乡村振兴:消解二元经济结构的必由之路
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摘要
二元经济结构是发展中国家普遍存在的一种现象。刘易斯认为,只有工业部门劳动生产率不断提升,源源不断吸纳农村剩余劳动力转向工业部门,当农村剩余劳动力消失时,二元经济结构才能消解。而拉尼斯和费景汉则认为,只有农业部门实现以规模化和产业化为标志的现代化经营,工农两部门均衡发展,才能消除二元经济结构。中国二元经济结构目前处于刘易斯两个拐点之间,只有实现农业现代化、农村城镇化和城乡收入均等化,才能跨越刘易斯第二拐点,最终消除二元经济结构。这是我国经济发展能否跨越"中等收入陷阱",步入世界发达经济梯队的关键。实现乡村全面振兴,达到农业强、农村美和农民富的目标,是我国经济跨越刘易斯第二拐点,从发展走向发达的必由之路。
The dual economic structure is a common phenomenon in developing countries. Lewis believes that only the labor productivity of the industrial sector should continue to increase and surplus of rural labor should continue to be absorbed in the industrial sector. Thus,when the surplus labor force in rural area disappears,the dual economic structure can be eliminated. While,Ranis and Fei believe that only when modern operations is achieved in the agricultural sector marked by the scale and industrialization,can the dual economic structure be eliminated by the balanced development of the two sectors of workers and farmers. The dual economic structure of China is currently in the two inflection points of Lewis. Only by realizing agricultural modernization,rural urbanization,and equalization of urban and rural incomes can we leap over Lewis' s second turning point and the dual economic structure is eventually eliminated. This is the key that whether China' s economic development can stride over the "middle income trap"and step into the world's advanced economic group. To achieve the goal of full revitalization in rural areas is the only way for China's economy leap over the second inflection point of Lewis in order to achieve the goals of strong agriculture,rural beauty,and farmers' prosperity.
The dual economic structure is a common phenomenon in developing countries. Lewis believes that only the labor productivity of the industrial sector should continue to increase and surplus of rural labor should continue to be absorbed in the industrial sector. Thus,when the surplus labor force in rural area disappears,the dual economic structure can be eliminated. While,Ranis and Fei believe that only when modern operations is achieved in the agricultural sector marked by the scale and industrialization,can the dual economic structure be eliminated by the balanced development of the two sectors of workers and farmers. The dual economic structure of China is currently in the two inflection points of Lewis. Only by realizing agricultural modernization,rural urbanization,and equalization of urban and rural incomes can we leap over Lewis' s second turning point and the dual economic structure is eventually eliminated. This is the key that whether China' s economic development can stride over the "middle income trap"and step into the world's advanced economic group. To achieve the goal of full revitalization in rural areas is the only way for China's economy leap over the second inflection point of Lewis in order to achieve the goals of strong agriculture,rural beauty,and farmers' prosperity.
引文
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[2]谭崇台.发展经济学[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1993:299-304.
[3]蔡芳.中国人口与劳动问题报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007:95-111.
[4]屈满学.中国经济是否达到刘易斯拐点——基于边际生产力的实证检验[J].西北人口,2016,(2):35-36.
[5]张永丽,景文超.试论中国的人口转变、结构转型于刘易斯转折点[J].上海财经大学学报,2012,(6):60-67.
[6]柳建平,李孜孜.刘易斯拐点是否来临——基于四次农村社会调查资料分析[J].兰州商学院学报,2015,(6):113-122.
[7]张桂文,孙亚南.二元经济视角下中国潜在经济增长分析[J].当代经济研究,2015,(12):61-62.
[8]李宇嘉.从人口“争夺”看城市竞争新格局[J/OL]. http://opinion. hexun. com/2018-04-03/192763153. html.
[9]金立群.中国如何跨越“中等收入陷阱”[N].人民日报,2015-08-11.
[10]王英姿.中国现代农业发展要重视舒尔茨模式[J].农业经济问题,2014,(2):42.
[11]张培刚.农业与工业化[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社,1984:196.
[12]魏志奇.罗斯托的经济增长阶段理论及对发展中国家转型的启示[J].经济纵横,2014,(12):115.