本土市场规模扩大一定有助于价值链攀升吗?
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摘要
全球价值链分工的本质是既定生产环节和阶段在不同区位的配置,市场需求因素是影响区位配置的关键因素之一。本土市场规模扩大会通过诱发价值链生产环节梯度转移的作用机制,影响制造业分工的地位。对于已经处于全球价值链中高端的国家而言,这种诱发作用体现为由高到低的梯度"回流",由于"回流"的部分"低于"其原有的生产环节和阶段,从而使其制造业价值链分工地位有"下滑"趋势;对于处于全球价值链中低端的国家而言,上述诱发作用体现为由低到高的梯度转移,从而有利于承接国制造业价值链分工地位的攀升。文章选取在全球价值链分工中处于主导地位的美国,以及以"低端嵌入"全球价值链分工体系的中国作为比较研究对象,检验了上述理论假说的判断。本文的研究发现不仅有助于进一步深化认识本土市场规模扩大对制造业攀升全球价值链的作用,而且对于如何促进我国产业迈向全球价值链中高端也具有重要政策意涵。
The essence of the division of labor in the global value chain is the allocation of the established production links and stages in different locations. The factors affecting the location allocation are not only the factor endowments,but also the market demand factors. Therefore,the expansion of the size of the local market will affect the division of labor in the manufacturing industry by inducing the mechanism of production chain transferring of the value chain. For countries that are already at the high end of the global value chain,this evoked effect will be reflected in the high-tolow gradient "reflow",since the"reflow"part is"below"its original production link and stage. On the whole level,the division of labor in the value chain of the manufacturing industry has a"slowing down"trend; for countries at the low end of the global value chain,the above-mentioned induced effects will be reflected in the transition from low to high,so that on the whole level,it is conducive to the rise of the division of labor in the value chain of the manufacturing industry. The United States,which is dominant in the global value chain division of labor,and China,which is a low-end embedded global value chain division system,are selected as comparative research objects. The measurement test results confirm the judgment of the above theoretical hypothesis. The research findings in this paper not only help us to further deepen our understanding of the role of the expansion of the local market in the global value chain of manufacturing,but also has important policy implications to achieve the proposed strategic goal of "promoting China's industry to move towards the highend of the global value chain".
The essence of the division of labor in the global value chain is the allocation of the established production links and stages in different locations. The factors affecting the location allocation are not only the factor endowments,but also the market demand factors. Therefore,the expansion of the size of the local market will affect the division of labor in the manufacturing industry by inducing the mechanism of production chain transferring of the value chain. For countries that are already at the high end of the global value chain,this evoked effect will be reflected in the high-tolow gradient "reflow",since the"reflow"part is"below"its original production link and stage. On the whole level,the division of labor in the value chain of the manufacturing industry has a"slowing down"trend; for countries at the low end of the global value chain,the above-mentioned induced effects will be reflected in the transition from low to high,so that on the whole level,it is conducive to the rise of the division of labor in the value chain of the manufacturing industry. The United States,which is dominant in the global value chain division of labor,and China,which is a low-end embedded global value chain division system,are selected as comparative research objects. The measurement test results confirm the judgment of the above theoretical hypothesis. The research findings in this paper not only help us to further deepen our understanding of the role of the expansion of the local market in the global value chain of manufacturing,but also has important policy implications to achieve the proposed strategic goal of "promoting China's industry to move towards the highend of the global value chain".
引文
[1]Baldwin,R.and A.J.Venables,“Spiders and Snakes:Offshoring and agglomeration in the global economy”,Journal of International Economics,2013,90(2):245-254.
[2]Koopman R.,Powers W,.Wang Z.,and Wei S.J.,Give Credit Where Credit Is Due:Tracing Value-added in Global Production Chains,NBER Working Paper No.16426,2010.
[3]Krugman,P.,“Scale Economies,Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade”,America Economic Review,1980,70(5),950-959.
[4]Melitz,M.The impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocation and Aggregate Industry Productivity,Econometrica,2003,71(6):1695-1725.
[5]Weder,R.,“Comparative Home-market Advantage:An Empirical Analysis of British and American Exports”,Review of World Economics,2003,139(2),220-247.
[6]Zweimuller,J and Brunner,J.K.Innovation and Growth with Rich and Poor Consumers,Metroeconomica,2005,56(2):233-262.
[7]陈丰龙、徐康宁:《本土市场规模与中国制造业全要素生产率》,《中国工业经济》2012年第5期。
[8]戴翔、刘梦、张为付:《本土市场规模扩张如何引领价值链攀升》,《世界经济》2017年第9期。
[9]邱斌、尹威:《中国制造业出口是否存在本土市场效应》,《世界经济》2010年第7期。
[10]邢予青、Neal,D.:《国际分工与美中贸易逆差:以i Phone为例》,《金融研究》2013年第3期。
[11]易先忠、包群、高凌云、张亚斌:《出口与内需的结构背离:成因及影响》,《经济研究》2017年第7期。
[12]张帆、潘佐红:《本土市场效应及其对中国省间生产和贸易的影响》,《经济学》(季刊)2006年第1期。
[2]Koopman R.,Powers W,.Wang Z.,and Wei S.J.,Give Credit Where Credit Is Due:Tracing Value-added in Global Production Chains,NBER Working Paper No.16426,2010.
[3]Krugman,P.,“Scale Economies,Product Differentiation,and the Pattern of Trade”,America Economic Review,1980,70(5),950-959.
[4]Melitz,M.The impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocation and Aggregate Industry Productivity,Econometrica,2003,71(6):1695-1725.
[5]Weder,R.,“Comparative Home-market Advantage:An Empirical Analysis of British and American Exports”,Review of World Economics,2003,139(2),220-247.
[6]Zweimuller,J and Brunner,J.K.Innovation and Growth with Rich and Poor Consumers,Metroeconomica,2005,56(2):233-262.
[7]陈丰龙、徐康宁:《本土市场规模与中国制造业全要素生产率》,《中国工业经济》2012年第5期。
[8]戴翔、刘梦、张为付:《本土市场规模扩张如何引领价值链攀升》,《世界经济》2017年第9期。
[9]邱斌、尹威:《中国制造业出口是否存在本土市场效应》,《世界经济》2010年第7期。
[10]邢予青、Neal,D.:《国际分工与美中贸易逆差:以i Phone为例》,《金融研究》2013年第3期。
[11]易先忠、包群、高凌云、张亚斌:《出口与内需的结构背离:成因及影响》,《经济研究》2017年第7期。
[12]张帆、潘佐红:《本土市场效应及其对中国省间生产和贸易的影响》,《经济学》(季刊)2006年第1期。