财政R&D补贴、税收优惠激励制造业企业实质性创新了吗?——基于倾向得分匹配及样本分位数回归的研究
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摘要
财政R&D补贴和税收优惠对创新异质性企业的影响效应,还需从分层角度进行细化和深入研究。基于中国制造业企业样本数据,采用倾向得分匹配及分位数回归分析方法,分别从整体、产权性质和创新分层三个维度系统评估财政R&D补贴、税收优惠对制造业企业实质性创新的影响。结果表明,财政R&D补贴和税收优惠总体上促进了我国制造业企业的实质性创新活动,但两者的作用效果存在差异,财政R&D补贴的激励效果明显优于税收优惠政策;与国有企业相比,非国有企业实质性创新行为对财政R&D补贴和税收优惠的刺激反馈更加灵敏,而基于制度安排的国有企业与政府政治联系紧密,弱化了财税政策效果,国有企业更偏向于"寻扶持"的策略性创新;从分层视角来看,具有"排他性"的财政R&D补贴对创新异质性企业的影响呈"单调递增"趋势,激励效果十分明显,而税收优惠的作用却呈"单调递减"趋势,激励效果明显弱于财政R&D补贴。
Using PSM and QR analysis methods to evaluate the impact of fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives on corporate substantive innovation systematically from the perspective of overall samples, property right characteristic and stratification based on the sample data of China's shanghai-shenzhen a-share listed manufacturing enterprises. The research results show that the fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives generally promote the substantive innovation activities of China's manufacturing enterprises, but their effects are different, and the incentive effect of fiscal R&D subsidies is better than the tax incentives obviously. Compared with state-owned enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises' substantive innovation behaviors are more sensitive to the feedback of fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives. However, the political connection between state-owned enterprises and the government based on institution arrangement weakens the effect of fiscal and tax policies, and state-owned enterprises prefer strategic innovation of "seeking for support". From the perspective of stratification, the "exclusive" impact of fiscal R&D subsidies on innovative heterogeneous enterprises is "increasing monotonically", and the incentive effect is very obvious, while the effect of tax incentives is "decreasing monotonically", and the effect is obviously weaker than that of fiscal R&D subsidies.
Using PSM and QR analysis methods to evaluate the impact of fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives on corporate substantive innovation systematically from the perspective of overall samples, property right characteristic and stratification based on the sample data of China's shanghai-shenzhen a-share listed manufacturing enterprises. The research results show that the fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives generally promote the substantive innovation activities of China's manufacturing enterprises, but their effects are different, and the incentive effect of fiscal R&D subsidies is better than the tax incentives obviously. Compared with state-owned enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises' substantive innovation behaviors are more sensitive to the feedback of fiscal R&D subsidies and tax incentives. However, the political connection between state-owned enterprises and the government based on institution arrangement weakens the effect of fiscal and tax policies, and state-owned enterprises prefer strategic innovation of "seeking for support". From the perspective of stratification, the "exclusive" impact of fiscal R&D subsidies on innovative heterogeneous enterprises is "increasing monotonically", and the incentive effect is very obvious, while the effect of tax incentives is "decreasing monotonically", and the effect is obviously weaker than that of fiscal R&D subsidies.
引文
[1] 邓子基,杨志宏.财税政策激励企业技术创新的理论与实证分析[J].财贸经济,2011,(5):5-10.
[2] 柳光强.税收优惠、 财政补贴政策的激励效应分析——基于信息不对称理论视角的实证研究[J].管理世界,2016,(10):62-71.
[3] Tong,T.W.,He,W.,He,Z.L.,et al..Patent Regime Shift and Firm Innovation:Evidence from the Second Amendment to China's Patent Law[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2014,(1):14174.
[4] 黎文靖,郑曼妮.实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响[J].经济研究,2016,(4):60-73.
[5] Capron,L.,Hulland,J..Redeployment of Brands,Sales Forces,and General Marketing Management Expertise Following Horizontal Acquisitions:A Resource-based View[J].Journal of Marketing,1999,63(2):41-54.
[6] Pottelsberghe,B.V.,Denis,H.,Guellec,D..Using Patent Counts for Cross-country Comparison of Technology Output[J].Ulb Institutional Repository,No.27,2001.
[7] Czarnitzki,D.,Hussinger,K..The Link Between R&D Subsidies,R&D Spending and Technological Performance[R].ZEW Discussion Paper,No.04-56,2004.
[8] 程华,赵祥.企业规模、 研发强度、 资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(2):37-43.
[9] 李林木,郭存芝.小微企业增值税课征模式的比较与选择[J].税务研究,2014,(3):25-30.
[10] 李彦龙.税收优惠政策与高技术产业创新效率[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,(1):60-76.
[11] So,B.W.Y..Reassessment of the State Role in the Development of High-tech Industry:A Case Study of Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Park[J].East Asia,2006,23(2):61-86.
[12] 张同斌,高铁梅.财税政策激励、 高新技术产业发展与产业结构调整[J].经济研究,2012,(5):58-70.
[13] 张杰,翟福昕,周晓艳.政府补贴、 市场竞争与出口产品质量[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,(4):71-87.
[14] Ekholm,K.,Torstensson,J..High-technology Subsidies in General Equilibrium:A Sector-Specific Approach[J].The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d′Economique,1997,30(4):1184-1203.
[15] 姜宁,黄万.政府补贴对企业R&D投入的影响——基于我国高技术产业的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(7):28-33.
[16] 章晓英,董李蕊.财政支持对我国高技术产业发展的影响[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2017,31(5):21-27.
[17] 毛其淋,许家云.政府补贴对企业新产品创新的影响——基于补贴强度“适度区间”的视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(6):94-107.
[18] 鲍宗客.知识产权保护、 创新政策与中国研发企业生存风险——一个事件史分析法[J].财贸经济,2017,38(5):147-160.
[19] Bronzini,R.,Piselli,P..The Impact of R&D Subsidies on Firm Innovation[J].Research Policy,2016,45(2):442-457.
[20] Koehler,M..Estimating the Benefits of R&D Subsidies for Germany[R].ZEW Discussion Papers,No.18-002,2018.
[21] Lee,J.W..Government Intervention and Productivity Growth in Korean Manufacturing Industries[J].Journal of Economic Growth,1996,(1):391-414.
[22] Aghion,P.M.,Dewatripont,L.,Du,A.,et al..Industrial Policy and Competition[R].NBER Working Paper,No.w18048,2012.
[23] 官振中,史本山.易逝性高科技产品收益管理定价策略[J].管理科学学报,2008,11(5):102-109.
[24] 史宇鹏,顾全林.知识产权保护、 异质性企业与创新:来自中国制造业的证据[J].金融研究,2013,(8):136-149.
[25] 赵玉林,谷军健.制造业创新增长的源泉是技术还是制度?[J].科学学研究,2018,(5):800-812,912.
[26] Dosi,G.,Marengo,L.,Pasquali,C..How Much Should Society Fuel the Greed of Innovators?:On the Relations Between Appropriability,Opportunities and Rates of Innovation[J].Research Policy,2006,35(8):1110-1121.
[27] 余明桂,回雅甫,潘红波.政治联系、 寻租与地方政府财政补贴有效性[J].经济研究,2010,(3):65-77.
[28] 储德银,建克成.财政政策与产业结构调整——基于总量与结构效应双重视角的实证分析[J].经济学家,2014,(2):80-91.
[29] 许召元,张文魁.国企改革对经济增速的提振效应研究[J].经济研究,2015,(4):122-135.
[30] 夏力,李舒妤.政治关联视角下的政府补贴与民营企业技术创新[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(3):108-111.
[31] 王德祥,李昕.政府补贴、 政治关联与企业创新投入[J].财政研究,2017,(8):79-89.
[32] Hall,B.H.,Harhoff,D..Recent Research on the Economics of Patents[J].Annual Review of Economics,2012,4(1):541-565.
[33] 邵敏,包群.出口企业转型对中国劳动力就业与工资的影响:基于倾向评分匹配估计的经验分析[J].世界经济,2011,(6):48-70.
(1)来源于《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》(简称“十三五”规划:2016-2020年)第二篇。
[2] 柳光强.税收优惠、 财政补贴政策的激励效应分析——基于信息不对称理论视角的实证研究[J].管理世界,2016,(10):62-71.
[3] Tong,T.W.,He,W.,He,Z.L.,et al..Patent Regime Shift and Firm Innovation:Evidence from the Second Amendment to China's Patent Law[J].Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings,2014,(1):14174.
[4] 黎文靖,郑曼妮.实质性创新还是策略性创新?——宏观产业政策对微观企业创新的影响[J].经济研究,2016,(4):60-73.
[5] Capron,L.,Hulland,J..Redeployment of Brands,Sales Forces,and General Marketing Management Expertise Following Horizontal Acquisitions:A Resource-based View[J].Journal of Marketing,1999,63(2):41-54.
[6] Pottelsberghe,B.V.,Denis,H.,Guellec,D..Using Patent Counts for Cross-country Comparison of Technology Output[J].Ulb Institutional Repository,No.27,2001.
[7] Czarnitzki,D.,Hussinger,K..The Link Between R&D Subsidies,R&D Spending and Technological Performance[R].ZEW Discussion Paper,No.04-56,2004.
[8] 程华,赵祥.企业规模、 研发强度、 资助强度与政府科技资助的绩效关系研究——基于浙江民营科技企业的实证研究[J].科研管理,2008,29(2):37-43.
[9] 李林木,郭存芝.小微企业增值税课征模式的比较与选择[J].税务研究,2014,(3):25-30.
[10] 李彦龙.税收优惠政策与高技术产业创新效率[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,(1):60-76.
[11] So,B.W.Y..Reassessment of the State Role in the Development of High-tech Industry:A Case Study of Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Park[J].East Asia,2006,23(2):61-86.
[12] 张同斌,高铁梅.财税政策激励、 高新技术产业发展与产业结构调整[J].经济研究,2012,(5):58-70.
[13] 张杰,翟福昕,周晓艳.政府补贴、 市场竞争与出口产品质量[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015,(4):71-87.
[14] Ekholm,K.,Torstensson,J..High-technology Subsidies in General Equilibrium:A Sector-Specific Approach[J].The Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d′Economique,1997,30(4):1184-1203.
[15] 姜宁,黄万.政府补贴对企业R&D投入的影响——基于我国高技术产业的实证研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2010,31(7):28-33.
[16] 章晓英,董李蕊.财政支持对我国高技术产业发展的影响[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2017,31(5):21-27.
[17] 毛其淋,许家云.政府补贴对企业新产品创新的影响——基于补贴强度“适度区间”的视角[J].中国工业经济,2015,(6):94-107.
[18] 鲍宗客.知识产权保护、 创新政策与中国研发企业生存风险——一个事件史分析法[J].财贸经济,2017,38(5):147-160.
[19] Bronzini,R.,Piselli,P..The Impact of R&D Subsidies on Firm Innovation[J].Research Policy,2016,45(2):442-457.
[20] Koehler,M..Estimating the Benefits of R&D Subsidies for Germany[R].ZEW Discussion Papers,No.18-002,2018.
[21] Lee,J.W..Government Intervention and Productivity Growth in Korean Manufacturing Industries[J].Journal of Economic Growth,1996,(1):391-414.
[22] Aghion,P.M.,Dewatripont,L.,Du,A.,et al..Industrial Policy and Competition[R].NBER Working Paper,No.w18048,2012.
[23] 官振中,史本山.易逝性高科技产品收益管理定价策略[J].管理科学学报,2008,11(5):102-109.
[24] 史宇鹏,顾全林.知识产权保护、 异质性企业与创新:来自中国制造业的证据[J].金融研究,2013,(8):136-149.
[25] 赵玉林,谷军健.制造业创新增长的源泉是技术还是制度?[J].科学学研究,2018,(5):800-812,912.
[26] Dosi,G.,Marengo,L.,Pasquali,C..How Much Should Society Fuel the Greed of Innovators?:On the Relations Between Appropriability,Opportunities and Rates of Innovation[J].Research Policy,2006,35(8):1110-1121.
[27] 余明桂,回雅甫,潘红波.政治联系、 寻租与地方政府财政补贴有效性[J].经济研究,2010,(3):65-77.
[28] 储德银,建克成.财政政策与产业结构调整——基于总量与结构效应双重视角的实证分析[J].经济学家,2014,(2):80-91.
[29] 许召元,张文魁.国企改革对经济增速的提振效应研究[J].经济研究,2015,(4):122-135.
[30] 夏力,李舒妤.政治关联视角下的政府补贴与民营企业技术创新[J].科技进步与对策,2013,30(3):108-111.
[31] 王德祥,李昕.政府补贴、 政治关联与企业创新投入[J].财政研究,2017,(8):79-89.
[32] Hall,B.H.,Harhoff,D..Recent Research on the Economics of Patents[J].Annual Review of Economics,2012,4(1):541-565.
[33] 邵敏,包群.出口企业转型对中国劳动力就业与工资的影响:基于倾向评分匹配估计的经验分析[J].世界经济,2011,(6):48-70.
(1)来源于《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》(简称“十三五”规划:2016-2020年)第二篇。