掺杂纳米Al_2O_3对纤维绝缘纸电寿命的影响及机理
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摘要
纳米Al_2O_3掺杂能有效提升纤维绝缘纸的热寿命,为进一步探究其对纤维绝缘纸电寿命的影响,在实验室制备了纳米Al_2O_3改性纤维绝缘纸(质量分数为2%的掺杂量)和普通纤维绝缘纸手抄片,均采用矿物油进行真空浸渍后作为对比研究对象。在多样品绝缘材料电老化试验平台上,对两种油浸绝缘纸分六种不同电压开展加速电老化试验,以绝缘击穿失效作为寿命终点,利用电寿命反幂函数模型,分别计算并对比了其寿命指数,并对其介电性能进行测试。结果表明,相较于改性前的油浸绝缘纸,改性后的油浸绝缘纸具有更低的相对介电常数及介质损耗,寿命指数提高了20%,具有更高的抗电老化性能及更长的电寿命。最后,结合改性前后介质中电场分布、介质损耗及传导电流变化,分析了纳米Al_2O_3掺杂对油纸绝缘电寿命的影响机理。
Nanometer Al_2O_3 doping has been proved to be effective in improving the thermal life of cellulose insulation paper. In order to explore its further effect on the electrical life of cellulose insulation paper, nano-Al_2O_3 modified cellulose insulation paper(2% doping amount) and ordinary cellulose insulation paper were prepared in the laboratory. All the experiment samples were impregnated with mineral insulating oil under the same condition. Then the two kinds of samples were carried out accelerating aging test under 6 ranks of voltage with the multi-sample insulation material electrical aging test platform. Taking insulation breakdown failure as the end of life, inverse power function as the electrical aging lifetime model, the index of life expectancy was compared. The results show that, compared to the unmodified oil impregnated paper, modified oil impregnated paper has lower relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Moreover, the life index increased by 20%, with higher dielectric aging performance and longer life. Finally, the mechanism of nano-Al_2O_3 doping on the electrical life of oil paper insulation was analyzed in terms of the electric field distribution, dielectric loss and conduction current change before and after modification.
Nanometer Al_2O_3 doping has been proved to be effective in improving the thermal life of cellulose insulation paper. In order to explore its further effect on the electrical life of cellulose insulation paper, nano-Al_2O_3 modified cellulose insulation paper(2% doping amount) and ordinary cellulose insulation paper were prepared in the laboratory. All the experiment samples were impregnated with mineral insulating oil under the same condition. Then the two kinds of samples were carried out accelerating aging test under 6 ranks of voltage with the multi-sample insulation material electrical aging test platform. Taking insulation breakdown failure as the end of life, inverse power function as the electrical aging lifetime model, the index of life expectancy was compared. The results show that, compared to the unmodified oil impregnated paper, modified oil impregnated paper has lower relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Moreover, the life index increased by 20%, with higher dielectric aging performance and longer life. Finally, the mechanism of nano-Al_2O_3 doping on the electrical life of oil paper insulation was analyzed in terms of the electric field distribution, dielectric loss and conduction current change before and after modification.
引文
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[23]王有元,王施又,陆国俊,等.纳米AlN改性对干式变压器环氧树脂绝缘性能的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):174-180.Wang Youyuan,Wang Shiyou,Lu Guojun,et al.Influence of nano AlN modification on insulation properties of dry type transformer epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(7):174-180.
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[25]Yang Yang,He Jinliang,Wu Guangning,et al.“Thermal stabilization effect”of Al2O3 nano-dopants improves the high-temperature dielectric performance of polyimide[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:16986.
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[29]Li Shengtao,Yin Guilai,Bai Suna,et al.A new potential barrier model in epoxy resin nanodielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):1535-1543.
[30]Yang Wenhu,Yi Ran,Yang Xu,et al.Effect of particle size and dispersion on dielectric properties in ZnO/epoxy resin composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials,2012,13(3):116-120.
[31]田付强,杨春,何丽娟,等.聚合物/无机纳米复合电介质介电性能及其机理最新研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):1-12.Tian Fuqiang,Yang Chun,He Lijuan,et al.The latest research of polymer/inorganic nano composite dielectric properties and the mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):1-12.
[32]GB/T1408-2006绝缘材料电气强度试验方法第1部分:工频下试验[S].2006.
[33]谢毓城.电力变压器手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[2]蔡金锭,刘永清,蔡嘉,等.油纸绝缘变压器极化等效电路分析及其老化评估[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(15):204-212.Cai Jinding,Liu Yongqing,Cai Jia,et al.Analysis of polarization equivalent circuit of oil paper insulated transformer and its aging evaluation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(15):204-212.
[3]唐超,张松,张福州,等.变压器绝缘纸纤维素耐热老化性能提升的模拟及试验[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(10):68-76.Tang Chao,Zhang Song,Zhang Fuzhou,et al.Simulation and experiment of heat aging resistance improvement of transformer insulation paper cellulose[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(10):68-76.
[4]王有元,高竣,刘捷丰,等.变压器油纸绝缘老化与水分含量评估频域介电特征量[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(22):215-221.Wang Youyuan,Gao Jun,Liu Jiefeng,et al.Aging and water content evaluation of frequency domain dielectric characteristic quantity of transformer oil paper insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(22):215-221.
[5]Gilbert R,Jalbert J,Duchesne S,et al.Kinetics of the production of chain-end groups and methanol from the depolymerization of cellulose during the ageing of paper/oil systems,part 2:thermally-upgraded insulating papers[J].Cellulose,2010,17(2):253-269.
[6]林燕桢,蔡金锭.回复电压极化谱特征量与油纸绝缘变压器微水含量关系分析[J].电力系统保护与控制,2014,42(5):148-153.Lin Yanzhen,Cai Jinding.Analysis of the relationship between the characteristics of the restored voltage polarization spectrum and the micro water content of the oil paper insulation transformer[J].Power System Protection and Control,2014,42(5):148-153.
[7]廖瑞金,柳海滨,柏舸,等.纳米SiO2/芳纶绝缘纸复合材料的空间电荷特性和介电性能[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(12):40-48.Liao Ruijin,Liu Haibin,Bai Ge,et al.The space charge characteristics of paper composite material and dielectric properties of nano-SiO2/aramid fiber insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(12):40-48.
[8]Yamagata N,Miyagi K,Oe E.Diagnosis of thermal degradation for thermally upgraded paper in mineral oil[C]//Proceedings of 2008 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis,Beijing,2007:1000-1004.
[9]廖瑞金,解兵,杨丽君,等.油纸绝缘电-热联合老化寿命模型的比较与分析[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(2):17-21.Liao Ruijin,Xie Bing,Yang Lijun,et al.Comparison and analysis of electrical thermal combined aging life model of oil paper insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(2):17-21.
[10]鄢水强,廖瑞金,吕彦冬,等.纳米Al2O3掺杂对绝缘纸热老化电气特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(11):225-232.Yan Shuiqiang,Liao Ruijin,LüYandong,et al.Nano Al2O3 doping effect on the electrical properties of the insulation paper aging heat[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(11):225-232.
[11]廖瑞金,何利华,吕彦冬,等.纳米Al2O3掺杂对油纸绝缘热老化特性的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(15):207-215.Liao Ruijin,He Lihua,LüYandong,et al.Effect of nano Al2O3 doping on thermal aging properties of oil paper insulation[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(15):207-215.
[12]Saha T K,Purkait P.Investigation of an expert system for the condition assessment of transformer insulation based on dielectric response measurement[J].IEEETransactions on Power Delivery,2004,19(3):1127-1134.
[13]Cygan P,Laghari J R.Models for insulation aging under electrical and thermal multistress[J].IEEETransactions on Electrical Insulation,1990,25(5):923-934.
[14]Tang L C,Sun Y S,Goh T N,et al.Analysis of stepstress accelerated-life-test data:a new approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Reliability,1996,45(1):69-74.
[15]杨丽君,廖瑞金,李剑,等.用逐步升压法和Weibull参数估计油纸绝缘寿命[J].高电压技术,2004,30(6):4-6.Yang Lijun,Liao Ruijin,Li Jian,et al.Estimation of oil paper insulation life by step up voltage method and Weibull parameter[J].High Voltage Technology,2004,30(6):4-6.
[16]高璇,李静一,刘福生,等.极大拟然估计法在绝缘结构寿命试验中的应用--环氧浇注干式变压器绝缘电老化模拟试验[J].上海交通大学学报,1986,3(7):1-6.Gao Xuan,Li Jingyi,Liu Fusheng,et al.The maximum likelihood estimation method in the insulation structure of life test of epoxy cast dry-type transformer insulation aging simulation test[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,1986,3(7):1-6.
[17]Montanari G C.Electrical life threshold models for solid insulating materials subjected to electrical and multiple stresses.I.Investigation and comparison of life models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1992,27(5):974-986.
[18]Cacciari M,Montanari G C.Electrical life threshold models for solid insulating materials subjected to electrical and multiple stresses.II.Probabilities approach to generalized life models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,1992,27(5):987-999.
[19]Prevost T A,Oommen T V.Cellulose insulation in oilfilled power transformers:part I-history and development[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation,2006,22(1):28-35.
[20]Glomm E M H,Liland K B,Lundgaard L E.Oxidation of paper insulation in transformers[J].IEEETransactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):939-946.
[21]Tanaka T,Kozako M,Fuse N,et al.Proposal of a multi-core model for polymer nanocomposite dielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2005,12(4):669-681.
[22]Nelson J K,Dissado L A,Peasgood W.Toward an understanding of nanometric dielectrics[C]//Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenonena,Xian,2002:295-298.
[23]王有元,王施又,陆国俊,等.纳米AlN改性对干式变压器环氧树脂绝缘性能的影响[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(7):174-180.Wang Youyuan,Wang Shiyou,Lu Guojun,et al.Influence of nano AlN modification on insulation properties of dry type transformer epoxy resin[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(7):174-180.
[24]Zhang Qin,Wang Ke,Men Y,et al.Dispersion and tensile behavior of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites produced via melt intercalation[J].Chinese Journal of Polymer Science,2003,21(3):359-367.
[25]Yang Yang,He Jinliang,Wu Guangning,et al.“Thermal stabilization effect”of Al2O3 nano-dopants improves the high-temperature dielectric performance of polyimide[J].Scientific Reports,2015,5:16986.
[26]Murakami Y,Okuzumi S,Masuda S,et al.DCconduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPEnanocomposite[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):739-753.
[27]Cao Y,Irwin P C,Younsi K.The future of nanodieleetries in the eleetrieal power industry[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(5):797-807.
[28]王霞,成霞,陈少卿,等.纳米ZnO/低密度聚乙烯复合材料的介电特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(19):13-19.Wang Xia,Cheng Xia,Chen Shaoqing,et al.Dielectric properties of the composites of nano-ZnO/low density polyethylene[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(19):13-19.
[29]Li Shengtao,Yin Guilai,Bai Suna,et al.A new potential barrier model in epoxy resin nanodielectrics[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2011,18(3):1535-1543.
[30]Yang Wenhu,Yi Ran,Yang Xu,et al.Effect of particle size and dispersion on dielectric properties in ZnO/epoxy resin composites[J].IEEE Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials,2012,13(3):116-120.
[31]田付强,杨春,何丽娟,等.聚合物/无机纳米复合电介质介电性能及其机理最新研究进展[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(3):1-12.Tian Fuqiang,Yang Chun,He Lijuan,et al.The latest research of polymer/inorganic nano composite dielectric properties and the mechanism[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2011,26(3):1-12.
[32]GB/T1408-2006绝缘材料电气强度试验方法第1部分:工频下试验[S].2006.
[33]谢毓城.电力变压器手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.