黔产刺梨不同部位重金属污染与分布特征
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摘要
目的:研究刺梨不同部位重金属污染与分布特征。方法:采用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪测定刺梨不同部位重金属含量,采用富集系数法、污染指数法、相关性分析对重金属含量进行评价。结果:重金属标准曲线分别为Pb:Y=373.54X-2.168 7(0~100μg·L-1),As:Y=120.184X+1.626(0~100μg·L-1),Hg:Y=742.222X-16.301(0~2μg·L-1),Cd:Y=0.023 3X+0.017 9(0~10μg·L-1),相关系数均>0.999。依据《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》(WM/T2-2004)中重金属限值,131批刺梨样品中(15批刺梨根,48批刺梨茎,48批刺梨叶,20批刺梨果),有25批样品存在重金属超标,包括Cd 16批,Hg 4批,Pb 4批,As 1批。各重金属的单因子污染指数为Cd>Pb>Hg>As,刺梨各部位的综合污染指数为根>茎>叶>果,富集系数为Cd>Hg>Pb≈As。刺梨基地45批土壤样品重金属Pb,As,Hg,Cd平均值均低于国家土壤二级标准限定值,符合中药材种植规范基地土壤中重金属限量规定要求。结论:刺梨植株污染Cd主要来自土壤,Hg,Pb,As可能与大气沉降和农业活动有关。
Objective: To investigate the pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different parts of Rosa roxburghii. Method: The contents of heavy metals in different parts of R. roxburghii were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Then the contents of heavy metals were evaluated by using bioconcentration factors( BCF) method,pollution index method,and correlation analysis. Result: The standard curves of Pb, As, Hg and Cd( heavy metals) were Y = 373. 54 X-2. 168 7( 0-100 μg·L-1),Y = 120. 184 X + 1. 626( 0-100 μg·L-1),Y = 742. 222 X-16. 301( 0-2 μg·L-1),and Y = 0. 023 3 X + 0. 017 9( 0-10 μg·L-1) respectively( r ≥ 0. 999). Among 131 samples of R. roxburghii( including 15 batches of root,48 batches of stem,48 batches of leaf,and 20 batches of fruit),25 batches of samples exceeded the standard of heavy metals based on the limits of heavy metals in Green Standards of Medicinal Plants and Preparations for Foreign Trade and Economy( WM/T2-2004),including 16 batches of Cd,4 batches of Hg,4 batches of Pb and 1 batch of As. The single factor pollution index of heavy metals was Cd > Pb > Hg >As. The comprehensive pollution index in different parts of R. roxburghii was root > stem > leaf > fruit. The average BCF was Cd > Hg > Pb ≈ As. The average contents of heavy metals( Pb,As,Hg,and Cd) in 45 batches of soil samples in R. roxburghii base were all lower than the limit values in Grade Ⅱ national standard for soils,complying with the requirements on the limit values of heavy metals in base soils for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusion: The Cd pollution of R. roxburghii mainly comes from soil,while Hg,Pb,and As may be related to atmospheric deposition and agricultural activities.
Objective: To investigate the pollution and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in different parts of Rosa roxburghii. Method: The contents of heavy metals in different parts of R. roxburghii were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and atomic fluorescence spectrometer. Then the contents of heavy metals were evaluated by using bioconcentration factors( BCF) method,pollution index method,and correlation analysis. Result: The standard curves of Pb, As, Hg and Cd( heavy metals) were Y = 373. 54 X-2. 168 7( 0-100 μg·L-1),Y = 120. 184 X + 1. 626( 0-100 μg·L-1),Y = 742. 222 X-16. 301( 0-2 μg·L-1),and Y = 0. 023 3 X + 0. 017 9( 0-10 μg·L-1) respectively( r ≥ 0. 999). Among 131 samples of R. roxburghii( including 15 batches of root,48 batches of stem,48 batches of leaf,and 20 batches of fruit),25 batches of samples exceeded the standard of heavy metals based on the limits of heavy metals in Green Standards of Medicinal Plants and Preparations for Foreign Trade and Economy( WM/T2-2004),including 16 batches of Cd,4 batches of Hg,4 batches of Pb and 1 batch of As. The single factor pollution index of heavy metals was Cd > Pb > Hg >As. The comprehensive pollution index in different parts of R. roxburghii was root > stem > leaf > fruit. The average BCF was Cd > Hg > Pb ≈ As. The average contents of heavy metals( Pb,As,Hg,and Cd) in 45 batches of soil samples in R. roxburghii base were all lower than the limit values in Grade Ⅱ national standard for soils,complying with the requirements on the limit values of heavy metals in base soils for the cultivation of Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusion: The Cd pollution of R. roxburghii mainly comes from soil,while Hg,Pb,and As may be related to atmospheric deposition and agricultural activities.
引文
[1]Asgari L B,Ghorbanpour M,Nikabadi S.Heavy metals in contaminated environment:destiny of secondary metabolite biosynthesis,oxidative status and phytoextraction in medicinal plants[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2017,145:377.
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[3]Hajar E W I,Sulaiman A Z B,Sakinah A M M.Assessment of heavy metals tolerance in leaves,stems and flowers of Stevia Rebaudiana,plant[J].Procedia Environ Sci,2014,20(20):386-393.
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[5]梁尧,姜晓莉,李刚,等.吉林省非林地栽参基地土壤和人参根部重金属元素含量分析及风险评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(3):68-76.
[6]颜慧,冯会,黄玮,等.丹参主要产地的土壤及药材重金属污染评价[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):288-293.
[7]阎秀兰,廖晓勇,于冰冰,等.药用植物三七对土壤中砷的累积特征及其健康风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(3):880-885.
[8]贵州省药品监督管理局.贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标准[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2003:230-232.
[9]刘丹,江帆,丁小艳,等.黔产刺梨果中总多酚的含量测定及其干燥方式考察[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016,22(23):20-23.
[10]代甜甜,杨小生.刺梨化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2015,37(4):93-97.
[11]四川省食品药品监督管理局.四川省中药材标准[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2011:343.
[12]李婕羚,李朝婵,胡继伟,等.典型喀斯特山区无籽刺梨基地土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):54-60.
[13]李慧娟,张松,江帆,等.原子荧光法测定黔产刺梨中砷的含量[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(3):141-143.
[14]张源和,何敬愉,马娜,等.ICP-MS法测定刺梨和无籽刺梨果实中有害重金属元素[J].食品工业,2017,38(3):283-286.
[15]WANG Y,DING X Y,YANG H,et al.A study on heavy metals pollution in soil and fruits of Rosa roxburghii Tratt from the planting bases located in the Karst areas of Guizhou province[J].Adv Materials Res,2014,3384(1010):88-95.
[16]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价[J].化工环保,2016,36(3):338-344.
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[21]李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1076-1085.
[22]张家春,林绍霞,张清海,等.贵州草海湿地周边耕地土壤与农作物重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):273-278.
[23]中华人民共和国商务部.WM/T 2-2004,中华人民共和国外经贸行业标准:药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国商务部,2004.
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[25]国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:331-379.
[26]秦双双,黄静雯,袁媛,等.中药材重金属元素及其与指标性成分相关性分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(6):66-70.
[27]郑琪,南铁贵,袁媛,等.9种市售药材中重金属含量调查[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(3):14-17.
[28]颜秋晓,何腾兵,高安勤,等.不同种植年限下山银花产地土壤及花蕾重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):310-315,328.
[29]彭锐,谭均,孙年喜,等.重庆市中药材重金属富集特性研究[J].中药材,2017,40(6):1290-1294.
[30]邹素敏,杜瑞英,文典,等.不同品种蔬菜重金属污染评价和富集特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):714-720.
[31]陈志良,黄玲,周存宇,等.广州市蔬菜中重金属污染特征研究与评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):389-398.
[32]李舒琦,高卓,臧飞,等.外源Cd在施污黄土-小麦系统中的富集迁移规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):123-128.
[2]SHEN Z J,XU D C,CHEN Y S,et al.Heavy metals translocation and accumulation from the rhizosphere soils to the edible parts of the medicinal plant Fengdan(Paeonia ostii)grown on a metal mining area,China[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2017,143:19-27.
[3]Hajar E W I,Sulaiman A Z B,Sakinah A M M.Assessment of heavy metals tolerance in leaves,stems and flowers of Stevia Rebaudiana,plant[J].Procedia Environ Sci,2014,20(20):386-393.
[4]Chuparina E V,Aisueva T S.Determination of heavy metal levels in medicinal plant Hemerocallis minor,Miller by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry[J].Environ Chem Lett,2011,9(1):19-23.
[5]梁尧,姜晓莉,李刚,等.吉林省非林地栽参基地土壤和人参根部重金属元素含量分析及风险评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2015,24(3):68-76.
[6]颜慧,冯会,黄玮,等.丹参主要产地的土壤及药材重金属污染评价[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(4):288-293.
[7]阎秀兰,廖晓勇,于冰冰,等.药用植物三七对土壤中砷的累积特征及其健康风险[J].环境科学,2011,32(3):880-885.
[8]贵州省药品监督管理局.贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标准[M].贵阳:贵州科技出版社,2003:230-232.
[9]刘丹,江帆,丁小艳,等.黔产刺梨果中总多酚的含量测定及其干燥方式考察[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2016,22(23):20-23.
[10]代甜甜,杨小生.刺梨化学成分及药理活性研究进展[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2015,37(4):93-97.
[11]四川省食品药品监督管理局.四川省中药材标准[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2011:343.
[12]李婕羚,李朝婵,胡继伟,等.典型喀斯特山区无籽刺梨基地土壤质量评价[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(1):54-60.
[13]李慧娟,张松,江帆,等.原子荧光法测定黔产刺梨中砷的含量[J].食品研究与开发,2012,33(3):141-143.
[14]张源和,何敬愉,马娜,等.ICP-MS法测定刺梨和无籽刺梨果实中有害重金属元素[J].食品工业,2017,38(3):283-286.
[15]WANG Y,DING X Y,YANG H,et al.A study on heavy metals pollution in soil and fruits of Rosa roxburghii Tratt from the planting bases located in the Karst areas of Guizhou province[J].Adv Materials Res,2014,3384(1010):88-95.
[16]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.喀斯特山区燃煤电厂土壤重金属污染评价[J].化工环保,2016,36(3):338-344.
[17]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009-2014,食品安全国家标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[18]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.GB5009-2017,食品安全国家标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2017.
[19]国家环境保护局.GB/T 171411-1997,土壤质量铅、镉的测定—石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1997.
[20]国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T 22105-2008,土壤质量总汞、总砷的测定—原子荧光法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[21]李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.典型有色金属矿业城市零星菜地蔬菜重金属污染及健康风险评估[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):1076-1085.
[22]张家春,林绍霞,张清海,等.贵州草海湿地周边耕地土壤与农作物重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):273-278.
[23]中华人民共和国商务部.WM/T 2-2004,中华人民共和国外经贸行业标准:药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准[S].北京:中华人民共和国商务部,2004.
[24]国家环境保护局,国家技术监督局.GB15618-1995,土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.
[25]国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1990:331-379.
[26]秦双双,黄静雯,袁媛,等.中药材重金属元素及其与指标性成分相关性分析[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2018,24(6):66-70.
[27]郑琪,南铁贵,袁媛,等.9种市售药材中重金属含量调查[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2015,21(3):14-17.
[28]颜秋晓,何腾兵,高安勤,等.不同种植年限下山银花产地土壤及花蕾重金属污染特征[J].水土保持研究,2015,22(1):310-315,328.
[29]彭锐,谭均,孙年喜,等.重庆市中药材重金属富集特性研究[J].中药材,2017,40(6):1290-1294.
[30]邹素敏,杜瑞英,文典,等.不同品种蔬菜重金属污染评价和富集特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2017,26(4):714-720.
[31]陈志良,黄玲,周存宇,等.广州市蔬菜中重金属污染特征研究与评价[J].环境科学,2017,38(1):389-398.
[32]李舒琦,高卓,臧飞,等.外源Cd在施污黄土-小麦系统中的富集迁移规律[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(12):123-128.