混合润滑下螺旋锥齿轮抗胶合能力分析
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摘要
针对螺旋锥齿轮重载下热胶合失效问题,对螺旋锥齿轮在混合润滑条件下的摩擦热行为进行分析.通过混合弹流润滑数值计算方法和基于有限元的热分析方法,综合考虑螺旋锥齿轮的表面粗糙度、载荷分担、速度矢量和真实接触几何等因素建立点接触混合润滑分析模型,计算啮合轨迹上的连续摩擦系数变化和摩擦热流率,采用有限元分析软件进行齿面热载荷的加载,考虑轮齿导热和齿面与环境的热对流,分析轮齿本体温度场分布和啮合过程中闪温变化.根据齿面最大接触温度与国际标准ISO 6336-20中齿轮抗胶合能力计算方法进行比较分析.结果表明:有限元热分析得到的齿面温度与ISO所得变化规律十分接近,其最大温度低于ISO标准计算温度,使用ISO标准计算出螺旋锥齿轮抗胶合安全系数小于有限元法.在混合润滑下求解的齿面热流率和温度变化,并且考虑了齿轮热传导和热对流影响,从理论上来说有限元法更加符合实际工作情况. ISO方法在处理上述问题以及计算本体温度上仍有不足,但其在齿轮抗胶合能力校核上具有广泛的适用性,可考虑结合有限元热分析法解决传热问题同时进行抗胶合能力综合评价.
In order to analyze the thermal scuffing failure under heavy load, the thermal behavior due to friction power loss was investigated in mixed lubrication regime for spiral bevel gears. This method integrated the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) analysis results with the finite element method(FEM) based on thermal analysis.The EHL model of point contact was conducted to solve the friction and heat flux along the contact path by taking into account the machine roughness, load shearing, velocity vector and contact geometry. A single tooth model form FEM was utilized to analyze the bulk and flash temperature by considering the heat conduct and heat convection. Comparative analysis of scuffing load capacity using ISO 6336-20 standard and FEM results for spiral bevel gears was carried out.The results show that the variation of temperature solved with conjunct method was under the ISO standard, and the change law of FEM results was very close to the ISO standard. In theory, the conjunct method solved the heat flux and temperature was more coincident with the actual work condition under heat conduction and heat convection. The ISO standard was weak in solving above mentioned peculiarities and bulk temperature, but it had wide applicability. It was useful to integrate the finite element thermal analysis with ISO standard for estimating the load capacity of spiral bevel gears in economy and applicability.
In order to analyze the thermal scuffing failure under heavy load, the thermal behavior due to friction power loss was investigated in mixed lubrication regime for spiral bevel gears. This method integrated the mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) analysis results with the finite element method(FEM) based on thermal analysis.The EHL model of point contact was conducted to solve the friction and heat flux along the contact path by taking into account the machine roughness, load shearing, velocity vector and contact geometry. A single tooth model form FEM was utilized to analyze the bulk and flash temperature by considering the heat conduct and heat convection. Comparative analysis of scuffing load capacity using ISO 6336-20 standard and FEM results for spiral bevel gears was carried out.The results show that the variation of temperature solved with conjunct method was under the ISO standard, and the change law of FEM results was very close to the ISO standard. In theory, the conjunct method solved the heat flux and temperature was more coincident with the actual work condition under heat conduction and heat convection. The ISO standard was weak in solving above mentioned peculiarities and bulk temperature, but it had wide applicability. It was useful to integrate the finite element thermal analysis with ISO standard for estimating the load capacity of spiral bevel gears in economy and applicability.
引文
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[10]Cao Wei,Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,et al.Effect of contact path on the mixed lubrication performance,friction and contact fatigue in spiral bevel gears[J].Tribology International,2018,123:359-371.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.03.015.
[11]Wang Yanzhong,Tang Wen,Chen Yanyan,et al.Investigation into the meshing friction heat generation and transient thermal characteristics of spiral bevel gears[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119:245-253.doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.071.
[12]Yan Hongzhi,Zhou Tengfei,Huang Guobing,et al.Tooth surface temperature rise analysis of spiral bevel gear during dry running[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2016,(7):22-26(in Chinese)[严宏志,周腾飞,黄国兵,等.干运行螺旋锥齿轮齿面温升分析[J].机械传动,2016,(7):22-26].
[13]Wang Yanzhong,Zhou Yuanzi,Chen Conghui,et al.Thermal tribology analysis of spiral bevel gears in EHD lubrication[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(10):2382-2387(in Chinese)[王延忠,周元子,陈聪慧,等.弹流润滑螺旋锥齿轮热摩擦行为分析[J].航空动力学报,2011,26(10):2382-2387].
[14]Litvin F L,Fuentes A.Gear geometry and applied theory[M].London:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[15]Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,Zhou Guangwu,et al.Progressive mesh densification(PMD)method in elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts with arbitrary entrainment[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiao Tong University,2014,48(9):95-100(in Chinese)[蒲伟,王家序,周广武,等.卷吸速度方向与椭圆短轴成一夹角的弹流润滑渐近网格加密算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(9):95-100].doi:10.7652/xjtuxb201409016.
[16]Wang Shun,Wang Wenzhong,Hu Yuanzhong,et al.Prediction of sliding friction force of rough surfaces in lubricated point contacts[J].Tribology,2007,27(2):152-155(in Chinese)[王顺,王文中,胡元中,等.点接触润滑粗糙表面滑动摩擦力的预测研究[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(2):152-155].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2007.02.012.
[17]Bair S,Winer WO.A rheological model for elastohydrodynamic contacts based on primary laboratory data[J].Journal of Tribology,1979,101(3):258-264.
[18]Cao Wei,Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,et al.Study of frication coefficient and mesh efficiency in spiral bevel gears[J].Tribology,2018,38(3):247-255(in Chinese)[曹伟,蒲伟,王家序,等.螺旋锥齿轮摩擦系数与啮合效率研究[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(3):247-255].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2018.03.001.
[19]Fan Qi.Ease-off and application in tooth contact analysis for facemilled and face-hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gears.In:Goldfarb V,Barmina N(eds).Theory and practice of gearing and transmissions.Mechanisms and machine science,vol 34[M].Switzerland:Springer International Publishing,2016:321-339.
[20]Castro J,Seabra J.Influence of mass temperature on gear scuffing[J].Tribology International,2018,119:27-37.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.10.032.
[2]Wei Wenshan.A study on lubrication condition of spiral bevel gear in aeroengine[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,1998,13(3):298-301(in Chinese)[魏文山.航空发动机螺旋锥齿轮的润滑状态研究[J].航空动力学报,1998,13(3):298-301].
[3]Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,Yang Rongsong,et al.Mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication with three-dimensional machined roughness in spiral bevel and hypoid gears[J].Journal of Tribology,2015,137(4):041503.doi:10.1115/1.4030185.
[4]Pu Wei,Zhu D,Wang Jiaxu,et al.Rolling-sliding contact fatigue of surfaces with sinusoidal roughness[J].International Journal of Fatigue,2016,90:57-68.doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.04.007.
[5]ISO/TS 6336-20 Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears.Part 20:Calculation of scuffing load capacity-flash temperature method[S].Geneva:ISO,2017:1-42
[6]Xue Jianhua,Li Wei,Qin Caiyan.The scuffing load capacity of involute spur gear systems based on dynamic loads and transient thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication[J].Tribology International,2014,79(79):74-83.
[7]Xue Jianhua,Li Wei.Research on gear system scuffing load capacity and its numerical calculation methods[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2014,34(9):901-906(in Chinese)[薛建华,李威.齿轮热胶合承载能力数值计算方法研究[J].北京理工大学学报,2014,34(9):901-906].
[8]Gu Jiangong,Fang Zongde,Fu Bibo,et al.Study on surface flash temperature for spiral bevel gears under condition of mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2010,25(12):2846-2850(in Chinese)[谷建功,方宗德,扶碧波,等.混合弹流润滑下弧齿锥齿轮齿面闪温研究[J].航空动力学报,2010,25(12):2846-2850].
[9]Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,Zhu Dong.Friction and flash temperature prediction of mixed lubrication in elliptical contacts with arbitrary velocity vector[J].Tribology International,2016,99:38-46.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2016.03.017.
[10]Cao Wei,Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,et al.Effect of contact path on the mixed lubrication performance,friction and contact fatigue in spiral bevel gears[J].Tribology International,2018,123:359-371.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2018.03.015.
[11]Wang Yanzhong,Tang Wen,Chen Yanyan,et al.Investigation into the meshing friction heat generation and transient thermal characteristics of spiral bevel gears[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119:245-253.doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.03.071.
[12]Yan Hongzhi,Zhou Tengfei,Huang Guobing,et al.Tooth surface temperature rise analysis of spiral bevel gear during dry running[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2016,(7):22-26(in Chinese)[严宏志,周腾飞,黄国兵,等.干运行螺旋锥齿轮齿面温升分析[J].机械传动,2016,(7):22-26].
[13]Wang Yanzhong,Zhou Yuanzi,Chen Conghui,et al.Thermal tribology analysis of spiral bevel gears in EHD lubrication[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2011,26(10):2382-2387(in Chinese)[王延忠,周元子,陈聪慧,等.弹流润滑螺旋锥齿轮热摩擦行为分析[J].航空动力学报,2011,26(10):2382-2387].
[14]Litvin F L,Fuentes A.Gear geometry and applied theory[M].London:Cambridge University Press,2004.
[15]Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,Zhou Guangwu,et al.Progressive mesh densification(PMD)method in elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts with arbitrary entrainment[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiao Tong University,2014,48(9):95-100(in Chinese)[蒲伟,王家序,周广武,等.卷吸速度方向与椭圆短轴成一夹角的弹流润滑渐近网格加密算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(9):95-100].doi:10.7652/xjtuxb201409016.
[16]Wang Shun,Wang Wenzhong,Hu Yuanzhong,et al.Prediction of sliding friction force of rough surfaces in lubricated point contacts[J].Tribology,2007,27(2):152-155(in Chinese)[王顺,王文中,胡元中,等.点接触润滑粗糙表面滑动摩擦力的预测研究[J].摩擦学学报,2007,27(2):152-155].doi:10.3321/j.issn:1004-0595.2007.02.012.
[17]Bair S,Winer WO.A rheological model for elastohydrodynamic contacts based on primary laboratory data[J].Journal of Tribology,1979,101(3):258-264.
[18]Cao Wei,Pu Wei,Wang Jiaxu,et al.Study of frication coefficient and mesh efficiency in spiral bevel gears[J].Tribology,2018,38(3):247-255(in Chinese)[曹伟,蒲伟,王家序,等.螺旋锥齿轮摩擦系数与啮合效率研究[J].摩擦学学报,2018,38(3):247-255].doi:10.16078/j.tribology.2018.03.001.
[19]Fan Qi.Ease-off and application in tooth contact analysis for facemilled and face-hobbed spiral bevel and hypoid gears.In:Goldfarb V,Barmina N(eds).Theory and practice of gearing and transmissions.Mechanisms and machine science,vol 34[M].Switzerland:Springer International Publishing,2016:321-339.
[20]Castro J,Seabra J.Influence of mass temperature on gear scuffing[J].Tribology International,2018,119:27-37.doi:10.1016/j.triboint.2017.10.032.