用于高性能超级电容器电极的栓皮栎基多孔活性炭的制备
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摘要
本研究以空腔细胞组成的栓皮栎为原料, KOH为活化剂制备了具有多孔结构的栓皮栎软木基多孔活性炭。以此方法制得的活性炭呈薄片状外形,最大比表面积达到2312 m2/g,具有特殊的微孔-介孔结构。在呈碱性的KOH三电极体系中, 0.1 A/g电流密度时比电容达296 F/g;两电极体系中, 5 A/g时的比电容达到201 F/g,循环5000次后电容保持率达99.5%。在呈中性的Na2SO4两电极体系中,电流密度0.5 A/g (174 F/g)至50 A/g (140 F/g)时电容保持率达80.5%,倍率性能良好,能量密度高达19.62 Wh/kg。
The quercus variabilis cork made up of cavity cells is used as raw material.Herein,the cork-derived activated carbon with the various pores was successfully prepared by the facile carbonization of cork followed by chemical activation.The as-prepared activated carbon sheets possess large specific surface area(2312 m~2/g)and unique interconnected pores.As a result,it shows excellent electrochemical performance as electrode material for supercapacitors.In three electrode system of KOH,it exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g.The assembled symmetric supercapacitor shows a high specific capacitance of 201 F/g at 5 A/g with a good cycling stability of 99.5%capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.In two electrode system of Na_2SO_4,the symmetric supercapacitor displays a good rate performance of 80.5%retention from 0.5 A/g(174 F/g)to 50 A/g(140 F/g)and a high energy density of 19.62 Wh/kg.
The quercus variabilis cork made up of cavity cells is used as raw material.Herein,the cork-derived activated carbon with the various pores was successfully prepared by the facile carbonization of cork followed by chemical activation.The as-prepared activated carbon sheets possess large specific surface area(2312 m~2/g)and unique interconnected pores.As a result,it shows excellent electrochemical performance as electrode material for supercapacitors.In three electrode system of KOH,it exhibits a high specific capacitance of 296 F/g at a current density of 0.1 A/g.The assembled symmetric supercapacitor shows a high specific capacitance of 201 F/g at 5 A/g with a good cycling stability of 99.5%capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.In two electrode system of Na_2SO_4,the symmetric supercapacitor displays a good rate performance of 80.5%retention from 0.5 A/g(174 F/g)to 50 A/g(140 F/g)and a high energy density of 19.62 Wh/kg.
引文
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[2]HAO Y X,QIAN M,XU J J,et al.Synthesis,microstructure and superconductivity of cotton-based porous carbon materials.Journal of Inorganic Materials,2018,33(1):93-99.
[3]SEVILLA M,MOKAYA R.Energy storage applications of activated carbons:supercapacitors and hydrogen storage.Energy&Environmental Science,2014,7(4):1250-1280.
[4]WICKRAMARATNE N P,XU J,WANG M,et al.Nitrogen enriched porous carbon spheres:attractive materials for supercapacitor electrodes and CO2 adsorption.Chemistry of Materials,2014,26(9):2820-2828.
[5]ZHAI Y,DOU Y,ZHAO D,et al.Carbon materials for chemical capacitive energy storage.Advanced Materials,2011,23(42):4828-4850.
[6]ZHANG L L,ZHAO X S.Carbon-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes.Chemical Society Reviews,2009,38(9):2520-2531.
[7]TIAN X,MA H,LI Z,et al.Flute type micropores activated carbon from cotton stalk for high performance supercapacitors.Journal of Power Sources,2017,359:88-96.
[8]YU K,ZHU H,QI H,et al.High surface area carbon materials derived from corn stalk core as electrode for supercapacitor.Diamond and Related Materials,2018,88:18-22.
[9]YANG C S,JANG Y S,JEONG H K.Bamboo-based activated carbon for supercapacitor applications.Curr.Appl.Phys.,2014,14(12):1616-1620.
[10]CHEN C,ZHANG Y,LI Y,et al.All-wood,low tortuosity,aqueous,biodegradable supercapacitors with ultra-high capacitance.Energy&Environmental Science,2017,10(2):538-545.
[11]YANG R,WANG Y,LI M,et al.A new carbon/ferrous sulfide/iron composite prepared by an in situ carbonization reduction method from hemp(Cannabis sativa L.)stems and its Cr(VI)removal ability.ACS Sustainable Chemistry&Engineering,2014,2(5):1270-1279.
[12]YU Z F,WANG X Z,HOU Y N,et al.Preparation of nitrogendoped porous carbon by molten salt method and its catalytic desulfurization performance.Journal of Inorganic Materials,2017,32(7):770-776.
[13]ATANES E,NIETO-MáRQUEZ A,CAMBRA A,et al.Adsorption of SO2 onto waste cork powder-derived activated carbons.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,211(22):60-67.
[14]JAIN A,BALASUBRAMANIAN R,SRINIVASAN M P.Production of high surface area mesoporous activated carbons from waste biomass using hydrogen peroxide-mediated hydrothermal treatment for adsorption applications.Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,273:622-629.
[15]KIM M J,JUNG M J,KIM M I,et al.Adsorption characteristics of toluene gas using fluorinated phenol-based activated carbons.Applied Chemistry for Engineering,2015,26(5):587-592.
[16]ROSAS J M,RUIZ-ROSAS R,RODRíGUEZ-MIRASOL J,et al.Kinetic study of SO2,removal over lignin-based activated carbon.Chemical Engineering Journal,2017,307:707-721.
[17]LULAI E C,CORSINI D L.Differential deposition of suberin phenolic and aliphatic domains and their roles in resistance to infection during potato tuber(Solanum tuberosum L.)wound-healing.Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology,1998,53(4):209-222.
[18]PILAO R,RAMALHO E,PINHO C.Overall characterization of cork dust explosion.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,133(1):183-195.
[19]YANG H P,YAN R,CHEN H P,et al.Characteristics of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin pyrolysis.Fuel,2007,86(12):1781-1788.
[20]CORDEIRO N,BELGACEM N M,GANDINI A,et al.Cork suberin as a new source of chemicals:2.Crystallinity,thermal and rheological properties.Bioresource Technology,1998,63(2):153-158.
[21]JIANG G,NOWAKOWSKI D J,BRIDGWATER A V.A systematic study of the kinetics of lignin pyrolysis.Thermochimica Acta,2010,498(1):61-66.
[22]JOHN M J,THOMAS S.Biofibres and biocomposites.Carbohydrate Polymers,2008,71(3):343-364.
[23]RAYMUNDO-PI?ERO E,LEROUX F,BéGUIN F.A highperformance carbon for supercapacitors obtained by carbonization of a seaweed biopolymer.Advanced Materials,2006,18(14):1877-1882.
[24]LI Y,ZHAO Y,CHENG H,et al.Nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots with oxygen-rich functional groups.Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011,134(1):15-18.
[25]BINIAK S,SZYMA?SKI G,SIEDLEWSKI J,et al.The characterization of activated carbons with oxygen and nitrogen surface groups.Carbon,1997,35(12):1799-1810.
[26]ZHAO Y F,RAN W,HE J,et al.Oxygen-rich hierarchical porous carbon derived from artemia cyst shells with superior electrochemical performance.ACS Applied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7(2):1132-1139.
[27]ZHU H,WANG X L,YANG F,et al.Promising carbons for supercapacitors derived from fungi.Advanced Materials,2011,23(24):2745-2748.
[28]JIANG L,SHENG L,LONG C,et al.Functional pillared graphene frameworks for ultrahigh volumetric performance supercapacitors.Advanced Energy Materials,2015,5(15):1500771-1-9.
[29]XU B,HOU S,CAO G,et al.Sustainable nitrogen-doped porous carbon with high surface areas prepared from gelatin for supercapacitors.Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(36):19088-19093.
[30]ZHONG C,DENG Y D,HU W B,et al.A review of electrolyte materials and compositions for electrochemical supercapacitors.Chemical Society Reviews,2015,44(21):7484-7539.
[31]YU A,CHABOT V,ZHANG J.Electrochemical supercapacitors for energy storage and delivery:fundamentals and applications.CRC Press,2013.
[32]WANG Q,YAN J,WANG Y B,et al.Three-dimensional flower-like and hierarchical porous carbon materials as high-rate performance electrodes for supercapacitors.Carbon,2014,67(2):119-127.
[33]SUN G L,LI B,RAN J B,et al.Three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon/graphene composites derived from graphene oxidechitosan hydrogels for high performance supercapacitors.Electrochimica Acta,2015,171:13-22.
[34]LONG C L,CHEN X,JIANG L L,et al.Porous layer-stacking carbon derived from in-built template in biomass for high volumetric performance supercapacitors.Nano Energy,2015,12:141-151.
[35]YAN,J,WANG,Q,WEI T,FAN Z J.Recent advances in design and fabrication of electrochemical supercapacitors with high energy densities.Adv.Energy Mater.,2014,4(4):1300816-1-43.