精细控压钻井过程中溢流的模拟和控制
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摘要
为了能在溢流发生的早期正确决定溢流控制方法,根据气液两相流理论,对精细控压钻井过程中的气侵全过程进行模拟,并对如何采取适当的控制方法进行研究。首先建立了描述气侵期间井筒两相流的偏微分方程组,给出了方程组的初始条件和不同气侵阶段的边界条件,并用有限差分的方法对方程组进行求解;然后模拟分析了地层压力、初始溢流量及钻井液参数对井口回压的影响;最后根据对不同参数条件下气侵的模拟,得到了以初始溢流量和溢流结束时的井口回压为输入参数的溢流控制方案图。提出的溢流控制方案图方法,能在溢流早期就决定溢流控制方式,为溢流控制争取宝贵的时间,有助于正确处理精细控压钻井过程中的溢流。研究结果可为控压钻井过程中的气侵控制提供理论依据。
To correctly determine the influx control method in the early stage of influx,based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow theory,the gas intrusion process in the managed pressure drilling is simulated. Appropriate control methods are studied. The partial differential equations describing the two-phase flow in the wellbore during gas intrusion are established. The initial conditions of the equations and the boundary conditions of different gas intrusion stages are given. The equations are solved by the finite difference method. The influences of formation pressure,initial influx and drilling fluid parameters on back pressure are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation of gas intrusion under different parameters,the influx control plan is obtained with initial influx and back pressure at the end of influx as the input parameters. The proposed influx control plan can help determine the influx control mode in the early stage of the influx,and gain valuable time for the influx control,which helps the influx handling in the managed pressure drilling. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the gas intrusion control during managed pressure drilling.
To correctly determine the influx control method in the early stage of influx,based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow theory,the gas intrusion process in the managed pressure drilling is simulated. Appropriate control methods are studied. The partial differential equations describing the two-phase flow in the wellbore during gas intrusion are established. The initial conditions of the equations and the boundary conditions of different gas intrusion stages are given. The equations are solved by the finite difference method. The influences of formation pressure,initial influx and drilling fluid parameters on back pressure are simulated and analyzed. According to the simulation of gas intrusion under different parameters,the influx control plan is obtained with initial influx and back pressure at the end of influx as the input parameters. The proposed influx control plan can help determine the influx control mode in the early stage of the influx,and gain valuable time for the influx control,which helps the influx handling in the managed pressure drilling. The study can provide a theoretical basis for the gas intrusion control during managed pressure drilling.
引文
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[11]GABALDON O R,BRAND P R,CULEN M S,et al.Case study:first experience of developing an influx management envelope IME for a deepwater MPD operation[R].SPE 185289-MS,2017.
[12]张兴全.控压钻井井底压力精细控制关键技术研究[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2014.ZHANG X Q.Research on key technology on precise control of MPD bottom hole pressure[D].Beijing:Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014.
[2]BACON W,SUDGEN C,BRAND P,et al.MPD dynamic influx control mitigates conventional well control pitfalls[R].SPE 179185-MS,2016.
[3]CULEN M S,BRAND R P,BACON W,et al.Evolution of the MPD operations matrix:the influx management envelope[R].SPE 179191-MS,2016.
[4]李相方,庄湘琦,隋秀香,等.气侵期间环空气液两相流动研究[J].工程热物理学报,2004,25(1):73-76.LI X F,ZHUANG X Q,SUI X X,et al.Study on twophase gas-liquid flow during gas kick[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2004,25(1):73-76.
[5]张兴全,周英操,刘伟,等.控压欠平衡钻井井口回压控制技术[J].天然气工业,2013,33(10):75-79.ZHANG X Q,ZHOU Y C,LIU W,et al.Wellhead backpressure control in under-balance and managed pressure drilling[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(10):75-79.
[6]孙士慧.井底恒压钻井井筒流动模型研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2014.SUN S H.Research on wellbore flow model for managed pressure drilling[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum U-niversity,2014.
[7]高永海.深水油气钻探井筒多相流动与井控研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007.GAO Y H.Study on multi-phase flow in wellbore and well control in deep water drilling[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2007.
[8]ZUBER N,FINDLAY J A.Average volumetric concentration in two-phase flow system[J].Journal of Heat Transfer,1965,87(4):453-468.
[9]GODA H,HIBIKI T,KIM S,et al.Drift-flux model for downward two-phase flow[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,46(25):4835-4844.
[10]TAITEL Y,BARNEA D,DUKLER A E.Modeling flow pattern transition for steady upward gas-liquid flow in vertical tubes[J].AICh E Journal,1980,26:345-354.
[11]GABALDON O R,BRAND P R,CULEN M S,et al.Case study:first experience of developing an influx management envelope IME for a deepwater MPD operation[R].SPE 185289-MS,2017.
[12]张兴全.控压钻井井底压力精细控制关键技术研究[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2014.ZHANG X Q.Research on key technology on precise control of MPD bottom hole pressure[D].Beijing:Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014.