居民用电消费回弹效应研究:基于人均收入和性别差异的视角
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摘要
居民住户用电消费的回弹效应对中国建设节约型社会具有重要影响,但从居民住户微观调查视角对用电回弹效应进行分析并剖析回弹效应影响因素的文献较为少见。本文基于CGSS数据库1969个居民数据,采用双对数模型测算中国居民用电的回弹效应,并通过分组回归法探讨影响回弹效应的因素。得到以下结论:①中国居民用电消费存在回弹效应(43.51%),表明当用电效率提高时,预期节电量的43.51%将被用电成本降低导致额外增加的电量消费所抵消;②人均收入对居民用电的回弹效应具有显著作用,收入水平与回弹效应呈现倒V型趋势;③性别差异对居民用电的回弹效应存在显著影响,男性消费者的回弹效应明显高于女性。鉴于上述结论,政府在制定居民节能政策时需要重视电力消费的回弹效应,并针对不同收入群体和性别差异采取针对性举措。
The rebound effect of residential electricity consumption exerts a vital impact on China's effort to construct a conservation-oriented society.However, from the perspective of household level micro-investigation, literatures analyzing the rebound effect of electricity consumption and its influencing factors are relatively rare. Based on the data of 1969 samples from CGSS database in 2015, this paper employs the double logarithmic model to measure the rebound effect of Chinese residential electricity consumption, furthermore, explores its influencing factors through the grouping regression method.The following conclusions are drawn; ① There exists a rebound effect(about 43.51%) of electricity consumption in Chinese households, indicating that with the improvement of electricity efficiency, 43.51% of expected electricity conservation will be offset by the extra energy consumption resulting from the cheaper electricity service cost; ② Per capita income has a significant moderating effect on the rebound effect of residential electricity consumption,showing an inverted "V" shape; ③ Gender differences have a significant impact on the rebound effect of residential electricity consumption. To be specific,the rebound effect of male consumers' consumption is distinctly higher than that of female. In view of the above conclusions, the government needs to attach great importance to the rebound effect of electricity consumption when formulating residential energy-saving policies, and corresponding measures for different per capita income groups and gender differences is of necessity.
The rebound effect of residential electricity consumption exerts a vital impact on China's effort to construct a conservation-oriented society.However, from the perspective of household level micro-investigation, literatures analyzing the rebound effect of electricity consumption and its influencing factors are relatively rare. Based on the data of 1969 samples from CGSS database in 2015, this paper employs the double logarithmic model to measure the rebound effect of Chinese residential electricity consumption, furthermore, explores its influencing factors through the grouping regression method.The following conclusions are drawn; ① There exists a rebound effect(about 43.51%) of electricity consumption in Chinese households, indicating that with the improvement of electricity efficiency, 43.51% of expected electricity conservation will be offset by the extra energy consumption resulting from the cheaper electricity service cost; ② Per capita income has a significant moderating effect on the rebound effect of residential electricity consumption,showing an inverted "V" shape; ③ Gender differences have a significant impact on the rebound effect of residential electricity consumption. To be specific,the rebound effect of male consumers' consumption is distinctly higher than that of female. In view of the above conclusions, the government needs to attach great importance to the rebound effect of electricity consumption when formulating residential energy-saving policies, and corresponding measures for different per capita income groups and gender differences is of necessity.
引文
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[18]魏楚,王丹,吴宛忆,等.中国农村居民煤炭消费及影响因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(9):178-185.
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[22]薛丹.我国居民生活用能能源效率回弹效应研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(2):348-354.
[23]DU L M,GUO J,WEI C.Impact of information feedback on residential electricity demand in China[J].Resources,conservation and recycling,2017,125:324-334.
[24]MOSHIRI S,ALIYEV K.Rebound effect of efficiency improvement in passenger cars on gasoline consumption in Canada[J].Ecological economics,2017,131:330-341.
[25]林伯强,刘畅.收入和城市化对城镇居民家电消费的影响[J].经济研究,2016(10):69-81,154-154.
[26]SMALL K A,VAN DENDER K.Fuel efficiency and motor vehicle travel:the declining rebound effect[J].The energy journal,2007,28(1):25-51.
[27]李卫兵,陈妹.收入对居民环境意识的影响:绝对水平和相对地位[J].当代财经,2017(1):16-26.
[28]聂伟.环境认知、环境责任感与城乡居民的低碳减排行为[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(15):252-256.
[29]龚文娟.中国城市居民环境友好行为之性别差异分析[J].妇女研究论丛,2008(6):11-17.
[30]BROUGH A R,WILKIE J E B,MA J J,et al.Is eco-friendly unmanly?The green-feminine stereotype and its effect on sustainable consumption[J].Journal of consumer research,2016,43(4):567-582.
[31]PERMANA A S,AZIZ N A,SIONG H C.Is mom energy efficient?A study of gender,household energy consumption and family decision making in Indonesia[J].Energy research&social science,2015,6:78-86.
[32]许晓霞,柴彦威.北京居民日常休闲行为的性别差异[J].人文地理,2012(1):22-28.
[2]LIU W L,SPAARGAREN G,HEERINK N,et al.Energy consumption practices of rural households in north China:Basic characteristics and potential for low carbon development[J].Energy policy,2013,55:128-138.
[3]GALVIN R.The rebound effect,gender and social justice:A case study in Germany[J].Energy policy,2015,86:759-769.
[4]SCHIPPER L.On the rebound:the interaction of energy efficiency,energy use and economic activity.An introduction[J].Energy policy,2000,28(6-7):351-353.
[5]BERKHOUT P H G,MUSKENS J C,VELTHUIJSEN J W.Defining the rebound effect[J].Energy policy,2000,28(6-7):425-432.
[6]SAUNDERS H D.Fuel conserving(and using)production functions[J].Energy economics,2008,30(5):2184-2235.
[7]CHITNIS M,SORRELL S.Living up to expectations:Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for UK households[J].Energy economics,2015,52(S1):S100-S116.
[8]MILLER M,ALBERINI A.Sensitivity of price elasticity of demand to aggregation,unobserved heterogeneity,price trends,and price endogeneity:Evidence from U.S.Data[J].Energy policy,2016,97:235-249.
[9]ZHANG Y J,PENG H R.Exploring the direct rebound effect of residential electricity consumption:An empirical study in China[J].Applied energy,2017,196:132-141.
[10]WANG Z H,HAN B,LU M L.Measurement of energy rebound effect in households:Evidence from residential electricity consumption in Beijing,China[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2016,58:852-861.
[11]YU B Y,ZHANG J Y,FUJIWARA A.Evaluating the direct and indirect rebound effects in household energy consumption behavior:A case study of Beijing[J].Energy policy,2013,57:441-453.
[12]LIN B Q,LIU X.Electricity tariff reform and rebound effect of residential electricity consumption in China[J].Energy,2013,59:240-247.
[13]LIN B Q,LIU X.Reform of refined oil product pricing mechanism and energy rebound effect for passenger transportation in China[J].Energy policy,2013,57:329-337.
[14]项凯标,蒋小仙.社会保障满意度上升后,创业意愿会更强吗?--基于CGSS2015数据的实证分析[J].科学决策,2018(7):22-44.
[15]王晓楠.经济发展、环境污染交织下的公众私域环境行为的逻辑[J].干旱区资源与环境,2018(11):1-8.
[16]赫翠红,李建民.技术进步、研发投入与性别工资差距--基于CGSS数据的实证分析[J].贵州财经大学学报,2018(5):44-54.
[17]赵万里,李谊群.中国政治资本的代际传递--基于CGSS2006数据的实证研究[J].天津师范大学学报(社会科学版),2018(5):16-21.
[18]魏楚,王丹,吴宛忆,等.中国农村居民煤炭消费及影响因素研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(9):178-185.
[19]郑新业,魏楚,秦萍,等.中国家庭能源消费研究报告(2014)[M].北京:科学出版社,2015.
[20]王兆华,卢密林.基于省际面板数据的中国城镇居民用电直接回弹效应研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(7):1678-1686.
[21]WANG Z H,LU M L,WANG J C.Direct rebound effect on urban residential electricity use:An empirical study in China[J].Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,2014,30:124-132.
[22]薛丹.我国居民生活用能能源效率回弹效应研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2014,50(2):348-354.
[23]DU L M,GUO J,WEI C.Impact of information feedback on residential electricity demand in China[J].Resources,conservation and recycling,2017,125:324-334.
[24]MOSHIRI S,ALIYEV K.Rebound effect of efficiency improvement in passenger cars on gasoline consumption in Canada[J].Ecological economics,2017,131:330-341.
[25]林伯强,刘畅.收入和城市化对城镇居民家电消费的影响[J].经济研究,2016(10):69-81,154-154.
[26]SMALL K A,VAN DENDER K.Fuel efficiency and motor vehicle travel:the declining rebound effect[J].The energy journal,2007,28(1):25-51.
[27]李卫兵,陈妹.收入对居民环境意识的影响:绝对水平和相对地位[J].当代财经,2017(1):16-26.
[28]聂伟.环境认知、环境责任感与城乡居民的低碳减排行为[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(15):252-256.
[29]龚文娟.中国城市居民环境友好行为之性别差异分析[J].妇女研究论丛,2008(6):11-17.
[30]BROUGH A R,WILKIE J E B,MA J J,et al.Is eco-friendly unmanly?The green-feminine stereotype and its effect on sustainable consumption[J].Journal of consumer research,2016,43(4):567-582.
[31]PERMANA A S,AZIZ N A,SIONG H C.Is mom energy efficient?A study of gender,household energy consumption and family decision making in Indonesia[J].Energy research&social science,2015,6:78-86.
[32]许晓霞,柴彦威.北京居民日常休闲行为的性别差异[J].人文地理,2012(1):22-28.