中卫市中小学生常见病调查及相关因素分析
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摘要
目的了解中卫市不同年龄段学生常见病基本状况及其主要影响因素,评价学生健康风险。方法通过现场调查中卫市2个县内的7所中小学校学生常见病患病情况和学生健康危害因素,分析不同年级、地区和性别学生常见病的差异及视力不良的影响因素。结果中卫市中小学生视力不良、恒牙龋齿、营养不良和肥胖的检出率分别为59.2%、20.6%、16.7%和3.8%。视力不良检出率随着年级的增长逐渐升高(P<0.05),视力不良、恒牙龋齿检出率均为郊县高于城区(P<0.05),女生高于男生(P<0.05);学生营养不良检出率随着年级的增长逐渐降低(P<0.05)。父母或老师是否提醒读写姿势、天黑时在家读书写字用什么灯光和平均每天看电视时间是视力不良的危险因素,3项影响因素对视力的相对危险度分别为1.270、1.287和1.166。结论视力不良和近视、龋齿、营养不良和肥胖已成为当前严重影响中卫市学生健康的主要卫生问题,应引起卫生与教育部门的重视。
Objective To understand the basic condition and main influencing factors of common diseases among students of different age groups in Zhongwei,and to evaluate the health risk of students.Methods Through investigation prevalence rate and health hazards of common diseases of seven primary and secondary school students in two counties of Zhongwei,Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of common diseases among students of different grades,regions and genders,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor vision.Results The total detection rate of poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition and obesity among primary and middle school students in Zhongwei city were 59.2%,20.6%,16.7% and 3.8%,respectively.The detection rate of poor vision gradually increased with the growth of grade(P<0.05).The detection rates of poor vision and dental caries were higher in suburban counties than in cities(P<0.05) and higher in girls than in boys(P<0.05).The rate of malnutrition detection of students decreased with the increase of grade(P<0.05).Whether a parent or teacher reminded them of their reading and writing posture,what light they use to read and write at home in the dark,and the average amount of time they spend watching TV every day were risk factors for poor vision.The relative risk of the three factors to vision was 1.270,1.287 and 1.166,respectively.Conclusion The poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition and obesity have become the main health problems that seriously affect the health of students in Zhongwei,and the health and education departments should pay more attention to that.
Objective To understand the basic condition and main influencing factors of common diseases among students of different age groups in Zhongwei,and to evaluate the health risk of students.Methods Through investigation prevalence rate and health hazards of common diseases of seven primary and secondary school students in two counties of Zhongwei,Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences of common diseases among students of different grades,regions and genders,and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor vision.Results The total detection rate of poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition and obesity among primary and middle school students in Zhongwei city were 59.2%,20.6%,16.7% and 3.8%,respectively.The detection rate of poor vision gradually increased with the growth of grade(P<0.05).The detection rates of poor vision and dental caries were higher in suburban counties than in cities(P<0.05) and higher in girls than in boys(P<0.05).The rate of malnutrition detection of students decreased with the increase of grade(P<0.05).Whether a parent or teacher reminded them of their reading and writing posture,what light they use to read and write at home in the dark,and the average amount of time they spend watching TV every day were risk factors for poor vision.The relative risk of the three factors to vision was 1.270,1.287 and 1.166,respectively.Conclusion The poor vision,dental caries,malnutrition and obesity have become the main health problems that seriously affect the health of students in Zhongwei,and the health and education departments should pay more attention to that.
引文
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[15]赵昱,薛志杰,许秀霞.鄂尔多斯蒙古族中学学生常见病患病情况分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2010,4(2):84-85.
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[17]覃忠书,覃彦香,韦琳,等.我国中小学生常见病防控研究进展[J].应用预防医学,2015,21(2):139-141.
[2]马军.学校卫生在新型公共卫生体系建立中的作用[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(5):641-645.
[3]董彦会,刘慧彬,王政和,等.2005-2014年中国7~18岁儿童青少年近视流行状况与变化趋势[J].中华预防医学杂志,2017,51(4):285-289.
[4]石梅琴,蒋嫒明,任敏,等.影响青少年近视进展的可控因素[J].中医眼耳鼻喉杂志,2016,6(3):148-151.
[5]马军.中国学校卫生/儿少卫生发展[J].中国学校卫生,2015,36(1):6-9.
[6]戴炜,席薇,张欣.天津市汉族中小学生常见病患病状况及影响因素分析[J].中国学校卫生,2013,34(2):210-212.
[7]屈芳,邹享玉,张云燕,等.岳阳市区中小学生2013年健康状况调查分析[J].湖南师范大学学报:医学版,2016,13(1):141-144.
[8]符祥兰.2013年宣威市中小学生常见病患病现状分析[J].医学信息,2015,28(19):297.
[9]仇元营,余小鸣,王璐,等.北京市初中生常见病患病情况及对学业成绩的影响[J].中国学校卫生,2017,38(3):396-399.
[10]张振峰,杨超,高飞,等.哈尔滨市学生常见病及健康危险因素调查分析[J].黑龙江医学,2018,42(2):156-158,161.
[11]何荣国,江禄庆,姚永恒.龙海市2015年中小学生龋齿调查分析[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2016,31(12):35-37.
[12]杨秀珍,李辉,王永.宁波市2009-2010年学生常见病监测结果分析[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2012,32(1):78-80.
[13]黄雪华,赵朔虹,刘思渊,等.2014-2016学年东莞市中小学生常见病患病情况及动态分析[J].中国校医,2017,31(8):566-568.
[14]孙云芬,郑志军,王绣娜,等.唐山市曹妃甸区学生常见病调查结果分析[J].医学动物防制,2014,30(8):851-853,856.
[15]赵昱,薛志杰,许秀霞.鄂尔多斯蒙古族中学学生常见病患病情况分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2010,4(2):84-85.
[16]吕文沛,吴文军,吴婉君,等.宁夏中小学生2014年营养状况评价[J].中国学校卫生,2016,37(11):1694-1696.
[17]覃忠书,覃彦香,韦琳,等.我国中小学生常见病防控研究进展[J].应用预防医学,2015,21(2):139-141.