土壤养分与水分对猪血木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响
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摘要
采用盆栽试验,设置红壤∶腐殖土=1∶0(ST1,体积比)、红壤∶腐殖土=3∶1(ST2)、红壤∶腐殖土=1∶1(ST3)、红壤∶腐殖土=1∶3(ST4)4个土壤养分水平以及对照(W1)、轻度干旱胁迫(W2)、中度干旱胁迫(W3)和严重干旱胁迫(W4)4个水分处理水平,研究土壤养分与水分对猪血木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明,土壤养分与水分对猪血木幼苗丙二醛、脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量影响显著;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b和类胡萝卜素含量均分别随着土壤养分与水分的降低而降低;猪血木幼苗不同营养器官生物量随着土壤养分的增加而先增加后降低,并在ST3土壤基质下达到最大值;叶片含水量和相对含水量均随土壤水分含量的降低而显著降低,而水分饱和亏和水分组织密度则增加。
With the pots experiments,four soil nutrition levels were designed in the experiment,such as red soil :humus= 1∶0(ST1),red soil :humus=3∶1(ST2),red soil :humus=1∶1(ST3)and red soil :humus=1∶3(ST4). Four soil water levels including control(W1),light water stress(W2),moderate water stress(W3),and severe water stress(W4)were designed to elucidate the effects of different soil nutrition and water content on seedling growth and its physiological characteristics of an endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang. The results showed that soil nutrition and water content had significant effects on the content of soluble sugar,malondialdehyde,and proline of seedlings. The photosynthetic pigments contents such as chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid decreased with the decrease of the water and nutrition content in the soil. Seedling biomass increased with the increase of soil nutrition and reached its maximum in ST3,and then decreased in ST4. The leaf water content and relative water content also significantly decreased with decreasing soil water content. However,the leaf water saturated deficit and tissue density showed a contrary tendency.
With the pots experiments,four soil nutrition levels were designed in the experiment,such as red soil :humus= 1∶0(ST1),red soil :humus=3∶1(ST2),red soil :humus=1∶1(ST3)and red soil :humus=1∶3(ST4). Four soil water levels including control(W1),light water stress(W2),moderate water stress(W3),and severe water stress(W4)were designed to elucidate the effects of different soil nutrition and water content on seedling growth and its physiological characteristics of an endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum H. T. Chang. The results showed that soil nutrition and water content had significant effects on the content of soluble sugar,malondialdehyde,and proline of seedlings. The photosynthetic pigments contents such as chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid decreased with the decrease of the water and nutrition content in the soil. Seedling biomass increased with the increase of soil nutrition and reached its maximum in ST3,and then decreased in ST4. The leaf water content and relative water content also significantly decreased with decreasing soil water content. However,the leaf water saturated deficit and tissue density showed a contrary tendency.
引文
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[24]Kang M,Dai C,Ji W,et al.Biomass and its allocation in relation to temperature,precipitation,and soil nutrients in Inner Mongolia grasslands,China[J].Plo S One,2013,8(7):e69561.
[25]Anjum S A,Xie X,Wang L C,et al.Morphological,physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,6(9):2026-2032.
[26]Parker S S,Seabloom E W,Schimel J P.Grassland community composition drives small-scale spatial patterns in soil properties and processes[J].Geoderma,2012,170(4):269-279.
[27]Petridis A,Therios I,Samouris G,et al.Effect of water deficit on leaf phenolic composition,gas exchange,oxidative damage and antioxidant activity of four Greek olive(Olea europaea L.)cultivars[J].Plant Physiol Bioch,2012,60:1-11.
[28]Du F,Shi H,Zhang X,et al.Responses of reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes,proline and malondialdehyde to water deficits among six secondary successional seral species in Loess Plateau[J].Plo S One,2014,9(6):e98872.
[29]冯慧芳,薛立,任向荣,等.4种阔叶幼苗对PEG模拟干旱的生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):371-382.
[30]朱小龙,李振基,赖志华,等.不同光照下土壤水分胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):76-81.
[31]蔺万煌.干旱胁迫下5种三叶草的生长和生理反应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):580-584.
[32]焦蓉,刘好宝,刘贯山,等.论脯氨酸积累与植物抗渗透胁迫[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):216-221.
[33]Chutipaijit S,Chaum S,Sompornpailin K.High contents of proline and anthocyanin increase protective response to salinity in Oryza sativa L.spp.Indica[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2011,5(10):1191–1198.
[34]杨鑫光,傅华,牛得草.干旱胁迫下幼苗期霸王的生理响应[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):107-112.
[35]Osório M L,Osório J,Vieira A C,et al.Influence of enhanced temperature on photosynthesis,photooxidative damage,and antioxidant strategies in Ceratonia siliqua L.seedlings subjected to water deficit and rewatering[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(1):3-12.
[36]Zayed M A,Zeid I M.Effect of water and salt stresses on growth,chlorophyll,mineral ions and organic solutes contents,and enzymes activity in mung bean seedlings[J].Biologia Plantarum,1997,40(3):351-356.
[37]Lemos J M,Vendruscolo E C G,Schuster I,et al.Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat subjected to water deficit stress at different phenological stages of development[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(8):22–30.
[2]Schulz H,Glaser B.Effects of biochar compared to organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil quality and plant growth in a greenhouse experiment[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2012,175(3):410-422.
[3]孔红梅,刘天星,段靖,等.岷江干旱河谷灌木幼苗的土壤养分适应性研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(6):1016-1023.
[4]马引利,杨纯,闫桂琴,等.土壤水分对翅果油树幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2008,28(7):1397-1403.
[5]Shen S K,Wang Y H.Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)status and seedling growth response to indigenous AM colonisation of Euryodendron excelsum in China:implications for restoring an endemic and critically endangered tree[J].Australian Journal of Botany,2011,59(5):460-467.
[6]IUCN.The IUCN red list of threatened species[EB/OL].http://www.iucnredlist.org,2012.
[7]申仕康,刘丽娜,王跃华,等.濒危植物猪血木人工繁殖幼苗的遗传多样性及对种群复壮的启示[J].广西植物,2012,32(5):644-649.
[8]申仕康,马海英,王跃华,等.濒危植物猪血木种群结构及动态[J].生态学报,2008,28(5):2404-2412.
[9]Shen S K,Wang Y H,Ma H Y,et al.Distribution,stand characteristics and habitat of a critically endangered plant Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang:implications to conservation[J].Plant Species Biology,2009,24(2):133-138.
[10]Misra A,Tyler G.Influence of soil moisture on soil solution chemistry and concentrations of minerals in the calcicoles Phleum phleoides and Veronica spicatagrown on a limestone soil[J].Annals of Botany,1999,84(3):401-410.
[11]Hunt R.Plant Growth Analysis[M].London:Edward Arnold Press,1978:11-32.
[12]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:134-260.
[13]杨敏文.快速测定植物叶片叶绿色含量方法的探讨[J].光谱实验室,2002,19(4):478-481.
[14]何维明.水分因素对沙地柏实生苗水分和生长特征的影响[J].植物生态报,2001,25(1):11-16.
[15]Bazzaz F A.Plant in changing environments:linking physiological,population and community ecology[M].London:Cambridge University Press,1996:13-40.
[16]Grossman J D,Rice K J.Evolution of root plasticity responses to variation in soil nutrient distribution and concentration[J].Evolutionary Applications,2012,5(8):850-857.
[17]Fownes J H,Harrington R A.Seedling response to gaps:separating effects of light and nitrogen[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,203(1):297-310.
[18]Cahill J F,Mc Nickle G G.The behavioral ecology of nutrient foraging by plants[J].Annual Review of Ecology,Evolution,and Systematics,2011,42:289-311.
[19]Sofo A,Dichio B,Xiloyannis C,et al.Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondialdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree[J].Plant Science,2004,166(2):293-302.
[20]申仕康,马海英,刘湘永,等.中国特有植物猪血木的濒危原因及保护对策[J].生态环境学报,2007,16(6):1819-1823.
[21]Poorter H,Niklas K J,Reich P B,et al.Biomass allocation to leaves,stems and roots:meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control[J].New Phytologist,2012,193(1):30-50.
[22]B l o o m f ie ld K J,Fa r q u h a r G D,L l oyd J.Photosynthesis–nitrogen relationships in tropical forest tree species as affected by soil phosphorus availability:a controlled environment study[J].Functional Plant Biology,2014,41(8):820-832.
[23]Grubb P J,Lee W G,Kollmann J,et al.Interaction of irradiance and soil nutrient supply on growth of seedlings of ten European tall-shrub species and Fagus sylvatica[J].Journal of Ecology,1996,84(6):827-840.
[24]Kang M,Dai C,Ji W,et al.Biomass and its allocation in relation to temperature,precipitation,and soil nutrients in Inner Mongolia grasslands,China[J].Plo S One,2013,8(7):e69561.
[25]Anjum S A,Xie X,Wang L C,et al.Morphological,physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress[J].African Journal of Agricultural Research,2011,6(9):2026-2032.
[26]Parker S S,Seabloom E W,Schimel J P.Grassland community composition drives small-scale spatial patterns in soil properties and processes[J].Geoderma,2012,170(4):269-279.
[27]Petridis A,Therios I,Samouris G,et al.Effect of water deficit on leaf phenolic composition,gas exchange,oxidative damage and antioxidant activity of four Greek olive(Olea europaea L.)cultivars[J].Plant Physiol Bioch,2012,60:1-11.
[28]Du F,Shi H,Zhang X,et al.Responses of reactive oxygen scavenging enzymes,proline and malondialdehyde to water deficits among six secondary successional seral species in Loess Plateau[J].Plo S One,2014,9(6):e98872.
[29]冯慧芳,薛立,任向荣,等.4种阔叶幼苗对PEG模拟干旱的生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):371-382.
[30]朱小龙,李振基,赖志华,等.不同光照下土壤水分胁迫对长苞铁杉幼苗的作用[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(2):76-81.
[31]蔺万煌.干旱胁迫下5种三叶草的生长和生理反应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2011,17(4):580-584.
[32]焦蓉,刘好宝,刘贯山,等.论脯氨酸积累与植物抗渗透胁迫[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):216-221.
[33]Chutipaijit S,Chaum S,Sompornpailin K.High contents of proline and anthocyanin increase protective response to salinity in Oryza sativa L.spp.Indica[J].Australian Journal of Crop Science,2011,5(10):1191–1198.
[34]杨鑫光,傅华,牛得草.干旱胁迫下幼苗期霸王的生理响应[J].草业学报,2007,16(5):107-112.
[35]Osório M L,Osório J,Vieira A C,et al.Influence of enhanced temperature on photosynthesis,photooxidative damage,and antioxidant strategies in Ceratonia siliqua L.seedlings subjected to water deficit and rewatering[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(1):3-12.
[36]Zayed M A,Zeid I M.Effect of water and salt stresses on growth,chlorophyll,mineral ions and organic solutes contents,and enzymes activity in mung bean seedlings[J].Biologia Plantarum,1997,40(3):351-356.
[37]Lemos J M,Vendruscolo E C G,Schuster I,et al.Physiological and biochemical responses of wheat subjected to water deficit stress at different phenological stages of development[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2011(8):22–30.