进出口产品多样化的生产率效应:来自中国制造业的经验研究
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摘要
理论上,进出口产品多样化可通过多种机制促进全要素生产率提高。利用中国制造业面板数据对进出口产品多样化的生产率效应进行实证检验,结果表明,进口产品多样化显著促进了中国制造业全要素生产率提升,而出口产品多样化却对中国制造业全要素生产率形成了抑制。进一步的分析发现,加工贸易为主的出口增长模式是导致"出口产品多样化生产率悖论"的主要原因。
In theory,the import and export product diversification can improve total factor productivity through various mechanisms.This paper carries out empirical tests on the influence of import and export product diversification on manufacturing total factor productivity by using China's manufacture panel data. The results show thatimport product diversification remarkably contributes to the increase of manufacturing total factor productivity,but export product diversification contributes to the depression of manufacturing total factor productivity.Further analysis shows that the processing-trade-focus trade pattern is the main reason for " the export product diversification productivity paradox".
In theory,the import and export product diversification can improve total factor productivity through various mechanisms.This paper carries out empirical tests on the influence of import and export product diversification on manufacturing total factor productivity by using China's manufacture panel data. The results show thatimport product diversification remarkably contributes to the increase of manufacturing total factor productivity,but export product diversification contributes to the depression of manufacturing total factor productivity.Further analysis shows that the processing-trade-focus trade pattern is the main reason for " the export product diversification productivity paradox".
引文
[1]Kasahara H,Rodrigue J.,2008,“Does the Use of Imported Intermediates Increase Productivity Plant-Level Evidence”,Journal of Development Economics,87(1):106-118.
[2]Parsons C R,Nguyen A T.,2009,“Import Variety and Productivity in Japan”,Economics Bulletin,29(3):1947-1959.
[3]钱学锋,王胜,黄云湖,王菊蓉.进口种类与中国制造业全要素生产率[J].世界经济,2011,(05):3-25.
[4]杨晓云.进口中间产品多样性与企业产品创新能力——基于中国制造业微观数据的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013,(10):23-33.
[5]Feenstra R,Kee H L.,2008,“Export Variety and Country Productivity:Estimating the Monopolistic Competition Model with Endogenous Productivity”,Journal of International Economics,74(2):500-518.
[6]Hammouda H B,Karingi S N,Njuguna A E.,2010,“Growth,Productivity and Diversification in Africa”,Journal of Productivity Analysis,33(2):125-146.
[7]Bebczuk R N,Berrettoni D.,2006,Explaining Export Diversification:An Empirical Analysis,Departamento de Economía,Facultad de Ciencias Económicas,Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
[8]NaudéW,Bosker M,Matthee M.,2010,“Export Specialisation and Local Economic Growth”,The World Economy,33(4):552-572.
[9]祝树金,黄一平,张雯娟.我国工业行业出口多样化变迁及其生产率效应研究[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2013(02):142-160.
[10]邱斌,许志新.出口产品多样性与中国制造业全要素生产率关系的研究——基于制造业行业面板数据的实证分析[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,(01):43-49.
[11]Melitz M J.,2003,“The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity”,Econometrica,71(6):1695-1725.
[12]Bernard A B,Redding S J,Schott P K.,2011,“Multiproduct Firms and Trade Liberalization”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics,126(3):1271-1318.
[13]简泽,张涛,伏玉林.进口自由化,竞争与本土企业的全要素生产率——基于中国加入WTO的一个自然实验[J].经济研究,2014,(08):120-132.
[14]Amiti M,Freund,C.,2010,The Anatomy of China's Export Growth,Feenstra R C.,Shang-Jin Wei.China's Growing Role in World Trade,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,35-56.
(1)国民经济行业分类(GB/T4754-2002)将制造业分为30个细分行业。本文剔除了工艺品及其他制造业、废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业,选取了其余的28个制造业分行业。
(2)陈诗一(2011)克服1980年以来工业行业分类标准和工业经济指标统计口径变动等问题,构造了38个工业两位数行业的投入产出数据库,统计方法较为全面和科学,统计数据质量较高。
(3)由于缺乏制造业分行业的贸易数据,本文借鉴钱学锋等(2011)的做法,对基于UNCOMTRADE HS96的六位码贸易数据重新进行集结。具体步骤如下:首先,根据协调制度HS96与国际标准产业分类(ISIC Rev.3)的对照表,将HS96六位码商品代码与ISIC Rev.3四位码商品代码对应。接下来,根据国际标准产业分类(ISIC Rev.3)与国民经济行业分类(GB/T4754-2002)对照表,将HS96六位码商品代码归并到国民经济行业分类的二位码行业代码中。
[2]Parsons C R,Nguyen A T.,2009,“Import Variety and Productivity in Japan”,Economics Bulletin,29(3):1947-1959.
[3]钱学锋,王胜,黄云湖,王菊蓉.进口种类与中国制造业全要素生产率[J].世界经济,2011,(05):3-25.
[4]杨晓云.进口中间产品多样性与企业产品创新能力——基于中国制造业微观数据的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2013,(10):23-33.
[5]Feenstra R,Kee H L.,2008,“Export Variety and Country Productivity:Estimating the Monopolistic Competition Model with Endogenous Productivity”,Journal of International Economics,74(2):500-518.
[6]Hammouda H B,Karingi S N,Njuguna A E.,2010,“Growth,Productivity and Diversification in Africa”,Journal of Productivity Analysis,33(2):125-146.
[7]Bebczuk R N,Berrettoni D.,2006,Explaining Export Diversification:An Empirical Analysis,Departamento de Economía,Facultad de Ciencias Económicas,Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
[8]NaudéW,Bosker M,Matthee M.,2010,“Export Specialisation and Local Economic Growth”,The World Economy,33(4):552-572.
[9]祝树金,黄一平,张雯娟.我国工业行业出口多样化变迁及其生产率效应研究[J].世界经济与政治论坛,2013(02):142-160.
[10]邱斌,许志新.出口产品多样性与中国制造业全要素生产率关系的研究——基于制造业行业面板数据的实证分析[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2013,(01):43-49.
[11]Melitz M J.,2003,“The Impact of Trade on Intra-industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity”,Econometrica,71(6):1695-1725.
[12]Bernard A B,Redding S J,Schott P K.,2011,“Multiproduct Firms and Trade Liberalization”,The Quarterly Journal of Economics,126(3):1271-1318.
[13]简泽,张涛,伏玉林.进口自由化,竞争与本土企业的全要素生产率——基于中国加入WTO的一个自然实验[J].经济研究,2014,(08):120-132.
[14]Amiti M,Freund,C.,2010,The Anatomy of China's Export Growth,Feenstra R C.,Shang-Jin Wei.China's Growing Role in World Trade,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,35-56.
(1)国民经济行业分类(GB/T4754-2002)将制造业分为30个细分行业。本文剔除了工艺品及其他制造业、废弃资源和废旧材料回收加工业,选取了其余的28个制造业分行业。
(2)陈诗一(2011)克服1980年以来工业行业分类标准和工业经济指标统计口径变动等问题,构造了38个工业两位数行业的投入产出数据库,统计方法较为全面和科学,统计数据质量较高。
(3)由于缺乏制造业分行业的贸易数据,本文借鉴钱学锋等(2011)的做法,对基于UNCOMTRADE HS96的六位码贸易数据重新进行集结。具体步骤如下:首先,根据协调制度HS96与国际标准产业分类(ISIC Rev.3)的对照表,将HS96六位码商品代码与ISIC Rev.3四位码商品代码对应。接下来,根据国际标准产业分类(ISIC Rev.3)与国民经济行业分类(GB/T4754-2002)对照表,将HS96六位码商品代码归并到国民经济行业分类的二位码行业代码中。