脱贫不脱政策的社会效应与精细化治理——基于西部多个脱贫村庄的实证调查
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摘要
脱贫不脱政策作为精准扶贫政策系统的有机构成部分,影响着精准扶贫实效。研究发现脱贫不脱政策在执行中存有积极效应与消极效应,积极效应集中体现为维护贫困人口脱贫稳定性,巩固精准扶贫实效,绩效考核是地方政府执行脱贫不脱政策的主要动力;消极效应表现为助长了"争当贫困户"的不良心理,激化了贫困户与非贫困户群体矛盾,降低了扶贫干部队伍积极帮扶意愿,增加了基层政府应对主动退出者的难度。公共政策不精细是脱贫不脱政策功能异化产生消极效应的重要诱因,主要表现为脱贫不脱政策的执行期限模糊、脱贫不脱政策的终止标准不明、脱贫不脱政策的终止流程缺失。缓解脱贫不脱政策的消极效应可从公共政策制定精细化入手,规定脱贫不脱政策的执行期限,细化脱贫不脱政策的终止标准,填补脱贫不脱政策的终止流程。
As an organic component of the policy system of targeted-poverty alleviation, the continuation of the policy after having shaken off poverty has affected the effectiveness of targeted-poverty alleviation. The study found that the continuation of the policy has both positive and negative effects, and the positive effects are concentrated on maintaining the stability of the poor to have themselves overcome poverty and on consolidating the effectiveness of targeted-poverty alleviation. Since performance assessment is the main driving force for local governments to continue the policy after having shaken off poverty, some negative effects have been exerted,such like encouraging the unhealthy psychology of the people "competing to claim being poor households",which exacerbates the contradiction between poor households and other households, and discourages the cadres of poverty alleviation to carry out their work actively, and increases the difficulty of the grassroots governments.This article points out that the main causes of the negative effects of the continuation of poverty alleviation policy is that the public policy was made without appropriate level of detail, which is mainly manifested in no limit set to the duration of the policy, no standard made to terminate the policy, no termination process for the policy.Therefore, it is necessary to refine the poverty alleviation policy in details.
As an organic component of the policy system of targeted-poverty alleviation, the continuation of the policy after having shaken off poverty has affected the effectiveness of targeted-poverty alleviation. The study found that the continuation of the policy has both positive and negative effects, and the positive effects are concentrated on maintaining the stability of the poor to have themselves overcome poverty and on consolidating the effectiveness of targeted-poverty alleviation. Since performance assessment is the main driving force for local governments to continue the policy after having shaken off poverty, some negative effects have been exerted,such like encouraging the unhealthy psychology of the people "competing to claim being poor households",which exacerbates the contradiction between poor households and other households, and discourages the cadres of poverty alleviation to carry out their work actively, and increases the difficulty of the grassroots governments.This article points out that the main causes of the negative effects of the continuation of poverty alleviation policy is that the public policy was made without appropriate level of detail, which is mainly manifested in no limit set to the duration of the policy, no standard made to terminate the policy, no termination process for the policy.Therefore, it is necessary to refine the poverty alleviation policy in details.
引文
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[9]余敏江.环境精细化治理:何以必要与可能?[J].行政论坛,2018(6).
[10]温德诚.政府精细化管理[M].北京:新华出版社,2017.
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