五大连池火山熔岩台地植物多样性与土壤养分的关系
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摘要
采用空间序列代替时间序列的方法对五大连池不同年代火山熔岩台地进行样方调查,在得到物种组成和土壤养分的基础上,运用相关性分析探讨不同火山熔岩台地植物多样性及其与土壤养分之间的关系。结果表明:植物物种的科、属、种数量在新期火山中最低,随着火山形成年代的增加,老期火山植物物种的科、属、种数量最高;群落乔木层、灌木层的多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数在17万a火山具有最大值(P<0.05),群落草本层的多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数在28万a火山具有最大值(P<0.05)。随着火山形成年代的增加,这4项指数均呈现先增加后减小的趋势,支持了森林生态系统中间阶段具有较高物种多样性的"中度干扰假说";土壤pH值、全磷、全钾、速效钾质量分数在新期火山最高(290 a),显著高于老期火山(P<0.05),随着火山形成年代的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势;土壤有机质、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷质量分数在40～50万a火山具有最大值,显著高于其他时期火山熔岩台地(P<0.05),随着火山形成年代的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。乔、灌、草不同层次多样性指数与土壤的pH值、全氮、全钾有明显的相关性。
To determine species composition and soil nutrients in different lava platforms as well as the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients, volcanic lava platforms of different ages in Wudalianchi were used as research samples using a spatial sequence approach instead of a temporal sequence and correlation analysis. Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes were also used. Results showed that as the age of the volcanoes increased, the number of genera and species of plants was lowest in new volcanic lava platforms and was highest in old volcanic lava platforms. Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of tree and shrub were highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 170 000 years than others(P <0.05), howere, Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of herb layers were highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 280 000 years than others(P <0.05), which all initially increased and then decreased in support of the "intermediate disturbance hypothesis" in the forest ecosystem. Total P, total K, available N, and pH in the soil was highest in new volcanic lava platforms(290 years)than others(P<0.05), which initially decreased and then increased. However, soil organic carbon, total N, ammonium N, nitrate N, and available P was highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 400 000-500 000 years than others(P<0.05),which initially increased and then decreased. Moreover, richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of different layers were positively correlated with pH, total N, and total K in the soil(P<0.05).
To determine species composition and soil nutrients in different lava platforms as well as the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients, volcanic lava platforms of different ages in Wudalianchi were used as research samples using a spatial sequence approach instead of a temporal sequence and correlation analysis. Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes were also used. Results showed that as the age of the volcanoes increased, the number of genera and species of plants was lowest in new volcanic lava platforms and was highest in old volcanic lava platforms. Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of tree and shrub were highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 170 000 years than others(P <0.05), howere, Richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of herb layers were highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 280 000 years than others(P <0.05), which all initially increased and then decreased in support of the "intermediate disturbance hypothesis" in the forest ecosystem. Total P, total K, available N, and pH in the soil was highest in new volcanic lava platforms(290 years)than others(P<0.05), which initially decreased and then increased. However, soil organic carbon, total N, ammonium N, nitrate N, and available P was highest in volcanic lava platforms erupted at 400 000-500 000 years than others(P<0.05),which initially increased and then decreased. Moreover, richness, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou indexes of different layers were positively correlated with pH, total N, and total K in the soil(P<0.05).
引文
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[11]王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,等.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响[J].生态学报,2016, 36(17):5485-5496.WANG Ying, PANG Xiaopan, XIAO Yu, et al. The effect of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbance on the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2016, 36(17):5485-5496.
[12]杨元武,李希来,周旭辉,等.高寒草甸植物群落退化与土壤环境特征的关系研究[J].草地学报, 2016, 24(6):1211-1217.YANG Yuanwu, LI Xilai, ZHOU Xuhui, et al. Study on relationship between plant community degradation and soil environment in an alpine meadow[J]. Acta Agrestia Sin, 2016, 24(6):1211-1217.
[13]盛茂银,熊康宁,崔高仰,等.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(2):434-448.SHENG Maoyin, XIONG Kangning, CUI Gaoyang, et al. Plant diversity and soil physical-chemical properties in karst rocky desertification ecosystem of Guizhou, China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(2):434-448.
[14]杨媛媛,陈奇伯,黎建强,等.滇中高原华山松植物多样性与土壤生物肥力特征[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):90-96.YANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Qibo, LI Jianqiang, et al. Vegetation diversity and soil biological fertility of Pinus armandii in Central Yunnan Plateau, China[J]. Soil, 2017, 49(1):90-96.
[15]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法(Ⅰ)α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性, 1994, 2(4):231-239.MA Keping, LIU Yuming. Methods for measuring biodiversity of communities(Ⅰ)Methods of measuringαdiversity[J]. Biodiversity Sci, 1994, 2(4):231-239.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000:146-195.
[17] PETRAGLIA M D, DITCHFIELD P, JONES S, et al. The Toba volcanic super-eruption, environmental change, and hominin oppucation history in India over the last 140 000 years[J]. Quaternary Int, 2012, 258(5):119-134.
[18]龚直文,亢新刚,顾丽.森林植被恢复阶段群落研究动态综述[J].江西农业大学学报, 2009, 31(2):283-291.GONG Zhiwen, KANG Xingang, GU Li. Dynamics of community study on forest vegetation in restoration stages[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2009, 31(2):283-291.
[19] CONNELL J H. Diversity in tropical rain forest and coralreefs[J]. Science, 1978, 199:1302-1310
[20] WALKER L R, SIKES D S, DEGANGE A R, et al. Biological legacies:dired early ecosystem recovery and food wed reorganization after a colcanic in Alaska[J]. Ecoscience, 2013, 20(3):1-12.
[21] del MORAL R, WOOD D M. Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens[J]. J Veg Sci, 1993, 4:223-234.
[22]周胜男,梁宇,贺红士,等.火山喷发后植被演替的影响因子[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1):234-242.ZHOU Shengnan, LIANG Yu, HE Hongshi, et al. Factors affecting vegetation succession after volcano eruptions[J].Chin J Ecol, 2016, 35(1):234-242.
[23]张荣涛.五大连池火山植物物种多样性及其与生态因子关系[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2014.ZHANG Rongtao. Factor and Its Relationship with the Ecological Diversity of Plant Species Wudalianchi Volcano[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agriculture University, 2014.
[24]杨小波,张桃林,吴庆书.海南琼北地区不同植被类型物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态学报,2002, 22(2):190-196.YANG Xiaobo, ZHANG Taolin, WU Qingshu. The relationship between biodiversity and soil fertility characteristics on abandoned fields in the tropical region of Southern China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22(2):190-196.
[25]王凯博,陈美玲,秦娟,等.子午岭植被自然演替中植物多样性变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].西北植物学报, 2007, 27(10):2089-2096.WANG Kaibo, CHEN Meiling, QIN Juan, et al. Plant species diversity and the relation with soil properties in natural succession process in Ziwuling area[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2007, 27(10):2089-2096.
[26]魏晓雪,姜明月,方振兴,等.五大连池地区矮曲林物种多样性及与土壤因子关系[J].安徽农业科学,2016, 44(1):14-17.WEI Xiaoxue, JIANG Mingyue, FANG Zhenxing, et al. Diversity of elfin forest species in Wudalianchi and the relationship between diversity and soil factors[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2016, 44(1):14-17.
[2]黄庆阳,朱道光,钟海秀,等.五大连池种子植物属的区系分析[J].植物研究, 2014, 34(2):200-203.HUANG Qingyang, ZHU Daoguang, ZHONG Haixiu, et al. Floristic analysis on spermatophyte genera in Wudalianchi[J]. Bull Bot Res, 2014, 34(2):200-203.
[3]谢立红,黄庆阳,曹宏杰,等.五大连池新期火山熔岩台地维管束植物物种多样性[J].西北植物学报,2017, 37(4):790-796.XIE Lihong, HUANG Qingyang, CAO Hongjie, et al. Species diversity of vascular plants in new stage volcanic lava plateau in Wudalianchi[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2017, 37(4):790-796.
[4]福英,白学良,张乐,等.五大连池火山熔岩地貌苔藓植物对土壤养分积累的作用[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(10):3288-3297.FU Ying, BAI Xueliang, ZHANG Le, et al. The effect of bryophytes on nutrient accumulation in surface soil in the Wudalianchi volcanic area[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(10):3288-3297.
[5]沈海滨,王小德,董立军.黑龙江五大连池风景区主要植被类型特征[J].北方园艺, 2011(1):108-111.SHEN Haibin, WANG Xiaode, DONG Lijun. Characteristics of main vegetation types in Wudalianchi scenic spot of Heilongjiang Province[J]. North Hortic, 2011(1):108-111.
[6] REICH P B, TJOELKER M G, MACHADO J L, et al. Universal scaling of respiratory metabolism, size and nitrogen in plants[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7075):457-461.
[7] HOLMES P. Shrubland restoration following woody alien invasion and mining:effects of topsoil depth, seed source,and fertilizer addition[J]. Restoration Ecol, 2001, 9(1):71-84.
[8]崔宁洁,张丹桔,刘洋,等.不同林龄马尾松人工林林下植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学杂志,2014, 33(10):2610-2617.CUI Ningjie, ZHANG Danju, LIU Yang, et al. Plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties under different aged Pinus massoniana plantations[J]. Chin J Ecol, 2014, 33(10):2610-2617.
[9] BLOOR J M G, BARDGETT R D. Stability of above-ground and below-ground processes to extreme drought in model grassland ecosystems:interactions with plant species diversity and soil nitrogen availability[J]. Perspect Plant Ecol,Syst, 2012, 14(3):193-204.
[10]李玉进,胡澍,焦菊英,等.黄土丘陵区不同侵蚀环境下土壤有机碳对植被恢复的响应[J].生态学报,2017, 37(12):4100-4107.LI Yujin, HU Shu, JIAO Juying, et al. Response of soil organic carbon to vegetation restoration in different erosion environments in the hilly-gullied region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2017, 37(12):4100-4107.
[11]王莹,庞晓攀,肖玉,等.高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸植物多样性与土壤养分间关系的影响[J].生态学报,2016, 36(17):5485-5496.WANG Ying, PANG Xiaopan, XIAO Yu, et al. The effect of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)disturbance on the relationship between plant diversity and soil nutrients of alpine meadow[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2016, 36(17):5485-5496.
[12]杨元武,李希来,周旭辉,等.高寒草甸植物群落退化与土壤环境特征的关系研究[J].草地学报, 2016, 24(6):1211-1217.YANG Yuanwu, LI Xilai, ZHOU Xuhui, et al. Study on relationship between plant community degradation and soil environment in an alpine meadow[J]. Acta Agrestia Sin, 2016, 24(6):1211-1217.
[13]盛茂银,熊康宁,崔高仰,等.贵州喀斯特石漠化地区植物多样性与土壤理化性质[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(2):434-448.SHENG Maoyin, XIONG Kangning, CUI Gaoyang, et al. Plant diversity and soil physical-chemical properties in karst rocky desertification ecosystem of Guizhou, China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2015, 35(2):434-448.
[14]杨媛媛,陈奇伯,黎建强,等.滇中高原华山松植物多样性与土壤生物肥力特征[J].土壤, 2017, 49(1):90-96.YANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Qibo, LI Jianqiang, et al. Vegetation diversity and soil biological fertility of Pinus armandii in Central Yunnan Plateau, China[J]. Soil, 2017, 49(1):90-96.
[15]马克平,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法(Ⅰ)α多样性的测度方法(下)[J].生物多样性, 1994, 2(4):231-239.MA Keping, LIU Yuming. Methods for measuring biodiversity of communities(Ⅰ)Methods of measuringαdiversity[J]. Biodiversity Sci, 1994, 2(4):231-239.
[16]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社, 2000:146-195.
[17] PETRAGLIA M D, DITCHFIELD P, JONES S, et al. The Toba volcanic super-eruption, environmental change, and hominin oppucation history in India over the last 140 000 years[J]. Quaternary Int, 2012, 258(5):119-134.
[18]龚直文,亢新刚,顾丽.森林植被恢复阶段群落研究动态综述[J].江西农业大学学报, 2009, 31(2):283-291.GONG Zhiwen, KANG Xingang, GU Li. Dynamics of community study on forest vegetation in restoration stages[J].Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2009, 31(2):283-291.
[19] CONNELL J H. Diversity in tropical rain forest and coralreefs[J]. Science, 1978, 199:1302-1310
[20] WALKER L R, SIKES D S, DEGANGE A R, et al. Biological legacies:dired early ecosystem recovery and food wed reorganization after a colcanic in Alaska[J]. Ecoscience, 2013, 20(3):1-12.
[21] del MORAL R, WOOD D M. Early primary succession on the volcano Mount St. Helens[J]. J Veg Sci, 1993, 4:223-234.
[22]周胜男,梁宇,贺红士,等.火山喷发后植被演替的影响因子[J].生态学杂志, 2016, 35(1):234-242.ZHOU Shengnan, LIANG Yu, HE Hongshi, et al. Factors affecting vegetation succession after volcano eruptions[J].Chin J Ecol, 2016, 35(1):234-242.
[23]张荣涛.五大连池火山植物物种多样性及其与生态因子关系[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2014.ZHANG Rongtao. Factor and Its Relationship with the Ecological Diversity of Plant Species Wudalianchi Volcano[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agriculture University, 2014.
[24]杨小波,张桃林,吴庆书.海南琼北地区不同植被类型物种多样性与土壤肥力的关系[J].生态学报,2002, 22(2):190-196.YANG Xiaobo, ZHANG Taolin, WU Qingshu. The relationship between biodiversity and soil fertility characteristics on abandoned fields in the tropical region of Southern China[J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 2002, 22(2):190-196.
[25]王凯博,陈美玲,秦娟,等.子午岭植被自然演替中植物多样性变化及其与土壤理化性质的关系[J].西北植物学报, 2007, 27(10):2089-2096.WANG Kaibo, CHEN Meiling, QIN Juan, et al. Plant species diversity and the relation with soil properties in natural succession process in Ziwuling area[J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 2007, 27(10):2089-2096.
[26]魏晓雪,姜明月,方振兴,等.五大连池地区矮曲林物种多样性及与土壤因子关系[J].安徽农业科学,2016, 44(1):14-17.WEI Xiaoxue, JIANG Mingyue, FANG Zhenxing, et al. Diversity of elfin forest species in Wudalianchi and the relationship between diversity and soil factors[J]. J Anhui Agric Sci, 2016, 44(1):14-17.