基于角联子网的风量反演风阻病态改良算法
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摘要
为解决矿井通风系统阻力测定过程中部分巷道受限于现场测试条件而导致的风阻测不准、甚至无法测定的问题,研究了基于节点压能的风量反演风阻算法,提出使用两组风量数据及部分节点压能数据反演风阻。针对算法的病态性质,对算法病态的原因进行了分析,得出反演风阻方程系数矩阵稀疏性和通风系统拓扑结构对算法的影响是导致算法病态的两个主要原因。基于此,提出基于角联子网的风量反演风阻病态改良算法与基于贪心策略的风压传感器优化布置算法,给出了算法步骤及程序框图,能够解决风量反演风阻算法的病态问题,实现布点合理、数量较少的风压传感器的优化布置。将上述算法应用于23条分支、16个节点的通风网络,验证了所有传感器布置方案下的风量反演风阻算法,其中65. 2%的方案下的算法都是病态的。笔者应用本文提出的算法给出了角联子网划分方案及9个布点的风压传感器优化布置方案,在此基础上进行了风量反演风阻计算。结果表明:算法在实现了风压传感器优化布置的基础上,准确地反演了风阻,误差控制在10~(-4)以内。算法在现场应用时结合矿井监测监控系统,可以进一步实现实时的通风系统基础参数(风量、风压、风阻)的采集、校验、计算、存储与反馈,是矿井智能通风的基础性研究。
The wind resistance of some roadways are not accurate or even impossible to be measured in the process of measuring the resistance of mine ventilation system,which is caused by underground condition. Therefore,the calculation of resistance algorithm based on the airflow of node pressure is studied. It is proposed that using two sets of air volume data and part of node pressure data to inverse the resistance. According to the ill-posed characteristics of the algorithm, it is concluded that the sparsity of resistance inversion equation coefficient matrix and ventilation system topological structure are the two major reasons for the ill-condition of the algorithm. Based on this,the improved algorithm of airflow calculating resistance based on diagonal subnetwork and optimal layout algorithm of wind pressure sensors with algorithm steps and program chart are proposed, which solve the ill-posed problem and achieve the optimal scheme with the least amount and rational layout of wind pressure sensors. The above algorithm is applied to a ventilation network with 23 branches and 16 nodes,the schemes with all combination of wind pressure sensors layout are checked,65. 2% of which are ill-posed. Based on the algorithm proposed in this paper, the division scheme of the angular network subnet and the optimal arrangement scheme of the wind pressure sensor of 9 nodes are presented. The results show that the algorithm accurately calculates the wind resistance based on the optimal arrangement of the wind pressure sensor, and the error is controlled within 10~(-4). Combined with the mine monitoring system,the algorithm can further realize the collection,verification, calculation, storage and feedback of the basic parameters( air volume, air pressure and wind resistance) of the ventilation system in real time,which is the basic research of mine intelligent ventilation.
The wind resistance of some roadways are not accurate or even impossible to be measured in the process of measuring the resistance of mine ventilation system,which is caused by underground condition. Therefore,the calculation of resistance algorithm based on the airflow of node pressure is studied. It is proposed that using two sets of air volume data and part of node pressure data to inverse the resistance. According to the ill-posed characteristics of the algorithm, it is concluded that the sparsity of resistance inversion equation coefficient matrix and ventilation system topological structure are the two major reasons for the ill-condition of the algorithm. Based on this,the improved algorithm of airflow calculating resistance based on diagonal subnetwork and optimal layout algorithm of wind pressure sensors with algorithm steps and program chart are proposed, which solve the ill-posed problem and achieve the optimal scheme with the least amount and rational layout of wind pressure sensors. The above algorithm is applied to a ventilation network with 23 branches and 16 nodes,the schemes with all combination of wind pressure sensors layout are checked,65. 2% of which are ill-posed. Based on the algorithm proposed in this paper, the division scheme of the angular network subnet and the optimal arrangement scheme of the wind pressure sensor of 9 nodes are presented. The results show that the algorithm accurately calculates the wind resistance based on the optimal arrangement of the wind pressure sensor, and the error is controlled within 10~(-4). Combined with the mine monitoring system,the algorithm can further realize the collection,verification, calculation, storage and feedback of the basic parameters( air volume, air pressure and wind resistance) of the ventilation system in real time,which is the basic research of mine intelligent ventilation.
引文
[1]黄元平.矿井通风[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1986.
[2]赵丹,刘剑,潘竞涛,等.矿井通风系统风速故障源诊断技术在大明矿的应用研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):204-207.ZHAO Dan,LIU Jian,PAN Jingtao,et al. Application study of air velocity fault source diagnosis technology for ventilation system in Daming Mine[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(3):204-207.
[3]邓立军.矿井通风阻力系数反演研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2014.DENG Lijun. Study on mine ventilation resistance coefficient inversion[D]. Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2014.
[4]司俊鸿.矿井通风系统风流参数动态监测及风量调节优化[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.SI Junhong. Dynamic monitoring of airflow parameters and air quantity regulation optimization for mine ventilation system[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[5]李雪冰,刘剑,宋莹,等.井巷断面内单点风速与平均风速转换机制[J].安全与环境学报,2018,18(1):123-128.LI Xuebing, LIU Jian, SONG Ying, et al. On the conversion between the mean airflow velocity and that of the individual point in the underground mine tunnels[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2018,18(1):123-128.
[6]王国法,王虹,任怀伟,等.智慧煤矿2025情景目标和发展路径[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):295-305.WANG Guofa, WANG Hong, REN Huaiwei, et al. 2025 scenarios and development path of intelligent coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):295-305.
[7] GB/T 34679—2017,智慧矿山信息系统通用技术规范[S].
[8]刘泽功.利用通风系统调风和阻力测定求算复杂通风网路分支风阻[J].煤矿安全,1991(1):1-7.
[9]周丽红,吕军,刘小军.测风求阻法的原理及实现[J].西安科技学院学报,2004,24(2):148-150.ZHOU Lihong,L(U|¨)Jun,LIU Xiaojun. The principle and implementation of calculating resistance through surveying airflow quantity[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science&Technology,2004,24(2):148-150.
[10]司俊鸿,陈开岩.基于Tikhonov正则化的矿井通风网络测风求阻法[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):994-998.SI Junhong,CHEN Kaiyan. Measuring airflow&evaluating resistance model of the mine ventilation network based on Tikhonov regularization[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2012,37(6):994-998.
[11]李雨成,刘天奇,周洋,等.基于风量反演风阻的节点压能解析方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1076-1080.LI Yucheng,LIU Tianqi,ZHOU Yang,et al. Study of node pressure energy analytical method based on inversion from air volume to wind resistance[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1076-1080.
[12]曽繁慧.数值分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009.
[13]吴杰,李明峰,余腾.测量数据处理中病态矩阵和正则化方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):102-105.WU Jie,LI Mingfeng,YU Teng. Ill matrix and regularization method in surveying data processing[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2010,30(4):102-105.
[14]徐文,陈义,游为.奇异值分解法在病态问题中的应用[J].测绘通报,2016(1):62-63.XU Wen,CHEN Yi,YOU Wei. Application of SVD method in illposed problem[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):62-63.
[15]刘剑,贾进章,郑丹.基于无向图的角联结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):613-616.LIU Jian,JIA Jinzhang,ZHENG Dan. Study on diagonal structures in a non-directed graph[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2003,28(6):613-616.
[16]贾进章.矿井通风系统可靠性、稳定性、安全性理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[17]刘剑,贾进章,郑丹.流体网络理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002.
[2]赵丹,刘剑,潘竞涛,等.矿井通风系统风速故障源诊断技术在大明矿的应用研究[J].安全与环境学报,2012,12(3):204-207.ZHAO Dan,LIU Jian,PAN Jingtao,et al. Application study of air velocity fault source diagnosis technology for ventilation system in Daming Mine[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2012,12(3):204-207.
[3]邓立军.矿井通风阻力系数反演研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2014.DENG Lijun. Study on mine ventilation resistance coefficient inversion[D]. Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2014.
[4]司俊鸿.矿井通风系统风流参数动态监测及风量调节优化[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2012.SI Junhong. Dynamic monitoring of airflow parameters and air quantity regulation optimization for mine ventilation system[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2012.
[5]李雪冰,刘剑,宋莹,等.井巷断面内单点风速与平均风速转换机制[J].安全与环境学报,2018,18(1):123-128.LI Xuebing, LIU Jian, SONG Ying, et al. On the conversion between the mean airflow velocity and that of the individual point in the underground mine tunnels[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment,2018,18(1):123-128.
[6]王国法,王虹,任怀伟,等.智慧煤矿2025情景目标和发展路径[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):295-305.WANG Guofa, WANG Hong, REN Huaiwei, et al. 2025 scenarios and development path of intelligent coal mine[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):295-305.
[7] GB/T 34679—2017,智慧矿山信息系统通用技术规范[S].
[8]刘泽功.利用通风系统调风和阻力测定求算复杂通风网路分支风阻[J].煤矿安全,1991(1):1-7.
[9]周丽红,吕军,刘小军.测风求阻法的原理及实现[J].西安科技学院学报,2004,24(2):148-150.ZHOU Lihong,L(U|¨)Jun,LIU Xiaojun. The principle and implementation of calculating resistance through surveying airflow quantity[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science&Technology,2004,24(2):148-150.
[10]司俊鸿,陈开岩.基于Tikhonov正则化的矿井通风网络测风求阻法[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):994-998.SI Junhong,CHEN Kaiyan. Measuring airflow&evaluating resistance model of the mine ventilation network based on Tikhonov regularization[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2012,37(6):994-998.
[11]李雨成,刘天奇,周洋,等.基于风量反演风阻的节点压能解析方法[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):1076-1080.LI Yucheng,LIU Tianqi,ZHOU Yang,et al. Study of node pressure energy analytical method based on inversion from air volume to wind resistance[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):1076-1080.
[12]曽繁慧.数值分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009.
[13]吴杰,李明峰,余腾.测量数据处理中病态矩阵和正则化方法[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(4):102-105.WU Jie,LI Mingfeng,YU Teng. Ill matrix and regularization method in surveying data processing[J]. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2010,30(4):102-105.
[14]徐文,陈义,游为.奇异值分解法在病态问题中的应用[J].测绘通报,2016(1):62-63.XU Wen,CHEN Yi,YOU Wei. Application of SVD method in illposed problem[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):62-63.
[15]刘剑,贾进章,郑丹.基于无向图的角联结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):613-616.LIU Jian,JIA Jinzhang,ZHENG Dan. Study on diagonal structures in a non-directed graph[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2003,28(6):613-616.
[16]贾进章.矿井通风系统可靠性、稳定性、安全性理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[17]刘剑,贾进章,郑丹.流体网络理论[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2002.