失地农民生活满意度测度及影响因素研究——以南京市仙林新村为例
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摘要
改革开放以来,伴随着城镇化快速推进带来的城镇建设空间扩张和农村土地被征用现象的普遍化,相伴而来的失地农民问题逐渐成为提高城镇化质量亟需解决的重要难题。新型城镇化背景下,推动"以人为本"的市民化进程是提高城镇化质量的重要举措,而实现失地农民市民化的核心在于提高失地农民的生活满意度。以21世纪初期征地拆迁的南京市仙林新村为例,通过对失地农民问卷调查获取相关数据,并在已有研究基础上,对失地农民生活满意度状况及影响因素进行定量研究。结果表明,仙林新村失地农民的生活满意度并不高,总体得分仅为64.90;采用因子分析法的影响因素研究发现,经济因素对失地农民生活满意度的影响并不显著,征地拆迁过程、政府作用、社区环境及个人感知等因素的影响较为明显。
The citizenization of landless peasants is one of the hot topics about new urbanization nowadays,as well as an important scientific issue in human geography. Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of urbanization in China,many rural-urban borders are eroded. With a large number of farmers being moved away from rural to urban areas and being landless peasants,the problem about landless peasants gradually emerged and becomes an important problem for improving the quality of urbanization. In spite of many farmers becoming citizens in the administrative aspect,but due to low land compensation,inadequate social security and the exclusion of civil society, many landless peasants face problems of declining living standards,unstable employment,problematic identity recognition and other issues. Under the background of new urbanization,it is an important measure to improve the quality of urbanization by promoting the process of "people-oriented "citizenization process,and the core of realizing the citizenization process of landless peasants is improving the life satisfaction of landless peasants. This article taking Xianlin Village in Nanjing as a study area,and obtaining the relevant data for article research through the questionnaire survey of landless peasants,we construct an index system to measure the life satisfaction of landless peasants based on the existing research results,then we analysis the affecting factors about life satisfaction of landless peasants by factor analysis. The results show that the life satisfaction of landless peasants in Xianlin Village is not high,the average score is only 64. 90. In addition,it is found that the economic factors have no significant effect on the life satisfaction of landless peasants,the impact of land acquisition and demolition process,government role,community environment and personal perception and other factors are more significant.
The citizenization of landless peasants is one of the hot topics about new urbanization nowadays,as well as an important scientific issue in human geography. Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of urbanization in China,many rural-urban borders are eroded. With a large number of farmers being moved away from rural to urban areas and being landless peasants,the problem about landless peasants gradually emerged and becomes an important problem for improving the quality of urbanization. In spite of many farmers becoming citizens in the administrative aspect,but due to low land compensation,inadequate social security and the exclusion of civil society, many landless peasants face problems of declining living standards,unstable employment,problematic identity recognition and other issues. Under the background of new urbanization,it is an important measure to improve the quality of urbanization by promoting the process of "people-oriented "citizenization process,and the core of realizing the citizenization process of landless peasants is improving the life satisfaction of landless peasants. This article taking Xianlin Village in Nanjing as a study area,and obtaining the relevant data for article research through the questionnaire survey of landless peasants,we construct an index system to measure the life satisfaction of landless peasants based on the existing research results,then we analysis the affecting factors about life satisfaction of landless peasants by factor analysis. The results show that the life satisfaction of landless peasants in Xianlin Village is not high,the average score is only 64. 90. In addition,it is found that the economic factors have no significant effect on the life satisfaction of landless peasants,the impact of land acquisition and demolition process,government role,community environment and personal perception and other factors are more significant.
引文
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[3]闫东升,陈雯,李平星.基于人口分布空间特征的市民化压力研究[J].地理研究,2015,34(9):1733-1743.YAN D S,CHEN W,LI P X.Research of citizenship pressure based on the spatial pattern of population[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(9):1733-1743.
[4]李昕,文婧,林坚.土地城镇化及相关问题研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(8):1042-1049.LI X,WEN J,LIN J.Review of Research on Land Urbanization and Related Studies[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(8):1042-1049.
[5]EDWARD G.Triumph of the city:How our greatest invention makes us richer,smarter,greener,healthier,and happier[M].Penguin Press,2011.
[6]文军.“被市民化”及其问题——对城郊农民市民化的再反思[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012(4):7-12.WEN J.On the passive urbanization of suburban farmers[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2012(4):7-12.
[7]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.LI Y R,WANG J,LIU Y S,et al.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China:A prefecture level exploratory spatial data analysis[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.
[8]曲福田,田光明.城乡统筹与农村集体土地产权制度改革[J].管理世界,2011(9):34-46.QU F T,TIAN G M.The coordination urban growth between rural development,and the reform of the system of the property right of the rural collective land[J].Management World,2011(6):34-46.
[9]边雪,陈昊宇,曹广忠.基于人口、产业和用地结构关系的城镇化模式类型及演进特征——以长三角地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2281-2291.BIAN X,CHEN H Y,CAO G Z.Patterns of regional urbanization and its implications:An empirical study of the Yangtze River Delta region.Geographical Research,2013,32(12):2281-2291.
[10]张曙光.城市化背景下土地产权的实施和保护[J].管理世界,2007(12)31-47.ZHANG S G.Implementation and protection of property rights under the background of urbanization of land[J].Management world,2007(12):31-47.
[11]李永友,徐楠.个体特征、制度性因素与失地农民市民化——基于浙江省富阳等地调查数据的实证考察[J].管理世界,2011(1):62-70.LI Y Y,XU N.Individual characteristics,institutional factors and landless farmers’urbanization:Based on survey data,Fuyang,Zhejiang and other places of empirical investigation[J].Management World,2011,27(1):62-70.
[12]李浩昇.善待与接纳:对昆山市农民工市民化经验的解读[J].人口研究,2008,32(6):59-68.LI H S.Acceptance and acceptance:An interpretation of the experience of peasant workers in Kunshan[J].Population Research,2008,32(6):59-68.
[13]张志强,唐轲,王青.失地农民生活满意度及其影响因素分析——以杨凌区为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(4):55-60.ZHANG Z Q,TANG K,WANG Q.Analysis of landless peasants’life satisfaction and its determinants:Tanking Yangling as an example[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition),2013,13(4):55-60.
[14]冀县卿,钱忠好.基于市民化后失地农民视角的征地制度满意度研究:来自江苏省的调查数据[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(11):8-13.JI X Q,QIAN Z H.Assessing the satisfaction at land expropriation system from the perspective of land-lost farmers:Evidence from Jiangsu Province[J].China Land Science,2011,25(11):8-13.
[15]郭玲霞,高贵现,彭开丽.基于Logistic模型的失地农民土地征收意愿影响因素研究[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1484-1491.GUO L X,GAO G X,PENG K L.Research on the affecting factors of landless farmers’land acquisition will:Based on Logistic model[J].Resources Science,2012,34(8):1484-1492.
[16]郑春雪.自谋职业中“受雇型”失地农民就业满意度研究——以鞍山市为例[D].大连理工大学,2011.ZHENG C X.Research on the degree of job satisfaction of employment by others land-expropriated farmers:The case of Anshan city[D].Dalian University of Technology,2011.
[17]周洁,姚萍,黄贤金,等.基于模糊物元模型的南京市失地农民可持续生计评价[J].中国土地科学,2013,27(11):72-79.ZHOU J,YAO P,HUANG X J,et al.Sustainable livelihoods evaluation of land-lost farmers based on fuzzy matter-element model:A case study of Nanjing[J].China Land Sciences,2013,27(11):72-79.
[18]陈程.贵州省城镇化进程中失地农民生活满意度研究[D].贵州大学,2015.CHEN C.Investigation on satisfaction degree of landless farmers in life in the course of urbanization in Guizhou Province[D].Guizhou University,2015.
[19]杨佳良,李录堂,汪红梅.陕西关中地区失地农民社会保障满意度的影响因素分析[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(4):229-234.YANG J L,LI L T,WANG H M.Analysis on influencing factors of land-requisitioned peasants social security satisfaction in central Shaanxi area[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(4):229-234.
[20]王慧博.失地农民市民化满意度分析[J].江西社会科学,2013(7):196-203.WANG H B.Analysis on the satisfaction of landless peasants[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,2013(7):196-203.
[21]苗倩娜.基于可拓理论的失地农民满意度评价研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2013.MIAO Q N.The satisfaction evaluation of landless peasants based on extension theory research[D].Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013.
[22]罗时力.金家林工业集中区失地农民生活满意度影响分析[D].四川农业大学,2015.LUO S L.Analysis on the influence of life satisfaction of landless peasants in Jinjialin industrial concentration zone[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.
[23]吴丽.失地农民幸福感研究——基于社会生态学视角[D].浙江大学,2009.WU L.The study of well-being of land-lost farmers:Based on the perspective of human ecology[D].Zhejiang University,2009.
[24]张晓冬.失地农民生活满意度及其影响因素研究——基于雅安市雨城区的个案调查[D].四川农业大学,2011.ZHANG X D.Study on land-lost farmers’life satisfaction and its influencing factors:Based on the case of Y district of Y city[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2011.
[25]曾亿武.失地农民权益保障满意度的影响因素分析——基于广东揭阳140个失地农户的调查数据[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,13(2):49-53.ZENG Y W,YANG Z K.Influencing factors of landless farmers’satisfaction with safeguarding of rights and interests:Based on investigation of 140households of Jieyang,Guangdong province[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Social Science),2012,13(2):49-53.
[26]赵丹,黄莉鳗.失地农民生活满意度及影响因素[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):93-90.ZHAO D,HUANG L M.Land-lost farmers:Life satisfaction and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition),2014,14(3):93-90.
[27]陈伟.失地农民生活满意度的测度及影响因素研究——基于赣州经济技术开发区调查数据[D].福建师范大学,2015.CHEN W.Study on measurement and influencing factors of life satisfactionon land-lost peasants:Based on the survey of Ganzhou economic and technological development zone[D].Fujian Normal University,2015.
[28]李旭,陈德广,周伟伟.基于因子分析法的开封市菊展游客满意度研究[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(5):166-170.LI X,CHEN D G,ZHOU W W.Study on tourists’satisfaction with Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Exposition based on factor analysis[J].Areal Research and Development,2012,31(5):166-170.
(1)相关数据来源于实地访谈.
(1)被访者年龄较大基于以下考虑:由于仙林新村征地拆迁已经近20 a时间,本文研究失地农民生活满意度及影响因素,问卷调研对象为征地拆迁之前身份为农民且以农业为职业的居民,故调研选取的样本年龄相对较大.
(2)http://nj.house.sina.com.cn/news/2015-08-21/06576040265184759827578.shtml
(1)采用等距离赋值法,如5个等级分别赋值为20/40/60/80/100,4个等级则分别赋值为25/50/75/100.
[2]陈雯,闫东升,孙伟.长江三角洲新型城镇化发展问题与态势的判断[J].地理研究,2015,34(2):397-406.CHEN W,YAN D S,SUN W.Analyzing the patterns and processes of new urbanization development in the Yangtze River Delta[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(2):397-406.
[3]闫东升,陈雯,李平星.基于人口分布空间特征的市民化压力研究[J].地理研究,2015,34(9):1733-1743.YAN D S,CHEN W,LI P X.Research of citizenship pressure based on the spatial pattern of population[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(9):1733-1743.
[4]李昕,文婧,林坚.土地城镇化及相关问题研究综述[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(8):1042-1049.LI X,WEN J,LIN J.Review of Research on Land Urbanization and Related Studies[J].Progress in Geography,2012,31(8):1042-1049.
[5]EDWARD G.Triumph of the city:How our greatest invention makes us richer,smarter,greener,healthier,and happier[M].Penguin Press,2011.
[6]文军.“被市民化”及其问题——对城郊农民市民化的再反思[J].华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012(4):7-12.WEN J.On the passive urbanization of suburban farmers[J].Journal of East China Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences),2012(4):7-12.
[7]李裕瑞,王婧,刘彦随,等.中国“四化”协调发展的区域格局及其影响因素[J].地理学报,2014,69(2):199-212.LI Y R,WANG J,LIU Y S,et al.Spatial pattern and influencing factors of the coordination development of industrialization,informatization,urbanization and agricultural modernization in China:A prefecture level exploratory spatial data analysis[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(2):199-212.
[8]曲福田,田光明.城乡统筹与农村集体土地产权制度改革[J].管理世界,2011(9):34-46.QU F T,TIAN G M.The coordination urban growth between rural development,and the reform of the system of the property right of the rural collective land[J].Management World,2011(6):34-46.
[9]边雪,陈昊宇,曹广忠.基于人口、产业和用地结构关系的城镇化模式类型及演进特征——以长三角地区为例[J].地理研究,2013,32(12):2281-2291.BIAN X,CHEN H Y,CAO G Z.Patterns of regional urbanization and its implications:An empirical study of the Yangtze River Delta region.Geographical Research,2013,32(12):2281-2291.
[10]张曙光.城市化背景下土地产权的实施和保护[J].管理世界,2007(12)31-47.ZHANG S G.Implementation and protection of property rights under the background of urbanization of land[J].Management world,2007(12):31-47.
[11]李永友,徐楠.个体特征、制度性因素与失地农民市民化——基于浙江省富阳等地调查数据的实证考察[J].管理世界,2011(1):62-70.LI Y Y,XU N.Individual characteristics,institutional factors and landless farmers’urbanization:Based on survey data,Fuyang,Zhejiang and other places of empirical investigation[J].Management World,2011,27(1):62-70.
[12]李浩昇.善待与接纳:对昆山市农民工市民化经验的解读[J].人口研究,2008,32(6):59-68.LI H S.Acceptance and acceptance:An interpretation of the experience of peasant workers in Kunshan[J].Population Research,2008,32(6):59-68.
[13]张志强,唐轲,王青.失地农民生活满意度及其影响因素分析——以杨凌区为例[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2013,13(4):55-60.ZHANG Z Q,TANG K,WANG Q.Analysis of landless peasants’life satisfaction and its determinants:Tanking Yangling as an example[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition),2013,13(4):55-60.
[14]冀县卿,钱忠好.基于市民化后失地农民视角的征地制度满意度研究:来自江苏省的调查数据[J].中国土地科学,2011,25(11):8-13.JI X Q,QIAN Z H.Assessing the satisfaction at land expropriation system from the perspective of land-lost farmers:Evidence from Jiangsu Province[J].China Land Science,2011,25(11):8-13.
[15]郭玲霞,高贵现,彭开丽.基于Logistic模型的失地农民土地征收意愿影响因素研究[J].资源科学,2012,34(8):1484-1491.GUO L X,GAO G X,PENG K L.Research on the affecting factors of landless farmers’land acquisition will:Based on Logistic model[J].Resources Science,2012,34(8):1484-1492.
[16]郑春雪.自谋职业中“受雇型”失地农民就业满意度研究——以鞍山市为例[D].大连理工大学,2011.ZHENG C X.Research on the degree of job satisfaction of employment by others land-expropriated farmers:The case of Anshan city[D].Dalian University of Technology,2011.
[17]周洁,姚萍,黄贤金,等.基于模糊物元模型的南京市失地农民可持续生计评价[J].中国土地科学,2013,27(11):72-79.ZHOU J,YAO P,HUANG X J,et al.Sustainable livelihoods evaluation of land-lost farmers based on fuzzy matter-element model:A case study of Nanjing[J].China Land Sciences,2013,27(11):72-79.
[18]陈程.贵州省城镇化进程中失地农民生活满意度研究[D].贵州大学,2015.CHEN C.Investigation on satisfaction degree of landless farmers in life in the course of urbanization in Guizhou Province[D].Guizhou University,2015.
[19]杨佳良,李录堂,汪红梅.陕西关中地区失地农民社会保障满意度的影响因素分析[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(4):229-234.YANG J L,LI L T,WANG H M.Analysis on influencing factors of land-requisitioned peasants social security satisfaction in central Shaanxi area[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2014,42(4):229-234.
[20]王慧博.失地农民市民化满意度分析[J].江西社会科学,2013(7):196-203.WANG H B.Analysis on the satisfaction of landless peasants[J].Jiangxi Social Sciences,2013(7):196-203.
[21]苗倩娜.基于可拓理论的失地农民满意度评价研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2013.MIAO Q N.The satisfaction evaluation of landless peasants based on extension theory research[D].Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,2013.
[22]罗时力.金家林工业集中区失地农民生活满意度影响分析[D].四川农业大学,2015.LUO S L.Analysis on the influence of life satisfaction of landless peasants in Jinjialin industrial concentration zone[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.
[23]吴丽.失地农民幸福感研究——基于社会生态学视角[D].浙江大学,2009.WU L.The study of well-being of land-lost farmers:Based on the perspective of human ecology[D].Zhejiang University,2009.
[24]张晓冬.失地农民生活满意度及其影响因素研究——基于雅安市雨城区的个案调查[D].四川农业大学,2011.ZHANG X D.Study on land-lost farmers’life satisfaction and its influencing factors:Based on the case of Y district of Y city[D].Sichuan Agricultural University,2011.
[25]曾亿武.失地农民权益保障满意度的影响因素分析——基于广东揭阳140个失地农户的调查数据[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2012,13(2):49-53.ZENG Y W,YANG Z K.Influencing factors of landless farmers’satisfaction with safeguarding of rights and interests:Based on investigation of 140households of Jieyang,Guangdong province[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Social Science),2012,13(2):49-53.
[26]赵丹,黄莉鳗.失地农民生活满意度及影响因素[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2014,14(3):93-90.ZHAO D,HUANG L M.Land-lost farmers:Life satisfaction and its influencing factors[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Social Science Edition),2014,14(3):93-90.
[27]陈伟.失地农民生活满意度的测度及影响因素研究——基于赣州经济技术开发区调查数据[D].福建师范大学,2015.CHEN W.Study on measurement and influencing factors of life satisfactionon land-lost peasants:Based on the survey of Ganzhou economic and technological development zone[D].Fujian Normal University,2015.
[28]李旭,陈德广,周伟伟.基于因子分析法的开封市菊展游客满意度研究[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(5):166-170.LI X,CHEN D G,ZHOU W W.Study on tourists’satisfaction with Kaifeng Chrysanthemum Exposition based on factor analysis[J].Areal Research and Development,2012,31(5):166-170.
(1)相关数据来源于实地访谈.
(1)被访者年龄较大基于以下考虑:由于仙林新村征地拆迁已经近20 a时间,本文研究失地农民生活满意度及影响因素,问卷调研对象为征地拆迁之前身份为农民且以农业为职业的居民,故调研选取的样本年龄相对较大.
(2)http://nj.house.sina.com.cn/news/2015-08-21/06576040265184759827578.shtml
(1)采用等距离赋值法,如5个等级分别赋值为20/40/60/80/100,4个等级则分别赋值为25/50/75/100.