comparative Critical Studies 3.1-2(2006):139-55.
Wang,Zuoliang.“A Chinese Poet.”载《王佐良全集》卷7。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2016,第332-46页。[Wang Zuoliang.“A Chinese Poet.”Complete Works of Wang Zuoliang.Vol.7.Beijing:FLTRP,2016.332-46.]
艾略特:《现代教育和古典文学:艾略特文集·论文》,陆建德主编。上海:上海译文出版社,2012。[Eliot,T.S.Collection of Essays on Modern Education and Classical Literature by T.S.Eliot.Ed.Lu Jiande.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2012]
季羡林等:《外语教育往事谈:教授们的回忆》。上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988,第200-11页。[Ji,Xianlin,et al.Bygone Time of Foreign Languages Education:Recollections of Professors.Shanghai:SFLEP,1988.]
蓝棣之:《现代诗的情感与形式》。北京:人民文学出版社,2002。[Lan,Dizhi.Emotions and Forms of Modern Poetry.Beijing:People’s Literature,2002]
蓝棣之:《现代诗歌理论:渊源与走势》。北京:清华大学出版社,2002。[Lan,Dizhi.Theory of Modern Poetry:Sources and Trends.Beijing:Tsinghua UP,2002.]
李赋宁:《学习英语与从事英语工作的人生历程》。北京:北京大学出版社,2005。[Li,Funing.Life Experience of Learning and Teaching English.Beijing:Peking UP,2002.]
刘洪涛编:《忧郁的解剖》。天津:天津人民出版社,1998。[Liu,Hongtan,ed.Anatomy of Melancholy.Tianjin:Tianjin People’s,1980.]
王佐良:《怀燕卜荪先生》,载《外国文学》1980年第1期,第2-5页。[Wang,Zuoliang.“Remembering William Empson.”Foreign Literature 1(1980):2-5.]
王佐良:《王佐良文集》,徐序编。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997。[Wang,Zuoliang.Selected Works of Wang Zuoliang.Ed.Xu Xu.Beijing:FLTRP,1997.]
袁可嘉:《九叶集》。南京:江苏人民出版社,1981。[Yuan,Kejia.Collection of Nine Leaves.Nanjing:Jiangsu People’s,1981.]
袁可嘉:《论新诗现代化》。北京:三联书店,1988。[Yuan,Kejia.On Modernization of New Poetry.Beijing:SDX Joint,1988.]
臧棣:《袁可嘉40年代中国诗歌批评的一次现代主义总结》,载《文艺理论研究》1997年第4期,第85-92页。[Zang,Di.“A Modernist Summary of Chinese Criticism of Poetry in 1940s.”Theoretical Studies In Literature and Art 4(1997):85-92.]
赵毅衡:《新批评:一种独特的形式主义文论》。北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988。[Zhao,Yiheng.New Criticism:A Unique Literary Theory of Formalism.Beijing:China Social Sciences,1988.]
赵毅衡:《新中国六十年新批评研究》,载《浙江大学学报》2012年第42卷第1期,第139-47页。[Zhao,Yiheng.“60-year New Criticism Studies in China.”Journal of Zhejiang University 42.1(2012):139-47.]
赵毅衡:《重新定义符号与符号学》,载《国际新闻界》2012年第6期,第6-14页。[Zhao,Yiheng.“Redefining Sign and Semiotics.”International Media 6(2012):6-14.]
周珏良:《周珏良文集》。北京:外语与教学研究出版社,1994。[Zhou,Jueliang.Selected Works of Zhou Jueliang.Beijing:FLTRP,1994.]
(1)几乎在同一时间,早期深受瑞恰慈、利维斯实用批评方法影响的威廉斯正在牛津大学成人教育的课堂上,用同样的文本细读的方式给英国工人上课,指导他们“寻找歧义和客观对应物”(Hilliard 149)。
Haffenden,John.William Empson:Among the Mandarins.Oxford:Oxford UP,2005.
Hilliard,Christopher.English as a Vocation:The Scrutiny Movement.Oxford:Oxford UP,2012.
Zhou,Xiaoyi,and Shen Dan.“Western Literary Theories in China:Reception,Influence and Resistance.”Comparative Critical Studies 3.1-2(2006):139-55.
Wang,Zuoliang.“A Chinese Poet.”载《王佐良全集》卷7。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2016,第332-46页。[Wang Zuoliang.“A Chinese Poet.”Complete Works of Wang Zuoliang.Vol.7.Beijing:FLTRP,2016.332-46.]
艾略特:《现代教育和古典文学:艾略特文集·论文》,陆建德主编。上海:上海译文出版社,2012。[Eliot,T.S.Collection of Essays on Modern Education and Classical Literature by T.S.Eliot.Ed.Lu Jiande.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation,2012]
季羡林等:《外语教育往事谈:教授们的回忆》。上海:上海外语教育出版社,1988,第200-11页。[Ji,Xianlin,et al.Bygone Time of Foreign Languages Education:Recollections of Professors.Shanghai:SFLEP,1988.]
蓝棣之:《现代诗的情感与形式》。北京:人民文学出版社,2002。[Lan,Dizhi.Emotions and Forms of Modern Poetry.Beijing:People’s Literature,2002]
蓝棣之:《现代诗歌理论:渊源与走势》。北京:清华大学出版社,2002。[Lan,Dizhi.Theory of Modern Poetry:Sources and Trends.Beijing:Tsinghua UP,2002.]
李赋宁:《学习英语与从事英语工作的人生历程》。北京:北京大学出版社,2005。[Li,Funing.Life Experience of Learning and Teaching English.Beijing:Peking UP,2002.]
刘洪涛编:《忧郁的解剖》。天津:天津人民出版社,1998。[Liu,Hongtan,ed.Anatomy of Melancholy.Tianjin:Tianjin People’s,1980.]
王佐良:《怀燕卜荪先生》,载《外国文学》1980年第1期,第2-5页。[Wang,Zuoliang.“Remembering William Empson.”Foreign Literature 1(1980):2-5.]
王佐良:《王佐良文集》,徐序编。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997。[Wang,Zuoliang.Selected Works of Wang Zuoliang.Ed.Xu Xu.Beijing:FLTRP,1997.]
袁可嘉:《九叶集》。南京:江苏人民出版社,1981。[Yuan,Kejia.Collection of Nine Leaves.Nanjing:Jiangsu People’s,1981.]
袁可嘉:《论新诗现代化》。北京:三联书店,1988。[Yuan,Kejia.On Modernization of New Poetry.Beijing:SDX Joint,1988.]
臧棣:《袁可嘉40年代中国诗歌批评的一次现代主义总结》,载《文艺理论研究》1997年第4期,第85-92页。[Zang,Di.“A Modernist Summary of Chinese Criticism of Poetry in 1940s.”Theoretical Studies In Literature and Art 4(1997):85-92.]
赵毅衡:《新批评:一种独特的形式主义文论》。北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988。[Zhao,Yiheng.New Criticism:A Unique Literary Theory of Formalism.Beijing:China Social Sciences,1988.]
赵毅衡:《新中国六十年新批评研究》,载《浙江大学学报》2012年第42卷第1期,第139-47页。[Zhao,Yiheng.“60-year New Criticism Studies in China.”Journal of Zhejiang University 42.1(2012):139-47.]
赵毅衡:《重新定义符号与符号学》,载《国际新闻界》2012年第6期,第6-14页。[Zhao,Yiheng.“Redefining Sign and Semiotics.”International Media 6(2012):6-14.]
周珏良:《周珏良文集》。北京:外语与教学研究出版社,1994。[Zhou,Jueliang.Selected Works of Zhou Jueliang.Beijing:FLTRP,1994.]
(1)几乎在同一时间,早期深受瑞恰慈、利维斯实用批评方法影响的威廉斯正在牛津大学成人教育的课堂上,用同样的文本细读的方式给英国工人上课,指导他们“寻找歧义和客观对应物”(Hilliard 149)。