声学深拖系统在海底冷泉调查中的应用
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摘要
结合冷泉区天然气羽状流气柱的特征和已有的探测成果,文中使用新型的声学深拖在疑似冷泉点附近开展试验性调查。利用搭载在深拖上的高分辨率侧扫声呐和Chirp型浅地层剖面仪及多波束系统获取冷泉点附近的侧扫声呐数据、海底浅部地层剖面数据及多波束水体数据。3个疑似冷泉在侧扫声呐图像上呈现明显的亮斑,多波束水体数据可探测冷泉并确定冷泉位置,在浅地层剖面数据上可见清晰的声学反射空白带,指示天然气水合物的运移通道,同时在冷泉点3附近还发现一个新的冷泉异常点。研究结果表明,采用深拖作业,结合多种声学技术手段,可对冷泉目标物进行立体声学探测,为冷泉的快速勘查与识别定位提供科学可靠的技术依据,验证先前调查手段和分析方法的正确性。
According to the characteristics of the gas hydrate and existing detection results at the suspected cold seep area,a new acoustic deep tow is used to carry out the experimental investigation.Acoustic backscatter data and the shallow stratigraphic profile data are obtained by using the high-resolution sidescan sonar and the Chirp sub-bottom profiler mounted on the deep tow.Three bright spot anomalies caused by the bubble plume appear on the side scan sonar sonogram,which verifies the correctness of the previous investigation and analytical methods.However,a new cold seep anomaly is found near the cold seep point 3.In addition,acoustic voids which indicate the transport channel of the gas hydrate are clearly shown on the shallow stratigraphic profile data.
According to the characteristics of the gas hydrate and existing detection results at the suspected cold seep area,a new acoustic deep tow is used to carry out the experimental investigation.Acoustic backscatter data and the shallow stratigraphic profile data are obtained by using the high-resolution sidescan sonar and the Chirp sub-bottom profiler mounted on the deep tow.Three bright spot anomalies caused by the bubble plume appear on the side scan sonar sonogram,which verifies the correctness of the previous investigation and analytical methods.However,a new cold seep anomaly is found near the cold seep point 3.In addition,acoustic voids which indicate the transport channel of the gas hydrate are clearly shown on the shallow stratigraphic profile data.
引文
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[11]李守军,初凤友,方银霞,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层与单道地震剖面联合解释——水合物区沉积地层特征[J].海洋地球物理学,2010,29(4):56-62.
[12]刘伯然,宋海斌,关永贤,等.南海东北部陆坡冷泉系统的浅地层剖面特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(1):247-256.
[13]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.
[14]栾锡武,刘鸿,岳保静,等.海底冷泉在旁扫声呐图像上的识别[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):474-479.
[15]郭军,马金凤,王爱学.基于XTF格式的侧扫声呐数据解码及可视化[J].测绘工程,2016,25(11):50-53.
[16]郭军,马桂云,马金凤,等.一种针对侧扫声呐图像的数字镶嵌技术方法[J].测绘工程,2017,26(6):34-39.
[2]顾兆峰,刘怀山,张志珣.浅层气逸出到海水中的气泡声学探测方法[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2008,28(2):129-135.
[3]李灿苹,刘学伟,赵罗臣.天然气水合物冷泉和气泡羽状流研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(2):1048-1056.
[4]尚久靖,吴庐山,梁金强,等.南海东北部陆坡海底微地貌特征及其天然气渗透模式[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2014,34(1):129-136.
[5]KVENVOLDEN K A.Worldwide distribution of subaquatic gas hydrates[J].Geo-Marine Letters,1993,13:32-40.
[6]KLAUCKE I,WEINREBE W,PETERSEN C J.Temporal variability of gas seeps offshore New Zealand:Multi-frequency eoacoustic imaging of the Wairarapa aea,Hikurangi margin[J].Marine Geology,2010,(272):49-58.
[7]BAYON G B,BIROT D,RUFFINE L.Evidence for intense REE scavenging at cold seeps from the Niger Delta Margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2011,(312):443452.
[8]陶军,陈宗恒.“海马”号无人遥控潜水器的研制与应用[J].工程研究,2016,8(2):185-191.
[9]刘胜旋,关永贤,宋永志,等.多波束水体影像的归位算法研究与实现[J].海洋测绘,2016,36(1):43-47.
[10]张汉泉,吴庐山,张锦炜,等.海底可视技术在天然气水合物勘查中的应用[J].地质通报,2005,24(2):185-188.
[11]李守军,初凤友,方银霞,等.南海北部陆坡神狐海域浅地层与单道地震剖面联合解释——水合物区沉积地层特征[J].海洋地球物理学,2010,29(4):56-62.
[12]刘伯然,宋海斌,关永贤,等.南海东北部陆坡冷泉系统的浅地层剖面特征与分析[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(1):247-256.
[13]徐华宁,杨胜雄,郑晓东,等.南中国海神狐海域天然气水合物地震识别及分布特征[J].地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1691-1698.
[14]栾锡武,刘鸿,岳保静,等.海底冷泉在旁扫声呐图像上的识别[J].现代地质,2010,24(3):474-479.
[15]郭军,马金凤,王爱学.基于XTF格式的侧扫声呐数据解码及可视化[J].测绘工程,2016,25(11):50-53.
[16]郭军,马桂云,马金凤,等.一种针对侧扫声呐图像的数字镶嵌技术方法[J].测绘工程,2017,26(6):34-39.