试析康德对休谟问题的回答
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摘要
作为西方近代哲学史上最重要的哲学家之一,休谟为西方哲学的发展作出了巨大的贡献,尤其是他的"休谟问题"更是直接影响了后世好几代哲学家的思想,特别是康德的哲学思想,在一定程度上甚至可以说康德哲学是为回答"休谟问题"而展开的。康德将休谟问题视为因果问题,认为休谟的怀疑主义不仅否定了理性建构普遍必然性知识的能力,直接摧毁了形而上学的根基,而且以因果关系为切入点的怀疑将普遍必然性的知识建立在习惯性联想上,也使自然科学知识的根基发生了动摇。为了重建形而上学,挽救自然科学知识的危机,康德通过"哥白尼革命"从先天综合判断入手构建了一个完整的认识论体系,试图解决休谟问题。
As one of the most important philosophers in the history of modern western philosophy,Hume has made significant contributions to the development of western philosophy,especially his"Hume's Question"has direct impact on the thinking of later generations of philosophers,in particular on Kant's philosophical thinking,which,to a certain extent,can even be said to elaborate so as to answer"Hume's question".Kant regards Hume's question as a question of cause and effect,and holds that Hume's skepticism not only negates the ability of reason to construct universal knowledge of necessity,but also directly destroys the foundation of metaphysics.In addition,skepticism,with cause and effect as its starting point,constructs universal knowledge of necessity based on habitual association and shatters the foundation of natural science knowledge.In order to reconstruct metaphysics and save the crisis of natural science knowledge,Kant started with innate comprehensive judgment,constructed a complete epistemological system through "Copernican Revolution"and tried to answer Hume's question.
As one of the most important philosophers in the history of modern western philosophy,Hume has made significant contributions to the development of western philosophy,especially his"Hume's Question"has direct impact on the thinking of later generations of philosophers,in particular on Kant's philosophical thinking,which,to a certain extent,can even be said to elaborate so as to answer"Hume's question".Kant regards Hume's question as a question of cause and effect,and holds that Hume's skepticism not only negates the ability of reason to construct universal knowledge of necessity,but also directly destroys the foundation of metaphysics.In addition,skepticism,with cause and effect as its starting point,constructs universal knowledge of necessity based on habitual association and shatters the foundation of natural science knowledge.In order to reconstruct metaphysics and save the crisis of natural science knowledge,Kant started with innate comprehensive judgment,constructed a complete epistemological system through "Copernican Revolution"and tried to answer Hume's question.
引文
[1]休谟.人类理智研究[M].北京:商务印书馆,1985.
[2]李秋零.康德著作全集[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[3] BAYNE.Kant’s Answer To Hume:How Kant Should Have Tried To Stand Hume’s Copy Thesis On Its Head[J].British Journal for the History of Philosophy,2000(2):211.
[4]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].韦卓民,译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2004.
[5]恩格斯.路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:16-17.
[2]李秋零.康德著作全集[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[3] BAYNE.Kant’s Answer To Hume:How Kant Should Have Tried To Stand Hume’s Copy Thesis On Its Head[J].British Journal for the History of Philosophy,2000(2):211.
[4]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].韦卓民,译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2004.
[5]恩格斯.路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结[M].北京:人民出版社,1972:16-17.