从专利申请和转化探讨大学生的创新意识培养
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摘要
"大众创业、万众创新"是目前我国国家战略之一。高校是国家人才的聚集地,是国家培养人才的重要场所,也是大学生接受创新思维培训的主要基地。大学生的创新意识和创新思维的培养是大学教育的一项非常重要的教学任务,大学生应成为国家科技创新的重要主体。大学生朝气蓬勃,思维活跃,容易接受新的观念、新的事物,在接受专业知识培训的过程中容易产生一些独特的想法和见解。教师指导学生申请专利是培养学生创新意识的重要方法和手段,本文从以下四个方面探讨大学生的创新意识培养:①专利的提出。一个问题的提出本身就具有创新性,当大学生对某一个问题产生疑问时,首先是建立在专业知识的掌握上,是建立在对现有技术不足的认知上,这就需要教师在更高知识层面来帮助学生分析问题。②专利的设计是解决问题的过程。解决问题的过程就是创新的过程,是大学生创新和实践能力的体现。专利的设计应该遵循新颖性、创造性和实用性3个基本条件。③专利的申报有助于培养大学生的科研创新能力和知识产权意识。④专利的转化实现创新价值。专利技术转化是我国科技创新体系中的重要一环,但同时也是最薄弱的一环。高校应该采取应对措施帮助师生顺利的进行专利转化,让学生自己创新性的想法以专利的形式体现出来,并通过对专利申请和转化较为全面的培养和锻炼大学生的创新意识及能力素质。
"Encourage people to start their own businesses and to make innovations" is one of the national strategies of our country. Colleges and universities are the gathering place of national talents, important places for the country to train talents, and the main bases for undergraduates to receive innovative consciousness training. Undergraduates should become an important subject of national science and technology innovation. They are full of vigor, active thinking, easy to accept new ideas, new things, and are prone to generate some unique ideas and insights in the process of receiving professional knowledge training. Teachers should regard the cultivation of innovative consciousness as a crucial teaching task. Guiding students to apply for patents is an important teaching method to cultivate students' innovative consciousness. This article takes the author's patent as an example to discuss the cultivation of college students' innovative consciousness from the following four aspects. ①Patent proposal. The presentation of a problem is inherently innovative. When college students have questions about a certain problem, which is based on the mastery of professional knowledge and the perception of the lack of existing technology. This requires teachers to help students analyze problems at a higher level of knowledge. ②The design of the patent is the process of solving the problem. The process of solving problems is the process of innovation, which is the embodiment of the ability of college students to innovate and practice. The design of patents should follow three basic conditions: novelty, creativity and practicality. ③The declaration of patents helps to cultivate the innovation ability and intellectual property awareness of college students. ④The patent conversion realizes innovative value. The patent conversion is an important part of innovation system, but it is also the weakest link. Colleges and universities should take countermeasures to help teachers and students smoothly carry out patent conversion. Teachers should help undergraduates reflect their innovative ideas in the form of patents. Through the patent application and conversion, college students' innovative awareness and ability will be more comprehensive training and exercise.
"Encourage people to start their own businesses and to make innovations" is one of the national strategies of our country. Colleges and universities are the gathering place of national talents, important places for the country to train talents, and the main bases for undergraduates to receive innovative consciousness training. Undergraduates should become an important subject of national science and technology innovation. They are full of vigor, active thinking, easy to accept new ideas, new things, and are prone to generate some unique ideas and insights in the process of receiving professional knowledge training. Teachers should regard the cultivation of innovative consciousness as a crucial teaching task. Guiding students to apply for patents is an important teaching method to cultivate students' innovative consciousness. This article takes the author's patent as an example to discuss the cultivation of college students' innovative consciousness from the following four aspects. ①Patent proposal. The presentation of a problem is inherently innovative. When college students have questions about a certain problem, which is based on the mastery of professional knowledge and the perception of the lack of existing technology. This requires teachers to help students analyze problems at a higher level of knowledge. ②The design of the patent is the process of solving the problem. The process of solving problems is the process of innovation, which is the embodiment of the ability of college students to innovate and practice. The design of patents should follow three basic conditions: novelty, creativity and practicality. ③The declaration of patents helps to cultivate the innovation ability and intellectual property awareness of college students. ④The patent conversion realizes innovative value. The patent conversion is an important part of innovation system, but it is also the weakest link. Colleges and universities should take countermeasures to help teachers and students smoothly carry out patent conversion. Teachers should help undergraduates reflect their innovative ideas in the form of patents. Through the patent application and conversion, college students' innovative awareness and ability will be more comprehensive training and exercise.
引文
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[17] 董琦昕.科研院所知识产权现状及对策[J].机电产品开发与创新,2017,30(5):17-18,23.
[18] 司富春.多途径加强高校专利技术转化效能[J].教育与职业,2016(9):27-29.
[19] 赵冠艳,冯栋,刘翠伟,等.新形势下安徽省高校专利转化现状及对策建议[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,26(6):52-56,101.
[20] 国家知识产权局办公室,教育部办公厅.高校知识产权信息服务中心建设实施办法[EB/OL].(2017-12-25)[2019-02-20].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-01/07/content_5254106.htm.
[2] 国务院办公厅.关于深化高等学校创新创业教育改革的实施意见[EB/OL].(2015-05-04)[2018-02-04].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/13/content_9740.htm.
[3] 宁桂兰,吴德坤,邓海燕,等.关于中医药院校大学生创新创业意识培养的思考[J].医学教育研究与实践,2019,27(1):17-19,50.
[4] 朱红,马丽娜,钱玉英.美国戴维·格芬医学院医学整合课程和PBL教学对我国老年医学临床教育的启示[J].中华全科医学,2018,16(5):838-841.
[5] 吴丽红,王海燕,郑志超,等.口腔医学本科生创新实验基地建设与运行研究[J].高教学刊,2018(24):23-25.
[6] 刘建航,陈日兰,王瑜,等.标准化与创新性相结合实习管理模式的实践与探索[J].卫生职业教育,2016,34(1):117-118.
[7] 杨晓东.公选课《发明创造与专利申请》教改尝试[J].课程教育研究,2014(34):122-123.
[8] MATTHAY M A,ZEMANS R L,ZIMMERMAN G A,et al.Acute respiratory distress syndrome[J].Nat Rev Dis Primers,2019,5(1):18.
[9] THOMAS M.Ventilator associated events should trump ventilator associated pneumonia[J].J Intensive Care Soc,2016,17(4):358.
[10] GUPTA A,SINGH T K,SAXSENA A.Role of oral care to prevent VAP in mechanically ventilated Intensive Care Unit patients[J].Saudi J Anaesth,2016,10(1):95-97.
[11] LIZY C,SWINNEN W,LABEAU S,et al.Cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes after changes in body position in critically ill patients treated with mechanical ventilation[J].Am J Crit Care,2014,23(1):e1-e8.
[12] NSEIR S,LORENTE L,FERRER M,et al.Continuous control of tracheal cuff pressure for VAP prevention:a collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data[J].Ann Intensive Care,2015,5(1):43.
[13] 第十一届全国人民代表大会常务委员会.中华人民共和国专利法[EB/OL].(2008-12-27)[2019-02-20].http://www.sipo.gov.cn/zcfg/zcfgflfg/flfgzl/fl_zl/1063508.htm.
[14] 钱敏.邂逅灵感,抓住灵感[J].人民周刊,2015(11):47-48.
[15] 吴强.可实时监测气囊压的人工气道:中国,ZL2014 2 0391870.1[P].2014-12-24.
[16] 李鸣,陈承,李兴祥.国内科技成果转化评价研究综述[J].科学管理研究,2015,33(4):42-45.
[17] 董琦昕.科研院所知识产权现状及对策[J].机电产品开发与创新,2017,30(5):17-18,23.
[18] 司富春.多途径加强高校专利技术转化效能[J].教育与职业,2016(9):27-29.
[19] 赵冠艳,冯栋,刘翠伟,等.新形势下安徽省高校专利转化现状及对策建议[J].安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版),2017,26(6):52-56,101.
[20] 国家知识产权局办公室,教育部办公厅.高校知识产权信息服务中心建设实施办法[EB/OL].(2017-12-25)[2019-02-20].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2018-01/07/content_5254106.htm.