巨厚坚硬岩浆岩床破裂运动诱发冲击地压机制研究
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摘要
针对巨厚坚硬岩浆岩床下浅部煤层大面积采空后深部开采冲击地压频发的实际问题,采用理论分析、数值模拟、现场实测及工程实践等方法对岩浆岩床破裂运动诱发冲击地压机制进行研究。主要结论如下:(1)建立大面积采空区上坚硬岩浆岩顶板的三角悬臂梁理论模型,得到岩浆岩床应力及能量分布特征,推导出岩浆岩顶板破裂运动出现的判别准则,进而构建岩浆岩床破裂运动诱发冲击地压的力学模型;(2)将地表开裂与井下显现情况联合分析,认为坚硬岩浆岩床在浅部采空区上的大面积悬顶以及局部强侵入带构成了静态作用,岩浆岩床破裂及"回转"运动对煤层产生的挤压构成了动态作用,其中动态作用处于主导位置;(3)基于上述研究,分析矿井深部回采工作面微震分布特征,认为岩浆岩床破裂运动能够为冲击地压发生提供动、静载荷,是诱发冲击的关键因素;并从提高巷道围岩抗震能力以及使高能微震事件远离巷道两方面,提出底板深孔爆破和加强支护等治理措施。实践表明,通过采取措施,高能微震事件对巷道的破坏程度明显减弱,保障了岩浆岩床下深部煤层的安全高效开采。
Aiming at the practical problem of frequent rock burst in deep mining after large area goaf in shallow coal seam under huge thick hard magmatic rock beds,the induced mechanism of rock bursts by the fracture movement of magmatic beds was studied based on theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,field measurement and engineering practice. A triangular cantilever beam model of the hard magmatic rock roof above the large area goaf was established,and stress and energy characteristics of the roof were analyzed theoretically. A criterion for the fracture movement of the magmatic rock roof was proposed,and a mechanical model for rock bursts induced by the fracture movement of the roof was established. By considering the surface cracking and underground appearance,the large area overhanging of the hard magmatic rock roof above the shallow goaf and the local strong intrusion zone constitute the static action,and the extrusion of the magmatic rock roof"Rotary"movement and the mining disturbance of the working face constitute the dynamic action. The dynamic action plays a dominant role in rock burst induced by magmatic rock roof during deep coal mining. Analysis of field microseismic monitoring data indicates that the dynamic and static loads,resulted from the fracture movement of the hard magmatic rock roof,are the key factors inducing rock bursts. From two aspects of improving the anti-seismic ability of the roadway itself and keeping the high-energy micro-earthquake event away from the roadway,measures of deep-hole blasting at the floor and strengthening support were put forward,which were proven effective through practices
Aiming at the practical problem of frequent rock burst in deep mining after large area goaf in shallow coal seam under huge thick hard magmatic rock beds,the induced mechanism of rock bursts by the fracture movement of magmatic beds was studied based on theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,field measurement and engineering practice. A triangular cantilever beam model of the hard magmatic rock roof above the large area goaf was established,and stress and energy characteristics of the roof were analyzed theoretically. A criterion for the fracture movement of the magmatic rock roof was proposed,and a mechanical model for rock bursts induced by the fracture movement of the roof was established. By considering the surface cracking and underground appearance,the large area overhanging of the hard magmatic rock roof above the shallow goaf and the local strong intrusion zone constitute the static action,and the extrusion of the magmatic rock roof"Rotary"movement and the mining disturbance of the working face constitute the dynamic action. The dynamic action plays a dominant role in rock burst induced by magmatic rock roof during deep coal mining. Analysis of field microseismic monitoring data indicates that the dynamic and static loads,resulted from the fracture movement of the hard magmatic rock roof,are the key factors inducing rock bursts. From two aspects of improving the anti-seismic ability of the roadway itself and keeping the high-energy micro-earthquake event away from the roadway,measures of deep-hole blasting at the floor and strengthening support were put forward,which were proven effective through practices
引文
[1]潘俊锋,毛德兵,蓝航,等.我国煤矿冲击地压防治技术研究现状及展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2013,41(6):21-25.(PAN Junfeng,MAO Debing,LAN Hang,et al.Study status and prospects of rock burst prevention technology in China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2013,41(6):21-25.(in Chinese))
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:1-8.(QI Qingxin,DOU Linming.Theory and technology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:1-8.(in Chinese))
[3]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1 469-1 476.(DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al.Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1 469-1 476.(in Chinese))
[4]姜耀东,赵毅鑫.我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状:机制、预警与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2 188-2 204.(JIANGYaodong,ZHAO Yixin.State of the art:investigation on mechanism forecast and control of coal bumps in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2 188-2 204.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,刘懿,张益超,等.采场覆岩的“载荷三带”结构模型及其在防冲领域的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2 398-2 408.(JIANG Fuxing,LIU Yi,ZHANG Yichao,et al.Athree-zone structure loading model of overlying strata and its application on rock burst prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2 398-2 408.(in Chinese))
[6]潘一山,韩荣军.巨厚砾岩影响下大型逆冲断层区域微震时空演化规律研究[C]//全国采矿学术会议.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2015:1-12.(PANYishan,HAN Rongjun.Study on temporal and spatial evolution of microseismic megathrust area under the influence of giant thick conglomerate[C]//National Conference on Mining,2015:1-12.(in Chinese))
[7]王宏伟,姜耀东,邓代新,等.义马煤田复杂地质赋存条件下冲击地压诱因研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增2):4 085-4 092.(WANG Hongwei,JIANG Yaodong,DENG Daixin,et al.Investigation on the inducing factors of coal bursts under complicated geological environment in Yima mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Supp.2):4 085-4 092.(in Chinese))
[8]张科学.构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):1 040.(ZHANG Kexue.Mechanism study of coal bump under tectonic and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling conditions in mining roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):1 040.(in Chinese))
[9]王树立,张开智,蒋金泉,等.基于矿震活动规律的重复采动高位硬厚岩层冲击机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):4 172-4 179.(WANG Shuli,ZHANG Kaizhi,JIANG Jinquan,et al.Rock burst mechanism and tremors law of high and thick strata of hard rock during repeated mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.2):4 172-4 179.(in Chinese))
[10]潘俊锋,秦子晗,冯美华,等.岩浆岩床下伏短壁综放面集中静载荷型冲击启动原理[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2 631-2 638.(PANJunfeng,QIN Zihan,FENG Meihua,et al.Start-up principle of concentrated static load type rockburst in short wall work face under magmatic rocks roof[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2 631-2 638.(in Chinese))
[11]杨伟利.煤矿孤岛工作面冲击危险性识别与防冲研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2016.(YANG Weili.Research on coal seam occurance and its dynamic disasters prevention and control technologies under an extremely thick magmatic rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining Technology,2016.(in Chinese))
[12]刘少虹,潘俊锋,王书文,等.岩浆岩侵入区巨厚煤层掘进巷道冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 699-2 711.(LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,WANG Shuwen,et al.Study on the rock burst mechanism of heading roadway in thick coal seam in magmatic intrusion area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 699-2 711.(in Chinese))
[13]王存文,姜福兴,刘金海.构造对冲击地压的控制作用及案例分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增2):263-268.(WANG Cunwen,JIANGFuxing,LIU Jinhai.Analysis on control action of geologic structure on rock burst and typical cases[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.2):263-268.(in Chinese))
[2]齐庆新,窦林名.冲击地压理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008:1-8.(QI Qingxin,DOU Linming.Theory and technology of rockburst[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2008:1-8.(in Chinese))
[3]窦林名,何江,曹安业,等.煤矿冲击矿压动静载叠加原理及其防治[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(7):1 469-1 476.(DOU Linming,HE Jiang,CAO Anye,et al.Rock burst prevention methods based on theory of dynamic and static combined load induced in coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(7):1 469-1 476.(in Chinese))
[4]姜耀东,赵毅鑫.我国煤矿冲击地压的研究现状:机制、预警与控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(11):2 188-2 204.(JIANGYaodong,ZHAO Yixin.State of the art:investigation on mechanism forecast and control of coal bumps in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(11):2 188-2 204.(in Chinese))
[5]姜福兴,刘懿,张益超,等.采场覆岩的“载荷三带”结构模型及其在防冲领域的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2 398-2 408.(JIANG Fuxing,LIU Yi,ZHANG Yichao,et al.Athree-zone structure loading model of overlying strata and its application on rock burst prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2 398-2 408.(in Chinese))
[6]潘一山,韩荣军.巨厚砾岩影响下大型逆冲断层区域微震时空演化规律研究[C]//全国采矿学术会议.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2015:1-12.(PANYishan,HAN Rongjun.Study on temporal and spatial evolution of microseismic megathrust area under the influence of giant thick conglomerate[C]//National Conference on Mining,2015:1-12.(in Chinese))
[7]王宏伟,姜耀东,邓代新,等.义马煤田复杂地质赋存条件下冲击地压诱因研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(增2):4 085-4 092.(WANG Hongwei,JIANG Yaodong,DENG Daixin,et al.Investigation on the inducing factors of coal bursts under complicated geological environment in Yima mining area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(Supp.2):4 085-4 092.(in Chinese))
[8]张科学.构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):1 040.(ZHANG Kexue.Mechanism study of coal bump under tectonic and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling conditions in mining roadway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):1 040.(in Chinese))
[9]王树立,张开智,蒋金泉,等.基于矿震活动规律的重复采动高位硬厚岩层冲击机制探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增2):4 172-4 179.(WANG Shuli,ZHANG Kaizhi,JIANG Jinquan,et al.Rock burst mechanism and tremors law of high and thick strata of hard rock during repeated mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.2):4 172-4 179.(in Chinese))
[10]潘俊锋,秦子晗,冯美华,等.岩浆岩床下伏短壁综放面集中静载荷型冲击启动原理[J].岩土力学,2015,36(9):2 631-2 638.(PANJunfeng,QIN Zihan,FENG Meihua,et al.Start-up principle of concentrated static load type rockburst in short wall work face under magmatic rocks roof[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(9):2 631-2 638.(in Chinese))
[11]杨伟利.煤矿孤岛工作面冲击危险性识别与防冲研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:北京科技大学,2016.(YANG Weili.Research on coal seam occurance and its dynamic disasters prevention and control technologies under an extremely thick magmatic rock[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Mining Technology,2016.(in Chinese))
[12]刘少虹,潘俊锋,王书文,等.岩浆岩侵入区巨厚煤层掘进巷道冲击地压机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(11):2 699-2 711.(LIU Shaohong,PAN Junfeng,WANG Shuwen,et al.Study on the rock burst mechanism of heading roadway in thick coal seam in magmatic intrusion area[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(11):2 699-2 711.(in Chinese))
[13]王存文,姜福兴,刘金海.构造对冲击地压的控制作用及案例分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(增2):263-268.(WANG Cunwen,JIANGFuxing,LIU Jinhai.Analysis on control action of geologic structure on rock burst and typical cases[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(Supp.2):263-268.(in Chinese))