徐深气田成藏条件及勘探开发关键技术
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摘要
火山岩气藏的勘探和开发是世界级难题,国内外可借鉴的经验极少。通过研究徐深气田的成藏条件,明确了徐深气田发育以沙河子组泥岩和煤层为主的4套烃源岩和以登娄库组二段和泉头组一段+二段泥岩为盖层的生-储-盖组合,通过成藏史模拟确定了徐深气田具有4次充注时期,以构造高、厚度大、物性好的火山口区为最有利勘探目标。以成岩机理为研究基础,建立了气层层序系列、岩性识别、储层类别等标准,精细刻画了火山岩体,厘清了气藏有效储层展布规律。在储层储渗特征评价基础上,确定了气井产能特征(以Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类井为主),形成了火山岩气藏开发优化设计技术。将徐深气田各区块气藏归纳为单体单一、多体不连通及多体连通3种气藏模式;形成直井多层压裂、裸眼水平井分段压裂及体积压裂等增产改造技术;根据气井生产动态、压力变化、井控储量及火山体空间展布,结合气藏数值模拟预测,形成了火山岩气藏剩余潜力评价方法。建立完善的复杂火山岩气藏有效勘探开发关键技术,实际应用开发效果良好。这一研究成果对同类气藏的勘探开发起到一定的指导和借鉴作用。
Exploration and development of volcanic gas reservoirs is a world-class problem,and less experience can be learned at home and abroad.Through study of gas accumulation conditions of Xushen gas field,four sets of hydrocarbon source rocks,mainly mudstone and coal seam of Shahezi Formation,are identified in this gas field;its cap rocks are mudstone in Member 2 of Denglouku Formation,and Member 1 and Member 2 of Quantou Formation.By simulating reservoir-forming history,four filling periods of the Xushen gas field are determined,and the most favorable exploration targets are crater areas with structural highs,large thickness and good physical properties.On the basis of diagenetic mechanism study,the criteria of sequence series,lithology identification and reservoir types of gas reservoirs have been established;the volcanic rock bodies have been carefully depicted and the distribution laws of effective reservoirs of gas pools have been figured out.Based on evaluating reservoir-permeability characteristics of reservoirs,the gas well productivity characteristics(mainly type Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ wells)have been identified,and the optimum design technology for volcanic gas reservoir development has been developed.The gas reservoirs in all blocks of Xushen gas field are classified into three types:single-body gas reservoir model,disconnected multi-body gas reservoir model and interconnected multi-body gas reservoir model.Stimulation technologies,including multi-layer fracturing of vertical well,staged fracturing of open-hole horizontal well and volume fracturing,have been developed.According to gas well production performance,pressure change,well-controlled reserves and spatial distribution of volcanic bodies,combined with numerical simulation and prediction of gas reservoirs,the evaluation method of residual potential of volcanic gas reservoirs has been formed.Key technologies for effective exploration and development of complex volcanic gas reservoirs have been established and perfected,and bring good development effect.The research results can provide guidance and reference for exploration and development of similar gas reservoirs.
Exploration and development of volcanic gas reservoirs is a world-class problem,and less experience can be learned at home and abroad.Through study of gas accumulation conditions of Xushen gas field,four sets of hydrocarbon source rocks,mainly mudstone and coal seam of Shahezi Formation,are identified in this gas field;its cap rocks are mudstone in Member 2 of Denglouku Formation,and Member 1 and Member 2 of Quantou Formation.By simulating reservoir-forming history,four filling periods of the Xushen gas field are determined,and the most favorable exploration targets are crater areas with structural highs,large thickness and good physical properties.On the basis of diagenetic mechanism study,the criteria of sequence series,lithology identification and reservoir types of gas reservoirs have been established;the volcanic rock bodies have been carefully depicted and the distribution laws of effective reservoirs of gas pools have been figured out.Based on evaluating reservoir-permeability characteristics of reservoirs,the gas well productivity characteristics(mainly type Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ wells)have been identified,and the optimum design technology for volcanic gas reservoir development has been developed.The gas reservoirs in all blocks of Xushen gas field are classified into three types:single-body gas reservoir model,disconnected multi-body gas reservoir model and interconnected multi-body gas reservoir model.Stimulation technologies,including multi-layer fracturing of vertical well,staged fracturing of open-hole horizontal well and volume fracturing,have been developed.According to gas well production performance,pressure change,well-controlled reserves and spatial distribution of volcanic bodies,combined with numerical simulation and prediction of gas reservoirs,the evaluation method of residual potential of volcanic gas reservoirs has been formed.Key technologies for effective exploration and development of complex volcanic gas reservoirs have been established and perfected,and bring good development effect.The research results can provide guidance and reference for exploration and development of similar gas reservoirs.
引文
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[5]赵然磊,王璞珺,赵慧,等.火山地层界面的储层意义---以松辽盆地南部火石岭组为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(4):454-463.ZHAO Ranlei,WANG Pujun,ZHAO Hui,et al.Reservoir significance of volcano stratigraphic boundary:a case study of Huoshiling Formation,Southern Songliao Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(4):454-463.
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[8]庞彦明,毕晓明,邵锐,等.火山岩气藏早期开发特征及其控制因素[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):882-886.PANG Yanming,BI Xiaoming,SHAO Rui,et al.Early-stage development characteristics of volcanic gas reservoirs and its controlling factors[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):882-886.
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[10]舒萍,曲延明,丁日新,等.松辽盆地北部庆深气田火山岩储层岩性岩相研究[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2007,26(6):31-35.SHU Ping,QU Yanming,DING Rixin,et al.Research on lithology and facies of volcanic reservoirs in Qingshen gas field of north Songliao Basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2007,26(6):31-35.
[11]杨双玲,刘万洙,于士泉,等.松辽盆地火山岩储层储集空间特征及其成因[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(3):506-512.YANG Shuangling,LIU Wanzhu,YU Shiquan,et al.Pore textures and its causes of volcanic reservoir in Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(3):506-512.
[12]余淳梅,郑建平,唐勇,等.准噶尔盆地五彩湾凹陷基底火山岩储集性能及影响因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2004,29(3):303-308.YU Chunmei,ZHENG Jianping,TANG Yong,et al.Reservoir properties and effect factors on volcanic rocks of basement beneath Wucaiwan depression,Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science:Journal of China University of Geosciences,2004,29(3):303-308.
[13]王璞珺,迟元林,刘万洙,等.松辽盆地火山岩相:类型、特征和储层意义[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(4):449-456.WANG Pujun,CHI Yuanlin,LIU Wanzhu,et al.Volcanic Facies of the Songliao Basin:classification,characteristics and reservoir significance[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2003,33(4):449-456.
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