香河地基观测臭氧柱总量数据分析及臭氧变化趋势研究
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摘要
大气臭氧变化在全球气候和环境中具有重要作用,是当今大气科学领域的重要研究对象之一。对比分析了中国科学院大气物理研究所河北香河大气综合观测试验站2014～2016年Dobson和Brewer两种臭氧总量观测仪器探测结果的一致性,并使用1979～2016年Dobson观测数据分析了香河地区臭氧总量的长期变化趋势。结果表明:进行有效温度修正后,两种臭氧总量仪器观测结果一致性较好,平均偏差仅为-0.14DU(多布森单位),平均绝对偏差为8.00 DU,标准差为36.09 DU,相关系数达0.964。整体来说,两类仪器观测臭氧总量吻合较好。SO2浓度对Dobson仪器数据精度有一定影响,两组仪器数据在SO2浓度为0～0.2DU、0.2～0.4DU和>0.4DU大气条件情况下的平均偏差分别为4.8 DU、7.0 DU和8.0 DU,平均偏差随SO2浓度升高而增大。过去38年香河地区的臭氧总量季节差异性强,春、冬两季臭氧总量高,夏、秋两季臭氧总量相对低,季节变化趋势差异明显。从长期变化上看,臭氧总量变化波动有不同的周期,在4个大的时间段变化趋势不同,2000～2010年臭氧层有显著恢复,但最近几年又有变薄的趋势。
Atmospheric ozone plays an important role in the global climate and environment. It is one of the important research topics in the atmospheric science field. In this study, the consistency of the measurement of the total ozone column, using the Dobson and Brewer instruments during the period of 2014–2016 at Xianghe, were analyzed. The Dobson measurement data during the longer period of 1979–2016 was used to investigate the long-term variation trend in the total ozone column at the same site. The results showed that the average deviation, the average absolute deviation, the standard deviation, and the correlation coefficient between Dobson and Brewer instrument data were-0.14 DU, 8.00 DU,36.09 DU, and 0.964, respectively. In general, the total amount of ozone observed by the two instruments agreed well.SO2 concentration had a noticeable effect on the Dobson instrument data accuracy. The average deviations of the two sets of instrument data in the atmospheric SO2 concentration of 0–0.2 DU, 0.2–0.4 DU, and >0.4 DU, were 4.8 DU, 7.0 DU,and 8.0 DU, respectively. The data deviation of the two sets of instruments increased with increasing SO2 concentration.Apparent seasonal variations in the total ozone column are presented for the past 38 years at Xianghe. Ozone concentrations were larger in spring and winter relative to summer and autumn. Variation tendencies of ozone were also seasonally dependent. Different cycles of ozone amount fluctuation were derived from the long-term Dobson data. The variation tendencies were different during four long periods. Distinct ozone recovery was found from 2000 to 2010;however, ozone depletion trends occurred during recent years.
Atmospheric ozone plays an important role in the global climate and environment. It is one of the important research topics in the atmospheric science field. In this study, the consistency of the measurement of the total ozone column, using the Dobson and Brewer instruments during the period of 2014–2016 at Xianghe, were analyzed. The Dobson measurement data during the longer period of 1979–2016 was used to investigate the long-term variation trend in the total ozone column at the same site. The results showed that the average deviation, the average absolute deviation, the standard deviation, and the correlation coefficient between Dobson and Brewer instrument data were-0.14 DU, 8.00 DU,36.09 DU, and 0.964, respectively. In general, the total amount of ozone observed by the two instruments agreed well.SO2 concentration had a noticeable effect on the Dobson instrument data accuracy. The average deviations of the two sets of instrument data in the atmospheric SO2 concentration of 0–0.2 DU, 0.2–0.4 DU, and >0.4 DU, were 4.8 DU, 7.0 DU,and 8.0 DU, respectively. The data deviation of the two sets of instruments increased with increasing SO2 concentration.Apparent seasonal variations in the total ozone column are presented for the past 38 years at Xianghe. Ozone concentrations were larger in spring and winter relative to summer and autumn. Variation tendencies of ozone were also seasonally dependent. Different cycles of ozone amount fluctuation were derived from the long-term Dobson data. The variation tendencies were different during four long periods. Distinct ozone recovery was found from 2000 to 2010;however, ozone depletion trends occurred during recent years.
引文
Bian J C,Chen H B,Zhao Y L,et al.2002.Variation features of total atmospheric ozone in Beijing and Kunming based on Dobson and TOMSdata[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,19(2):279-286,doi:10.1007/s00376-002-0022-z.
Brewer A W.1973.A replacement for the Dobson spectrophotometer?[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,106-108(1):919-927,doi:10.1007/BF00881042.
柴素盈.2016.昆明地区的臭氧探测及地基臭氧总量反演方案的订正研究[D].云南大学博士学位论文,119pp.Chai Suying.2016.Ozone observation and correction of ground-based total ozone retrieval algorithm at Kunming[D].Ph.D.dissertation(in Chinese),Yunnan University,119pp.
Clémer K,van Roozendael M,Fayt C,et al.2010.Multiple wavelength retrieval of tropospheric aerosol optical properties from MAXDOASmeasurements in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,3(4):863-878,doi:10.5194/amt-3-863-2010.
Dobson G M B.1963.Note on the measurement of ozone in the atmosphere[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,89(381):409-411,doi:10.1002/qj.49708938112.
Dobson G M B.1968.Forty Years'research on atmospheric ozone at oxford:A history[J].Appl.Opt.,7(3):387-405,doi:10.1364/AO.7.000387.
Kerr J B.2002.New methodology for deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from Brewer spectrophotometer direct sun spectra[J].J.Geophys.Res.,107(D23):ACH 22-1-ACH 22-17,doi:10.1029/2001JD001227.
Kerr J B,Asbridge I A,Evans W F J.1988.Intercomparison of total ozone measured by the brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers at Toronto[J].J.Geophys.Res.,93(D9):11129-11140,doi:10.1029/JD093iD09p11129.
Kerr J B,McElroy C T,Olafson R A.1981.Measurements of total ozone with the Brewer spectrophotometer[C]//Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium.Boulder:National Center for Atmospheric Research,74-79.
Kerr J B,McElroy C T,Tarasick D W,et al.1994.The Canadian ozone watch and UV-B advisory programs[C]//Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium.Virginia:NASA.
李天奕.2011.基于OMI和TOMS的大气臭氧柱总量时空变化的研究[D].中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文,61pp.Li Tianyi.2011.The spatio-temporal variations of the total ozone column based on measurements of OMI and TOMS[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),University of Science and Technology of China,61pp.
Platt U,Perner D,P?tz H W.1979.Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric CH2O,O3,and NO2 by differential optical absorption[J].J.Geophys.Res.,84(C10):6329-6335,doi:10.1029/JC084iC10p06329.
Scarnato B,Staehelin J,Peter T,et al.2009.Temperature and slant path effects in Dobson and Brewer total ozone measurements[J].J.Geophys.Res.,114(D24):https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2009JD012349,doi:10.1029/2009JD012349.
石广玉,白宇波,岩坂泰信,等.2000.拉萨上空大气臭氧垂直分布的高空气球探测[J].地球科学进展,15(5):522-524.Shi Guangyu,Bai Yubo,Iwasaka Y,et al.2000.A balloon measurement of the ozone vertical distribution over Lahsa[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),15(5):522-524,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2000.05.006.
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.1992.大气环境化学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,606-611.Tang Xiaoyan,Zhang Yuanhang,Shao Min.1992.Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry(in Chinese)[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,606-611.
Vanicek K.2006.Differences between ground Dobson,Brewer and satellite TOMS-8,GOME-WFDOAS total ozone observations at Hradec Kralove,Czech[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,6(12):5163-5171,doi:10.5194/acpd-6-5839-2006.
王刚,张鹏,王维和,等.2009.卫星遥感测量大气二氧化硫的新进展[C]//第26届中国气象学会年会大气成分与天气气候及环境变化分会场论文集.杭州:中国气象学会,274-275.Wang Gang,Zhang Peng,Wang Weihe,et al.2009.New progress of measurement of atmospheric sulfur dioxide by satellite remote sensing[C].Hangzhou:china Meteorological Society,274-275.
王庚辰.1991.我国大气臭氧探测技术的进展现状[J].地球科学进展,6(6):31-36.Wang Gengchen.1991.Current status of atmospheric ozone detection technology in China[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),6(6):31-36,doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1991.06.0031.
王庚辰.2003.大气臭氧层和臭氧洞[M].北京:气象出版社,60-70.Wang Gengchen.2003.Atmospheric Ozone Layer and Ozone Hole(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,60-70.
王普才,吴北婴,章文星.1999.影响地面紫外辐射的因素分析[J].大气科学,23(1):1-8.Wang Pucai,Wu Beiying,Zhang Wenxing.1999.Analysis on the factors affecting surface UV radiation[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),23(1):1-8,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1999.01.01.
王卫国,罗燕,陈鲁言,等.2004.中国西南上空大气臭氧垂直分布的结构特征[J].云商大学学报(自然科学版),26(4):315-319.Wang Weiguo,Luo Yan,Chen Luyan,et al.2004.A structural measurement of ozone vertical distribution in spring over Kunming[J].Journal of Yunnan University,26(4):315-319,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0258-7971.2004.04.010.
WMO.2010.Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion[R].World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No.52,Geneva:WMO.
颜晓露,郑向东,周秀骥,等.2015.夏季青藏高原及其周边地区卫星MLS水汽、臭氧产品的探空检验分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,45(3):335-350.Yan Xiaolu,Zheng Xiangdong,Zhou Xiuji,et al.2015.Validation of aura microwave limb sounder water vapor and ozone profiles over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent region during boreal summer[J].Chinese Science:Earth Science,58(4):589-603.
余环.2011.对流层NO2的卫星和地基遥感反演算法研究及其在华北地区的观测应用[D].中国科学院大气物理研究所博士学位论文,120pp.Yu Huan.2011.Study of the tropospheric NO2 retrieval from satellite and ground-based special measurement and its application in North China[D].Ph.D.dissertation(in Chinese),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,120pp.
张莹.2014.中国臭氧总量30a时空变化以及近地面臭氧浓度气象要素影响研究[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,77pp.Zhang Ying.2014.Variation of total ozone over China for 30 years and meteorological factors on ozone concentrations near the ground[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,77pp.
张中波.2005.地基观测与卫星TOMS观测的全球大气臭氧总量对比分析[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,74pp.Zhang Zhongbo.2005.Comparative analysis of global total atmospheric ozone with groundbased observations and satellite TOMS observations[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,74pp.
郑向东,汤洁,李维亮,等.2000.拉萨地区1998年夏季臭氧总量及垂直廓线的观测研究[J].应用气象学报,11(2):173-179.Zheng Xiangdong,Tang Jie,Li Weiliang,et al.2000.Observational study on total ozone amount and its vertical profile over Lhasa in the summer of1998[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology(in Chinese),11(2):173-179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2000.02.006.
周秀骥,罗超,李维亮,等.1995.中国地区臭氧总量变化与青藏高原低值中心[J].科学通报,40(15):1396-1398.Zhou Xiuji,Luo Chao,Li Weiliang,et al.1995.Variation of total ozone in China and low value center of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),40(15):1396-1398.
周秀骥,李维亮,陈隆勋,等.2004.青藏高原地区大气臭氧变化的研究[J].气象学报,62(5):513-527.Zhou Xiuji,Li Weiliang,Chen Longxun,et al.2004.Study of ozone change over Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),62(5):513-527,doi:10.11676/qxxb2004.053.
Zou H.1996.Seasonal variation and trends of TOMS ozone over Tibet[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,23(9):1029-1032,doi:10.1029/96GL00767.
Zou H,Gao Y Q.1997a.Long-term variation in TOMS ozone over 60-70°S[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,24(18):2295-2298,doi:10.1029/97GL02311.
Zou H,Gao Y Q.1997b.Vertical ozone profile over Tibet using sage I and II data[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,14(4):505-512,doi:10.1007/s00376-997-0068-z.
Brewer A W.1973.A replacement for the Dobson spectrophotometer?[J].Pure Appl.Geophys.,106-108(1):919-927,doi:10.1007/BF00881042.
柴素盈.2016.昆明地区的臭氧探测及地基臭氧总量反演方案的订正研究[D].云南大学博士学位论文,119pp.Chai Suying.2016.Ozone observation and correction of ground-based total ozone retrieval algorithm at Kunming[D].Ph.D.dissertation(in Chinese),Yunnan University,119pp.
Clémer K,van Roozendael M,Fayt C,et al.2010.Multiple wavelength retrieval of tropospheric aerosol optical properties from MAXDOASmeasurements in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,3(4):863-878,doi:10.5194/amt-3-863-2010.
Dobson G M B.1963.Note on the measurement of ozone in the atmosphere[J].Quart.J.Roy.Meteor.Soc.,89(381):409-411,doi:10.1002/qj.49708938112.
Dobson G M B.1968.Forty Years'research on atmospheric ozone at oxford:A history[J].Appl.Opt.,7(3):387-405,doi:10.1364/AO.7.000387.
Kerr J B.2002.New methodology for deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from Brewer spectrophotometer direct sun spectra[J].J.Geophys.Res.,107(D23):ACH 22-1-ACH 22-17,doi:10.1029/2001JD001227.
Kerr J B,Asbridge I A,Evans W F J.1988.Intercomparison of total ozone measured by the brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers at Toronto[J].J.Geophys.Res.,93(D9):11129-11140,doi:10.1029/JD093iD09p11129.
Kerr J B,McElroy C T,Olafson R A.1981.Measurements of total ozone with the Brewer spectrophotometer[C]//Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium.Boulder:National Center for Atmospheric Research,74-79.
Kerr J B,McElroy C T,Tarasick D W,et al.1994.The Canadian ozone watch and UV-B advisory programs[C]//Proceedings of the Quadrennial Ozone Symposium.Virginia:NASA.
李天奕.2011.基于OMI和TOMS的大气臭氧柱总量时空变化的研究[D].中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文,61pp.Li Tianyi.2011.The spatio-temporal variations of the total ozone column based on measurements of OMI and TOMS[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),University of Science and Technology of China,61pp.
Platt U,Perner D,P?tz H W.1979.Simultaneous measurement of atmospheric CH2O,O3,and NO2 by differential optical absorption[J].J.Geophys.Res.,84(C10):6329-6335,doi:10.1029/JC084iC10p06329.
Scarnato B,Staehelin J,Peter T,et al.2009.Temperature and slant path effects in Dobson and Brewer total ozone measurements[J].J.Geophys.Res.,114(D24):https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2009JD012349,doi:10.1029/2009JD012349.
石广玉,白宇波,岩坂泰信,等.2000.拉萨上空大气臭氧垂直分布的高空气球探测[J].地球科学进展,15(5):522-524.Shi Guangyu,Bai Yubo,Iwasaka Y,et al.2000.A balloon measurement of the ozone vertical distribution over Lahsa[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),15(5):522-524,doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2000.05.006.
唐孝炎,张远航,邵敏.1992.大气环境化学[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,606-611.Tang Xiaoyan,Zhang Yuanhang,Shao Min.1992.Atmospheric Environmental Chemistry(in Chinese)[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,606-611.
Vanicek K.2006.Differences between ground Dobson,Brewer and satellite TOMS-8,GOME-WFDOAS total ozone observations at Hradec Kralove,Czech[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,6(12):5163-5171,doi:10.5194/acpd-6-5839-2006.
王刚,张鹏,王维和,等.2009.卫星遥感测量大气二氧化硫的新进展[C]//第26届中国气象学会年会大气成分与天气气候及环境变化分会场论文集.杭州:中国气象学会,274-275.Wang Gang,Zhang Peng,Wang Weihe,et al.2009.New progress of measurement of atmospheric sulfur dioxide by satellite remote sensing[C].Hangzhou:china Meteorological Society,274-275.
王庚辰.1991.我国大气臭氧探测技术的进展现状[J].地球科学进展,6(6):31-36.Wang Gengchen.1991.Current status of atmospheric ozone detection technology in China[J].Advances in Earth Science(in Chinese),6(6):31-36,doi:10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.1991.06.0031.
王庚辰.2003.大气臭氧层和臭氧洞[M].北京:气象出版社,60-70.Wang Gengchen.2003.Atmospheric Ozone Layer and Ozone Hole(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Meteorological Press,60-70.
王普才,吴北婴,章文星.1999.影响地面紫外辐射的因素分析[J].大气科学,23(1):1-8.Wang Pucai,Wu Beiying,Zhang Wenxing.1999.Analysis on the factors affecting surface UV radiation[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences(in Chinese),23(1):1-8,doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1999.01.01.
王卫国,罗燕,陈鲁言,等.2004.中国西南上空大气臭氧垂直分布的结构特征[J].云商大学学报(自然科学版),26(4):315-319.Wang Weiguo,Luo Yan,Chen Luyan,et al.2004.A structural measurement of ozone vertical distribution in spring over Kunming[J].Journal of Yunnan University,26(4):315-319,doi:10.3321/j.issn:0258-7971.2004.04.010.
WMO.2010.Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion[R].World Meteorological Organization Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project-Report No.52,Geneva:WMO.
颜晓露,郑向东,周秀骥,等.2015.夏季青藏高原及其周边地区卫星MLS水汽、臭氧产品的探空检验分析[J].中国科学:地球科学,45(3):335-350.Yan Xiaolu,Zheng Xiangdong,Zhou Xiuji,et al.2015.Validation of aura microwave limb sounder water vapor and ozone profiles over the Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent region during boreal summer[J].Chinese Science:Earth Science,58(4):589-603.
余环.2011.对流层NO2的卫星和地基遥感反演算法研究及其在华北地区的观测应用[D].中国科学院大气物理研究所博士学位论文,120pp.Yu Huan.2011.Study of the tropospheric NO2 retrieval from satellite and ground-based special measurement and its application in North China[D].Ph.D.dissertation(in Chinese),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,120pp.
张莹.2014.中国臭氧总量30a时空变化以及近地面臭氧浓度气象要素影响研究[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,77pp.Zhang Ying.2014.Variation of total ozone over China for 30 years and meteorological factors on ozone concentrations near the ground[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,77pp.
张中波.2005.地基观测与卫星TOMS观测的全球大气臭氧总量对比分析[D].南京信息工程大学硕士学位论文,74pp.Zhang Zhongbo.2005.Comparative analysis of global total atmospheric ozone with groundbased observations and satellite TOMS observations[D].M.S.thesis(in Chinese),Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,74pp.
郑向东,汤洁,李维亮,等.2000.拉萨地区1998年夏季臭氧总量及垂直廓线的观测研究[J].应用气象学报,11(2):173-179.Zheng Xiangdong,Tang Jie,Li Weiliang,et al.2000.Observational study on total ozone amount and its vertical profile over Lhasa in the summer of1998[J].Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology(in Chinese),11(2):173-179,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2000.02.006.
周秀骥,罗超,李维亮,等.1995.中国地区臭氧总量变化与青藏高原低值中心[J].科学通报,40(15):1396-1398.Zhou Xiuji,Luo Chao,Li Weiliang,et al.1995.Variation of total ozone in China and low value center of Tibetan Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin(in Chinese),40(15):1396-1398.
周秀骥,李维亮,陈隆勋,等.2004.青藏高原地区大气臭氧变化的研究[J].气象学报,62(5):513-527.Zhou Xiuji,Li Weiliang,Chen Longxun,et al.2004.Study of ozone change over Tibetan Plateau[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica(in Chinese),62(5):513-527,doi:10.11676/qxxb2004.053.
Zou H.1996.Seasonal variation and trends of TOMS ozone over Tibet[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,23(9):1029-1032,doi:10.1029/96GL00767.
Zou H,Gao Y Q.1997a.Long-term variation in TOMS ozone over 60-70°S[J].Geophys.Res.Lett.,24(18):2295-2298,doi:10.1029/97GL02311.
Zou H,Gao Y Q.1997b.Vertical ozone profile over Tibet using sage I and II data[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,14(4):505-512,doi:10.1007/s00376-997-0068-z.