不同提取方法对牡丹籽油品质与抗氧化性的影响
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摘要
采用瞬时压榨法、液压法与正己烷浸提法提取‘凤丹’牡丹籽油,研究不同方法对牡丹籽油的出油率、理化特性、主要成分组成及抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:正己烷浸提法(31.26%)、瞬时压榨法(14.27%)和液压法(7.81%)三者出油率相互之间均有显著性差异(p <0.05);瞬时压榨法和液压法对牡丹籽油碘值差异无显著影响(p> 0.05),对皂化值有极显著性影响(p <0.01);正己烷浸提和液压油脂的水分及挥发性成分含量和过氧化值显著高于瞬时压榨油脂(p <0.05),而正己烷浸提油脂的酸值极显著高于其他两种方法(p <0.01)。在主要成分组成方面,三种方法得到的牡丹籽油棕榈酸、亚油酸、角鲨烯含量没有显著性差异(p> 0.05),正己烷浸提牡丹籽油中硬脂酸和油酸含量显著高于其他两种方法(p <0.01)。瞬时压榨法亚麻酸占总脂肪酸的30.98%,显著高于液压(23.22%)和正己烷浸提法(15.98%)(p <0.01);β-谷甾醇以瞬时压榨法最高,三种方法之间差异极显著(p <0.01)。抗氧化性能评价结果表明,瞬时压榨牡丹籽油对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力略高于液压法,对羟基自由基的清除能力则相反;液压牡丹籽油在270～450 nm范围内吸光度值高于其他两种方法,表明了其良好的防晒效果。生产中可先用瞬时压榨法或液压法对牡丹籽进行提取,再结合正己烷对油饼进行浸提,可获得高活性成分的油脂,并提高提取率。
The effects of the instant press extraction,hydraulic press and n-hexane extraction methods on"Danfeng"Paeonia suffruticosa seed oil extraction as well as the oil yield,physicochemical properties,main components and antioxidant properties of the extracted oil were studied.The results showed that there were significant difference(p < 0.05) of the oil yields among the three methods of hexane extraction(31.26%),instant press method(14.27%) and hydraulic method(7.81%),respectively.There was no significance variance(p > 0.05) between instant press extraction and hydraulic press method on the oil iodine value,and very significance variance(p < 0.01) on the saponification value(p > 0.05).The water content and volatile components and peroxide value of hexane extraction and hydraulic oil were significantly higher than that of instant oil(p <0.05),and the acid value of the oil extracted from n-hexane was significantly higher than that of the other two methods(p <0.01).There were no significance varianceon the palmitic acid,linoleic acid and squalene contents of the three methods(p >0.05),butthe contents of stearic acid and oleic acid in peony seed oil extracted by n-hexane were significantly higher than those in the other two methods(p < 0.01).Linolenic acid accounted for 30.98% of the total fatty acid in instant press method,which was significantly higher than that of hydraulic(23.22%) and n-hexane extraction method(15.98%)(p < 0.01),and beta glutamol was the highest in the instant pressing method,and there was significant difference among the three methods(p <0.01).The results of antioxidant evaluation showed that the removal of 1,1-two phenyl-2-three nitrophenyl hydrazine(DPPH)free radical was slightly higher than that of the hydraulic method,and the scavenging ability to the hydroxyl radical was more than that of the instant pressed peony seed oil.The absorbance value of the hydraulic peony seed oil in the range of 270～450 nm was higher than that of the other two methods,which showed a good sunscreen effect.Practically,the peony seed oil could be extracted by the instant press or hydraulic method firstly,then the oil cake could be extracted with hexane,combination of the two steps would improve the oil nutrition as well as contribute to the high oil extraction rate.
The effects of the instant press extraction,hydraulic press and n-hexane extraction methods on"Danfeng"Paeonia suffruticosa seed oil extraction as well as the oil yield,physicochemical properties,main components and antioxidant properties of the extracted oil were studied.The results showed that there were significant difference(p < 0.05) of the oil yields among the three methods of hexane extraction(31.26%),instant press method(14.27%) and hydraulic method(7.81%),respectively.There was no significance variance(p > 0.05) between instant press extraction and hydraulic press method on the oil iodine value,and very significance variance(p < 0.01) on the saponification value(p > 0.05).The water content and volatile components and peroxide value of hexane extraction and hydraulic oil were significantly higher than that of instant oil(p <0.05),and the acid value of the oil extracted from n-hexane was significantly higher than that of the other two methods(p <0.01).There were no significance varianceon the palmitic acid,linoleic acid and squalene contents of the three methods(p >0.05),butthe contents of stearic acid and oleic acid in peony seed oil extracted by n-hexane were significantly higher than those in the other two methods(p < 0.01).Linolenic acid accounted for 30.98% of the total fatty acid in instant press method,which was significantly higher than that of hydraulic(23.22%) and n-hexane extraction method(15.98%)(p < 0.01),and beta glutamol was the highest in the instant pressing method,and there was significant difference among the three methods(p <0.01).The results of antioxidant evaluation showed that the removal of 1,1-two phenyl-2-three nitrophenyl hydrazine(DPPH)free radical was slightly higher than that of the hydraulic method,and the scavenging ability to the hydroxyl radical was more than that of the instant pressed peony seed oil.The absorbance value of the hydraulic peony seed oil in the range of 270～450 nm was higher than that of the other two methods,which showed a good sunscreen effect.Practically,the peony seed oil could be extracted by the instant press or hydraulic method firstly,then the oil cake could be extracted with hexane,combination of the two steps would improve the oil nutrition as well as contribute to the high oil extraction rate.
引文
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[2]朱献标,翟文婷,董秀勋,等.牡丹籽油化学成分及功能研究进展[J].中国油脂,2014,39(1):88-91.
[3]朱宗磊,王凤山,毛文岳.新资源食品牡丹籽油[J].食品与药品,2014,16(2):133-136.
[4]王顺利,任秀霞,薛璟祺,等.牡丹籽油成分、功效及加工工艺的研究进展[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(3):139-146.
[5]毛程鑫,李桂华,李普选,等.牡丹籽油的脂肪酸组成及理化特性分析[J].现代食品科技,2014,30(4):142-146.
[6]梁少华,王金亚,董彩文,等.亚麻籽和亚麻籽油理化特性及组成分析[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(12):61-66.
[7]张东,薛雅琳,段章群,等.牡丹籽油和亚麻籽油化学组成分析与比较[J].中国油脂,2017,42(10):34-38.
[8]程安玮,孙金月,王伟婷,等.牡丹籽油的研究进展[J].食品科学技术学报,2016,34(3):79-84.
[9]易军鹏,朱文学,马海乐,等.牡丹籽油超声波辅助提取工艺的响应面法优化[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(6):103-110.
[10]史国安,郭香凤,金宝磊,等.牡丹籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺优化及抗氧化活性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2013,28(4):47-51.
[11]陈玉宏,王俊国.两种压榨葵花籽油品质及活性物质的研究[J].农产品加工,2016(11):5-7.
[12]白章振,张延龙,于蕊,等.不同方法提取‘凤丹’牡丹籽油品质比较[J].食品科学,2017,38(1):136-141.
[13]刘建华,程传格,王晓,等.牡丹籽油种脂肪酸的组成分析[J].化学分析计量,2006,15(6):30-31.
[14]郭刚军,邹建云,胡小静,等.液压压榨澳洲坚果粕酶解制备多肽工艺优化[J].食品科学,2016,37(17):173-178.
[15]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.29-2016食品中酸价的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[16]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.227-2016食品中过氧化值的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T5532-2008动植物油脂碘值的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T5534-2008动植物油脂皂化值的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[19]中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009.236-2016动植物油脂水分及挥发物的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[20]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T5525-2008植物油脂透明度、气味、滋味鉴定法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[21]陈飞钦,宋春满,方敦煌,等.硅烷化和甲酯化衍生分析烟叶脂肪酸的比较[J].分析实验室,2010,29(1):60-63.
[22]钟巧莉,朱志鑫,吴慧勤,等.衍生化气相-质谱法测定植物油中植物甾醇[J].分析测试学报,2012,31(81):987-991.
[23]Larrauri J A,Sanchez-Moreno C,Saura-Calixto F.Effect of temperature on the free radical scavenging capacity of extracts from redand white grape pomacepeels[J].Agriculture Food Chemical,1998,46(7):2694-2697.
[24]Cheng Z H,Moore J,Yu L.High-throughput relative DPPHradical scavenging capacity assay[J].Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2006,54:7429-7436.
[25]Slizyte R,Mozuraityte R,Martinez-Alvarez Q,et al.Functional,bioactive and antioxidative properties of hydrolysates obtained from cod(Gadus morhua)backbones[J].Process Biochemistry,2009,44:668-677.
[26]张继,孔浩,张芳.植物油清除自由基能力研究[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(9):3521-3523.
[27]宋怀恩,闻韧.抗氧化剂筛选方法的研究进展[J].中国药物化学杂志,2003,13(2):63-68.
[28]高婷婷,王亚芸,任建武.GC-MS法分析牡丹籽油的成分及其防晒效果的评定[J].食品科技,2013,38(6):296-299.
[29]黄永辉,郑小严,黄红霞,等.化妆品用茶油光谱特性分析[J].福建分析测试,2008,17(1):7-9.
[30]王玉林,何锦风,王维民,等.某些天然植物成分防晒机理及应用[J].日用化学工业,2013,43(1):73-77.
[31]Burke K E,Wei H.Synergisyic damage by UVA radiation and pollutants[J].Toxicology and Industrial Health,2009,25(4-5):219-224.
[32]Saha S S,Ghosh M.Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of conjugated linolenic acid isomers against streptozocin-induced diabetes[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2012,108(6):974-983.