改性酚醛树脂陶瓷摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能
|
摘要
以普通酚醛树脂、硼改性酚醛树脂、三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂为黏结剂,以陶瓷纤维为增强纤维,制备了3种酚醛树脂陶瓷摩擦材料。对其冲击韧性和硬度进行实验测试,采用摩擦磨损试验机考察其摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪分析其磨损表面形貌及其成分,并探讨其磨损机制。结果表明:硼改性酚醛树脂黏结剂能够提高摩擦材料的硬度,三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂黏结剂能够提高摩擦材料的冲击韧性,降低摩擦材料硬度;在摩擦过程中三聚氰胺改性酚醛树脂在高温下炭化,在摩擦材料表面形成一层致密的摩擦层,摩擦层的存在使摩擦材料的摩擦因数相对比较稳定,降低了摩擦材料的磨损率。
Three kinds of phenolic resin ceramic brake pads were prepared with phenolic resin, boron modified phenolic resin, melamine modified phenolic resin as binder, and ceramic fiber as reinforcing fiber. The impact toughness and hardness of the material were tested. The friction and wear properties were investigated by friction and wear tester. The worn surface morphology and its composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometer, and the wear mechanism was also discussed. The experimental results show that boron modified phenolic resin binder can improve the hardness of friction materials, melamine modified phenolic resin can improve the impact toughness of materials, reducing material hardness; in the friction process, melamine modified phenolic resin carbonized at high temperature, forming a dense layer of friction on the surface of friction material. The existence of friction layer makes the friction coefficient of the friction material become relatively stable, and reduces the wear rate of the friction material.
Three kinds of phenolic resin ceramic brake pads were prepared with phenolic resin, boron modified phenolic resin, melamine modified phenolic resin as binder, and ceramic fiber as reinforcing fiber. The impact toughness and hardness of the material were tested. The friction and wear properties were investigated by friction and wear tester. The worn surface morphology and its composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometer, and the wear mechanism was also discussed. The experimental results show that boron modified phenolic resin binder can improve the hardness of friction materials, melamine modified phenolic resin can improve the impact toughness of materials, reducing material hardness; in the friction process, melamine modified phenolic resin carbonized at high temperature, forming a dense layer of friction on the surface of friction material. The existence of friction layer makes the friction coefficient of the friction material become relatively stable, and reduces the wear rate of the friction material.
引文
[1] MALACHOVA K,KUKUTSCHOVA J,RYBKOVA Z,et al.Toxicity and mutagenicity of low-metallic automotive brake pad materials[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2016,131:37-44.
[2] LANGH N,RABENSTEIN M,ROSENL?CHER J,et al.Full-ceramic brake systems for high performance friction applications[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2016,36(15):3823-3832.
[3] BIAN G,WU H.Friction and surface fracture of a silicon carbide ceramic brake disc tested against a steel pad[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2015,35(14):3797-3807.
[4] STADLER Z,KRNEL K,KOVA J,et al.Tribochemical reactions on sliding surface of the sintered metallic brake linings against SiC ceramic brake disk[J].Wear,2012,292/293:232-238.
[5] 杨阳,刘伯威,熊翔.一种新型陶瓷基汽车刹车片摩擦磨损性能的研究[J].粉末冶金技术,2010,28(5):336-340.YANG Y,LIU B W,XIONG X.Study on friction and wear properties of a new ceramic-based automobile brake pad [J].Powder Metallurgy Technology,2010,28(5):336-340.
[6] 刘玲,王发辉.增强纤维对陶瓷基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(1):27-33.LIU L,WANG F H.Effect of reinforced fibers on friction and wear properties of ceramic-based friction materials[J].Journal of Tribology,2012,32(1):27-33.
[7] SEKUNOWO O I,DUROWAYE S I,LAWAL G I.Synthesis and characterisation of iron millscale particles reinforced ceramic matrix composite[J].Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences,2019,31(1):78-85.
[8] 李长虹,冯雨,何林,等.纳米粒子对丁腈改性酚醛树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(2):59-61.LI C H,FENG Y,HE L,et al.Effect of nanoparticles on friction and wear properties of phenolic resin modified by nitrile-butadiene[J].Science and Engineering of Polymer Materials,2009,25(2):59-61.
[9] LAGEL M C,HAI L,PIZZI A,et al.Automotive brake pads made with a bioresin matrix[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2016,85(1):372-381.
[10] 彭金涛,任天斌.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的最新应用现状[J].中国胶粘剂,2014,23(8):48-52.PENG J T,REN T B.The latest application of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J].China Adhesives,2014,23(8):48-52.
[11] CAI P,WANG Y M,WANG T M.Effect of resins on thermal,mechanical and tribological properties of friction materials[J].Tribology International,2015,87:1-10.
[12] GURUNATH P V,BIJWE J.Friction and wear studies on brake-pad materials based on newly developed resin[J].Wear,2007,263:1212-1219.
[13] CONG P,WANG H,WU X,et al.Braking performance of an organic brake pad based on a chemically modified phenolic resin binder[J].J Macromol Sci,2012,49(6):518-527.
[14] KIM Y C,CHO M H,KIM S J,et al.The effect of phenolic resin,potassium titanate,and CNSL on the tribological properties of brake friction materials[J].Wear,2008,264(3/4):204-210.
[15] MUTLU I,ELDOGAN O,FINDIK F.Tribological properties of some phenolic composites suggested for automotive brakes[J].Tribology International,2006,39(4):317-325.
[16] 董景隆.改性酚醛树脂/碳纤维复合材料的研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2016.DONG J L.The study of phenol resin modification and the carbon fiber composites[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Technology,2016.
[17] 陈孝飞,李树杰,闫联生,等.硼改性酚醛树脂的固化及裂解[J].复合材料学报,2011,25(5):89-95.CHEN X F,LI S J,YAN L S,et al.Curing and pyrolysis of boron-modified phenolic resin[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,25(5):89-95.
[18] 易新龙,冯安妮,邵文尧,等.硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其模塑料力学性能研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(8):381-384.YI X L,FENG A N,SHAO W R,et al.Synthesis of boron modified phenolic resin and the mechanic performance of its molding plastics[J].Materials Review,2015,29(8):381-384.
[2] LANGH N,RABENSTEIN M,ROSENL?CHER J,et al.Full-ceramic brake systems for high performance friction applications[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2016,36(15):3823-3832.
[3] BIAN G,WU H.Friction and surface fracture of a silicon carbide ceramic brake disc tested against a steel pad[J].Journal of the European Ceramic Society,2015,35(14):3797-3807.
[4] STADLER Z,KRNEL K,KOVA J,et al.Tribochemical reactions on sliding surface of the sintered metallic brake linings against SiC ceramic brake disk[J].Wear,2012,292/293:232-238.
[5] 杨阳,刘伯威,熊翔.一种新型陶瓷基汽车刹车片摩擦磨损性能的研究[J].粉末冶金技术,2010,28(5):336-340.YANG Y,LIU B W,XIONG X.Study on friction and wear properties of a new ceramic-based automobile brake pad [J].Powder Metallurgy Technology,2010,28(5):336-340.
[6] 刘玲,王发辉.增强纤维对陶瓷基摩擦材料摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2012,32(1):27-33.LIU L,WANG F H.Effect of reinforced fibers on friction and wear properties of ceramic-based friction materials[J].Journal of Tribology,2012,32(1):27-33.
[7] SEKUNOWO O I,DUROWAYE S I,LAWAL G I.Synthesis and characterisation of iron millscale particles reinforced ceramic matrix composite[J].Journal of King Saud University-Engineering Sciences,2019,31(1):78-85.
[8] 李长虹,冯雨,何林,等.纳米粒子对丁腈改性酚醛树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2009,25(2):59-61.LI C H,FENG Y,HE L,et al.Effect of nanoparticles on friction and wear properties of phenolic resin modified by nitrile-butadiene[J].Science and Engineering of Polymer Materials,2009,25(2):59-61.
[9] LAGEL M C,HAI L,PIZZI A,et al.Automotive brake pads made with a bioresin matrix[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2016,85(1):372-381.
[10] 彭金涛,任天斌.碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的最新应用现状[J].中国胶粘剂,2014,23(8):48-52.PENG J T,REN T B.The latest application of carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites[J].China Adhesives,2014,23(8):48-52.
[11] CAI P,WANG Y M,WANG T M.Effect of resins on thermal,mechanical and tribological properties of friction materials[J].Tribology International,2015,87:1-10.
[12] GURUNATH P V,BIJWE J.Friction and wear studies on brake-pad materials based on newly developed resin[J].Wear,2007,263:1212-1219.
[13] CONG P,WANG H,WU X,et al.Braking performance of an organic brake pad based on a chemically modified phenolic resin binder[J].J Macromol Sci,2012,49(6):518-527.
[14] KIM Y C,CHO M H,KIM S J,et al.The effect of phenolic resin,potassium titanate,and CNSL on the tribological properties of brake friction materials[J].Wear,2008,264(3/4):204-210.
[15] MUTLU I,ELDOGAN O,FINDIK F.Tribological properties of some phenolic composites suggested for automotive brakes[J].Tribology International,2006,39(4):317-325.
[16] 董景隆.改性酚醛树脂/碳纤维复合材料的研究[D].长春:长春工业大学,2016.DONG J L.The study of phenol resin modification and the carbon fiber composites[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Technology,2016.
[17] 陈孝飞,李树杰,闫联生,等.硼改性酚醛树脂的固化及裂解[J].复合材料学报,2011,25(5):89-95.CHEN X F,LI S J,YAN L S,et al.Curing and pyrolysis of boron-modified phenolic resin[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2011,25(5):89-95.
[18] 易新龙,冯安妮,邵文尧,等.硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其模塑料力学性能研究[J].材料导报,2015,29(8):381-384.YI X L,FENG A N,SHAO W R,et al.Synthesis of boron modified phenolic resin and the mechanic performance of its molding plastics[J].Materials Review,2015,29(8):381-384.