不同施肥水平对玉米产量的影响及肥料效应
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摘要
为不同壤质及肥力下玉米的合理施肥提供科学依据,采用"3414"试验设计方法,研究不同玉米品种氮磷钾配施对其产量的影响及肥料效应。结果表明:不同施肥处理玉米穗长、穗粗、秃尖长度、穗粒数、粒重和产量存在显著差异。施肥可改善玉米农艺性状进而提高产量,丰乐村和海东村2块试验地玉米产量增产幅度分别为11.0%～64.3%和0.2%～61.9%;且氮、磷、钾肥间存在明显互作效应,在N2、P2和K2施肥水平玉米产量达最高,其肥料效应依次为N>P2O5>K2O。经曲线拟合,该试验条件下推荐施肥量丰乐村试验地N、P2O5和K2O分别为373.7kg/hm2、74.8kg/hm2和79.9kg/hm2;海东村试验地N、P2O5和K2O分别为419.7kg/hm2、75kg/hm2和75kg/hm2。
The effects of different NPK combinations on agronomic traits and yield of different maize varieties were studied by a "3414"experimental design to provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization under different soil texture and fertility in maize cultivation.Result:There are significant differences in ear length,ear diameter,bare tip length,kernels per ear,kernel weight and yield among different fertilization treatments.Fertilization can increase maize yield by improving agronomic traits of maize and the yield increment range of maize planted in Fengle and Haidong Village is 11.0%-64.3%and0.2%-61.9% respectively.There are obvious interactions among N,P and K fertilizer.The yield of maize under N2,P2 and K2 application level reaches the maximum and its fertilizer effect is N>P2 O5>K2 O.The recommend N,P2 O5 and K2 O amount for Fengle and Haidong Village is 373.7 kg/hm2,74.8 kg/hm2 and 79.9 kg/hm2,and 419.7 kg/hm2,75 kg/hm2 and 75 kg/hm2 under N2,P2 and K2 application level after curve fitting respectively.
The effects of different NPK combinations on agronomic traits and yield of different maize varieties were studied by a "3414"experimental design to provide the scientific basis for rational fertilization under different soil texture and fertility in maize cultivation.Result:There are significant differences in ear length,ear diameter,bare tip length,kernels per ear,kernel weight and yield among different fertilization treatments.Fertilization can increase maize yield by improving agronomic traits of maize and the yield increment range of maize planted in Fengle and Haidong Village is 11.0%-64.3%and0.2%-61.9% respectively.There are obvious interactions among N,P and K fertilizer.The yield of maize under N2,P2 and K2 application level reaches the maximum and its fertilizer effect is N>P2 O5>K2 O.The recommend N,P2 O5 and K2 O amount for Fengle and Haidong Village is 373.7 kg/hm2,74.8 kg/hm2 and 79.9 kg/hm2,and 419.7 kg/hm2,75 kg/hm2 and 75 kg/hm2 under N2,P2 and K2 application level after curve fitting respectively.
引文
[1]王兴才,朱莉娟.禄劝县玉米“3414”测土配方施肥效果分析[J].云南农业,2014(9):40-41.
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[3]戢林,张锡洲,李廷轩.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区水稻测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):84-92.
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[5]黄亿,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区油菜施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(10):2058-2066.
[6]鲁泽刚,周龙,杨丽梅.不同施肥水平大麦产量的影响及肥料效应[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(5):1-6.
[7]郭玲玲.“3414”测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):576-578,633.
[8]陈志辉,吴远帆,郭欢乐.湖南省春玉米主产区最佳施肥研究[J].作物研究,2016,30(1):22-27.
[9]沈学善,陈尚洪,陈红琳,等.基于“3414”模型对川中丘陵区玉米氮磷钾效应的研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(5):2132-2137.
[10]高志红,陈晓远,林昌华,等.不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1637-1645.
[11]王政,高瑞凤,李文香,等.氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(4):588-592.
[12]龚玉琴,白锦红,侯小宁,等.中低产田水稻氮磷钾化肥最佳用量及适宜配比研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2007(3):7-9.
[13]董素钦.应用“3414”设计研究氮磷钾肥料不同配比对水稻产量的效应[J].中国农村小康科技,2006(12):60-62.
[14]朱桂玉,区惠平,何佳,等.免耕水稻在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):48-52.
[15]翟国栋,汪航,刘晓伟,等.鄂东南晚稻“3414”试验施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(10):29-31,34.
[2]黄永斌,孙兰英,黄英,等.水稻测土配方施肥“3414”试验[J].大麦与谷类科学,2011(1):30-34.
[3]戢林,张锡洲,李廷轩.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区水稻测土配方施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(1):84-92.
[4]李燕,王加军,赵国成,等.小麦3414田间肥效试验研究[J].大麦与谷类科学,2011(3):51-53.
[5]黄亿,李廷轩,张锡洲,等.基于“3414”试验的川中丘陵区油菜施肥指标体系构建[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(10):2058-2066.
[6]鲁泽刚,周龙,杨丽梅.不同施肥水平大麦产量的影响及肥料效应[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2018,49(5):1-6.
[7]郭玲玲.“3414”测土配方施肥对玉米产量和养分吸收的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(5):576-578,633.
[8]陈志辉,吴远帆,郭欢乐.湖南省春玉米主产区最佳施肥研究[J].作物研究,2016,30(1):22-27.
[9]沈学善,陈尚洪,陈红琳,等.基于“3414”模型对川中丘陵区玉米氮磷钾效应的研究[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(5):2132-2137.
[10]高志红,陈晓远,林昌华,等.不同施肥水平对木薯氮磷钾养分积累、分配及其产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(8):1637-1645.
[11]王政,高瑞凤,李文香,等.氮磷钾肥配施对大豆干物质积累及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2008,27(4):588-592.
[12]龚玉琴,白锦红,侯小宁,等.中低产田水稻氮磷钾化肥最佳用量及适宜配比研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2007(3):7-9.
[13]董素钦.应用“3414”设计研究氮磷钾肥料不同配比对水稻产量的效应[J].中国农村小康科技,2006(12):60-62.
[14]朱桂玉,区惠平,何佳,等.免耕水稻在“3414”试验方案中氮磷钾配施的肥料效应研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(5):48-52.
[15]翟国栋,汪航,刘晓伟,等.鄂东南晚稻“3414”试验施肥效果及推荐施肥量研究[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(10):29-31,34.