株行距及穴苗数的配置对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响
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摘要
为明确垦稻26和龙粳31高产优质栽培的株行距和穴苗数处理,采取裂区设计进行试验研究。结果表明,最优群体因品种而异,垦稻26在株距10cm、行距30cm、5苗/穴产量最佳,龙粳31则以株距13.3cm、行距27cm、9苗/穴产量最佳;垦稻26在5苗/穴、行株距30cm×10cm处理,有利于提高稻米的碾磨品质,不利于改善稻米的外观品质,营养品质较低,利于改善稻米的食味品质,且食味评分值高达86.5,显著高于最低处理;龙粳31在5苗/穴、行株距27cm×13.3cm处理,碾磨品质较高,不利于营养品质和外观品质的改善,食味品质得到明显改善,食味评分值高达86.0,与最低处理差异达显著水平。因此,高产优质栽培要因品种选择适宜的穴苗数和株行距,是实现水稻高产优质最为快捷、最为经济有效的措施。
The split-plot design was adopted for the experimental study to determine the configuration of plant spacing,row spacing and seedling number per hole of Kendao 26 and Longjing 31 for high-yield and high-quality cultivation.Results showed that optimal rice population varied with rice variety,the best configuration of Kendao 26 for rice yield was plant spacing of 10 cm,row spacing of 30 cm and 5 seedlings/hole,while the best configuration of Longjing 31 for rice yield was plant spacing of 13.3 cm,row spacing of 27 cm and 9 seedlings/hole.Cultivation of rice Kendao 26 in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 10 cm×30 cm and 5 rice seedlings/hole was conducive to improve the milling quality of rice but had an adverse impact on the improvement of appearance quality.The relatively low nutrition content of rice had helped the improvement of eating quality of rice with the taste score of rice up to86.5,which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing.Rice Longjing 31 cultivated in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 13.3 cm×27 cm and 5 seedlings/hole had high milling quality.Cultivation in such configuration was not good for improving nutritional quality or appearance quality,but its eating quality was improved substantially with its taste score reached 86.0,which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing.Therefore,the appropriate configuration of seedling number per hole,plant spacing and row spacing shall be chosen in respect of different rice varieties for high-yield and high-quality cultivation,and it is the fastest and the most economical and effective measure to achieve high-yield and high-quality of rice.
The split-plot design was adopted for the experimental study to determine the configuration of plant spacing,row spacing and seedling number per hole of Kendao 26 and Longjing 31 for high-yield and high-quality cultivation.Results showed that optimal rice population varied with rice variety,the best configuration of Kendao 26 for rice yield was plant spacing of 10 cm,row spacing of 30 cm and 5 seedlings/hole,while the best configuration of Longjing 31 for rice yield was plant spacing of 13.3 cm,row spacing of 27 cm and 9 seedlings/hole.Cultivation of rice Kendao 26 in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 10 cm×30 cm and 5 rice seedlings/hole was conducive to improve the milling quality of rice but had an adverse impact on the improvement of appearance quality.The relatively low nutrition content of rice had helped the improvement of eating quality of rice with the taste score of rice up to86.5,which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing.Rice Longjing 31 cultivated in the configuration of plant by row spacing of 13.3 cm×27 cm and 5 seedlings/hole had high milling quality.Cultivation in such configuration was not good for improving nutritional quality or appearance quality,but its eating quality was improved substantially with its taste score reached 86.0,which was significantly different from that of rice upon minimum processing.Therefore,the appropriate configuration of seedling number per hole,plant spacing and row spacing shall be chosen in respect of different rice varieties for high-yield and high-quality cultivation,and it is the fastest and the most economical and effective measure to achieve high-yield and high-quality of rice.
引文
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[22]唐启义.DPS统计软件简介.中国医院统计,2009,16(1):99.
[23]林洪鑫,肖运萍,袁展汽,等.水稻合理密植及其优质高产机理研究进展.中国农学通报,2011,27(9):1-4.
[24]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨.中国农业科学,1993(6):1-11.
[25]郑桂萍,梁金国,赵洋,等.群体构建因素与寒地水稻产量关系的研究.上海农业学报,2014,30(3):56-61.
[26]江海,王秋菊,赵宏亮,等.寒地水稻不同群体密度品质优化研究.黑龙江农业科学,2010(12):10-13.
[27]唐亮,徐正进,袁媛.水稻RIL群体产量性状和品质性状与穗部性状的关系.种子,2007,26(5):67-71.
[28]江思民,张子军.寒地水稻穗部性状与稻米品质的关系研究.现代化农业,2010(8):24-25.
[2]Wang L,Sun Y,Zhang H C,et al.Effect of zn and si fertilizers applied at different stages on yield and quality of japonica rice with good eating quality.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2017,43(6):885-898.
[3]成臣,曾勇军,吕伟生,等.南方稻区优质晚粳稻产量和品质调优的播期效应.核农学报,2018,32(10):2019-2030.
[4]王夫玉,张洪程.行株距配比对水稻群体特征的影响.甘肃农业学报,2001,13(3):38-42.
[5]杨文钰,屠乃美.作物栽培学各论(南方本).北京:中国农业出版社,2003:8-11.
[6]林文雄,吴志强,梁义元,等.杂交水稻高产栽培技术体系的研究II:晚季汕优63高产栽培的数学模型分析.福建农学院学报,1989,18(3):269-274.
[7]王雪仁,梁康廷,黄荣华,等.籼型杂交水稻穗颖花数和莲秆特性的遗传分析.福建农林大学学报,2001,30(1):9-15.
[8]吴志强,林文雄,梁义元.杂交水稻的高产栽培技术体系研究I:杂交早稻高产栽培的数学模型分析.福建农学院学报,1989,18(1):19-24.
[9]凌启鸿.作物群体质量.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2000:96-106.
[10]陈万胜,谢俊峰,金海燕,等.水稻单产徘徊不前的原因及其对策.中国农学通报,2003,19(1):102-103.
[11]赵世龙,金玉女,田奉俊,等.水稻大养稀栽培的根系生长研究.吉林农业科学,1999,24(3)17-19.
[12]Zhang Z,Gu T,Zhao B,et al.Effects of common Echinochloa varieties on grain yield and grain quality of rice.Field Crops Research,2017:163-172.
[13]耿雷跃,张薇,邹拓,等.河北水稻地方种质品质多样性分析.作物杂志,2018(1):49-55.
[14]王成瑷,王伯伦,张文香,等.栽培密度对水稻产量及品质的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,2004,35(4):318-322.
[15]杨国才,游艾青,胡刚,等.施氮用量和栽插密度对杂交早稻W两优3418产量及米质的影响.湖北农业科学,2009,48(2):2944-2946.
[16]叶全宝,张洪程,李华,等.施氮水平和栽插密度对粳稻淀粉RVA谱特性的影响.作物学报,2005,31(1):124-130.
[17]成臣,曾勇军,王祺,等.施氮量对晚粳稻甬优1538产量、品质及氮素吸收利用的影响.水土保持学报,2018,32(5):222-228.
[18]李军,肖丹丹,邓先亮,等.镁锌肥追施时期对优良食味粳稻产量及品质的影响.中国农业科学,2018,51(8):1448-1463.
[19]从夕汉,施伏芝,阮新民,等.氮肥水平对不同基因型水稻氮素利用率、产量和品质的影响.应用生态学报,2017,28(4):1219-1226.
[20]贺云梅,时佩佩,何爱萍,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗水稻群体质量的影响.安徽农业科学,2018,46(9):49-50,62.
[21]陈勇,张海清,刘爱民,等.杂交水稻制种父本机插秧与施肥方式对其群体生长发育的影响.作物研究,2017,31(4):355-359,376.
[22]唐启义.DPS统计软件简介.中国医院统计,2009,16(1):99.
[23]林洪鑫,肖运萍,袁展汽,等.水稻合理密植及其优质高产机理研究进展.中国农学通报,2011,27(9):1-4.
[24]凌启鸿,张洪程,蔡建中,等.水稻高产群体质量及其优化控制探讨.中国农业科学,1993(6):1-11.
[25]郑桂萍,梁金国,赵洋,等.群体构建因素与寒地水稻产量关系的研究.上海农业学报,2014,30(3):56-61.
[26]江海,王秋菊,赵宏亮,等.寒地水稻不同群体密度品质优化研究.黑龙江农业科学,2010(12):10-13.
[27]唐亮,徐正进,袁媛.水稻RIL群体产量性状和品质性状与穗部性状的关系.种子,2007,26(5):67-71.
[28]江思民,张子军.寒地水稻穗部性状与稻米品质的关系研究.现代化农业,2010(8):24-25.