农户兼业与“两型农业”技术采用意愿研究——以病虫害绿色防治技术为例
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摘要
[目的]以农户兼业为视角,探讨不同兼业类型的农户"两型农业"技术采用意愿及其影响因素,为提高农户"两型农业"技术采用意愿,推动农业绿色发展提供政策参考。[方法]利用湖北省农户调查数据,以病虫害绿色防治技术为例,比较了不同兼业类型的农户"两型农业"技术采用的意愿差异,运用Binary Logistic回归模型探讨了影响不同兼业类型农户"两型农业"技术采用意愿的关键因素。[结果](1)多数农户对"两型农业"技术有采用意愿,其中采用意愿最高的为二兼农户,其次为一兼农户,纯农户采用意愿最低;(2)影响不同兼业类型农户采用意愿的共同因素主要集中在两方面,感知有用性方面对各类型兼业农户均有十分显著的正向影响;感知易用性方面对各类型兼业农户均有显著的负向影响;(3)影响不同兼业类型农户对"两型农业"技术采用意愿的因素有明显差异,劳动力占比、种植面积、农药使用频率、较容易获得农业技术信息均对纯农户采用意愿有负向影响;性别和农药使用频率分别对一兼农户有负向和正向影响;文化程度、种植面积、家庭年纯收入和农药使用费用均对二兼农户有显著的正向影响。[结论]可通过加大"两型农业"宣传推广力度、增强政策支持和技术推广补贴力度、适度发展规模化经营等方式以提高农户对"两型农业"的认知和采用意愿,促进农业绿色发展。
From the perspective of farmers' concurrent business,this study explored the willingness to adopt " TwoOriented Agriculture" technology from farmers of different concurrent business types and its' influencing factors.And it provided policy references in order to increase farmers' willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology and push forwards the green development in agriculture. Based on the investigation and research data of farmers in Hubei province,this study took the example of the green control technology for plant diseases and pests.Besides,it made the comparison over differences in the willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology among farmers of different concurrent business types. In addition,it used the Binary Logistic regression model to find out the key factors for these differences. The results showed that( 1) Most farmers were willing to adopt the "Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology,of which the farmers whose major income source was not agricultural production had the highest willingness. While,the full-time farmers had the lowest willingness.( 2) The common influencing factors of the willingness of farmers in different types of concurrent business mainly focused on two aspects including the perceived usefulness had significant positive influence on farmers of all types of concurrent business;the perceived ease of use had obvious negative impact on farmers of all types of concurrent business.( 3) There were distinct differences in the factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology. The proportion of labor force,land management scale,times of pesticide dispensing,and the easy access to agricultural technical information had negative impacts on full-time farmers; Gender and times of drug dispensing had negative and positive influence respectively on farmers whose major income source was agricultural production.And education level,land management scale,family annual net income and pesticide cost had significant positive influence on farmers whose major income source was not agricultural production. Therefore,the government should enhance the propaganda on " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology,strengthen policy support and technical promotion allowance,develop reasonably large-scale operation to improve farmers' cognition and adoption willingness on "Two-Oriented Agriculture" and accelerate green development in agriculture.
From the perspective of farmers' concurrent business,this study explored the willingness to adopt " TwoOriented Agriculture" technology from farmers of different concurrent business types and its' influencing factors.And it provided policy references in order to increase farmers' willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology and push forwards the green development in agriculture. Based on the investigation and research data of farmers in Hubei province,this study took the example of the green control technology for plant diseases and pests.Besides,it made the comparison over differences in the willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology among farmers of different concurrent business types. In addition,it used the Binary Logistic regression model to find out the key factors for these differences. The results showed that( 1) Most farmers were willing to adopt the "Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology,of which the farmers whose major income source was not agricultural production had the highest willingness. While,the full-time farmers had the lowest willingness.( 2) The common influencing factors of the willingness of farmers in different types of concurrent business mainly focused on two aspects including the perceived usefulness had significant positive influence on farmers of all types of concurrent business;the perceived ease of use had obvious negative impact on farmers of all types of concurrent business.( 3) There were distinct differences in the factors influencing farmers' willingness to adopt " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology. The proportion of labor force,land management scale,times of pesticide dispensing,and the easy access to agricultural technical information had negative impacts on full-time farmers; Gender and times of drug dispensing had negative and positive influence respectively on farmers whose major income source was agricultural production.And education level,land management scale,family annual net income and pesticide cost had significant positive influence on farmers whose major income source was not agricultural production. Therefore,the government should enhance the propaganda on " Two-Oriented Agriculture" technology,strengthen policy support and technical promotion allowance,develop reasonably large-scale operation to improve farmers' cognition and adoption willingness on "Two-Oriented Agriculture" and accelerate green development in agriculture.
引文
[1]刘战平,匡远配.农民采用“两型农业”技术意愿的影响因素分析——以“两型社会”实验区为例.农业技术经济,2012(6):57-62.
[2]黄安胜,许佳贤,刘振滨,等.中国绿色农业技术效率及其省际差异分析——基于1998—2012年的面板数据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,15(4):68-75.
[3]李谷成.中国农业的绿色生产率革命:1978—2008年.经济学(季刊),2014,13(2):537-558.
[4]何可,张俊飚,丰军辉.自我雇佣型农村妇女的农业技术需求意愿及其影响因素分析——以农业废弃物基质产业技术为例.中国农村观察,2014(4):84-94.
[5]西奥多·W·舒尔茨著.梁小民译.改造传统农业.北京:商务印书馆,1987.
[6]苏向辉,孙挺,王保力,等.新疆棉农低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):43-48.
[7]姚文.家庭资源禀赋、创业能力与环境友好型技术采用意愿——基于家庭农场视角.经济经纬,2016,33(1):36-41.
[8]霍瑜,张俊飚,陈祺琪,等.土地规模与农业技术利用意愿研究——以湖北省两型农业为例.农业技术经济,2016(7):19-28.
[9]李容容,罗小锋,薛龙飞.种植大户对农业社会化服务组织的选择:营利性组织还是非营利性组织?,中国农村观察,2015(5):73-84.
[10]盛智颖,王冰.家庭农场农业信息需求及支付意愿分析.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,18(1):23-30.
[11]乔金杰,穆月英,赵旭强,等.政府补贴对低碳农业技术采用的干预效应——基于山西和河北省农户调研数据.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):46-50.
[12]苟露峰,高强.农户采用农业技术的行为选择与决定因素实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):65-72.
[13]郝海广,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.农户兼业行为及其原因探析.农业技术经济,2010(3):14-21.
[14]米建伟,黄季焜,陈瑞剑,等.风险规避与中国棉农的农药施用行为.中国农村经济,2012(7):60-71,83.
[15]张云华,马九杰,孔祥智,等.农户采用无公害和绿色农药行为的影响因素分析——对山西、陕西和山东15县(市)的实证分析.中国农村经济,2004(1):41-49.
[16]蔡书凯.经济结构、耕地特征与病虫害绿色防控技术采纳的实证研究——基于安徽省740个水稻种植户的调查数据.中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):208-215.
[17]杨普云,熊延坤,尹哲,等.绿色防控技术示范工作进展与展望.中国植保导刊,2010,30(4):37-38.
[18]高强.我国三大地带农户兼业形态研究.经济地理,1999(1):74-77.
[19]陈晓红,汪朝霞.苏州农户兼业行为的因素分析.中国农村经济,2007(4):25-31.
[2]黄安胜,许佳贤,刘振滨,等.中国绿色农业技术效率及其省际差异分析——基于1998—2012年的面板数据.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2014,15(4):68-75.
[3]李谷成.中国农业的绿色生产率革命:1978—2008年.经济学(季刊),2014,13(2):537-558.
[4]何可,张俊飚,丰军辉.自我雇佣型农村妇女的农业技术需求意愿及其影响因素分析——以农业废弃物基质产业技术为例.中国农村观察,2014(4):84-94.
[5]西奥多·W·舒尔茨著.梁小民译.改造传统农业.北京:商务印书馆,1987.
[6]苏向辉,孙挺,王保力,等.新疆棉农低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用为例.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(9):43-48.
[7]姚文.家庭资源禀赋、创业能力与环境友好型技术采用意愿——基于家庭农场视角.经济经纬,2016,33(1):36-41.
[8]霍瑜,张俊飚,陈祺琪,等.土地规模与农业技术利用意愿研究——以湖北省两型农业为例.农业技术经济,2016(7):19-28.
[9]李容容,罗小锋,薛龙飞.种植大户对农业社会化服务组织的选择:营利性组织还是非营利性组织?,中国农村观察,2015(5):73-84.
[10]盛智颖,王冰.家庭农场农业信息需求及支付意愿分析.湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,18(1):23-30.
[11]乔金杰,穆月英,赵旭强,等.政府补贴对低碳农业技术采用的干预效应——基于山西和河北省农户调研数据.干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):46-50.
[12]苟露峰,高强.农户采用农业技术的行为选择与决定因素实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(1):65-72.
[13]郝海广,李秀彬,辛良杰,等.农户兼业行为及其原因探析.农业技术经济,2010(3):14-21.
[14]米建伟,黄季焜,陈瑞剑,等.风险规避与中国棉农的农药施用行为.中国农村经济,2012(7):60-71,83.
[15]张云华,马九杰,孔祥智,等.农户采用无公害和绿色农药行为的影响因素分析——对山西、陕西和山东15县(市)的实证分析.中国农村经济,2004(1):41-49.
[16]蔡书凯.经济结构、耕地特征与病虫害绿色防控技术采纳的实证研究——基于安徽省740个水稻种植户的调查数据.中国农业大学学报,2013,18(4):208-215.
[17]杨普云,熊延坤,尹哲,等.绿色防控技术示范工作进展与展望.中国植保导刊,2010,30(4):37-38.
[18]高强.我国三大地带农户兼业形态研究.经济地理,1999(1):74-77.
[19]陈晓红,汪朝霞.苏州农户兼业行为的因素分析.中国农村经济,2007(4):25-31.