琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物成藏条件及有利区带预测
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摘要
分析了琼东南盆地华光凹陷天然气水合物稳定条件、气源供给来源、运移通道类型等成藏条件,指出了研究区天然气水合物的勘探方向并建立了天然气水合物的成藏模式。华光凹陷浅部沉积层的温度、压力条件满足天然气水合物形成的要求,生物成因甲烷水合物稳定带最大厚度约320m,热成因天然气水合物稳定带最大厚度约为345m。气源岩主要分布在凹陷西部地区的断陷期层序中,具有早、晚两期生烃且以晚期为主的特征,有利于热解成因气在水合物稳定带内的聚集成藏。晚中新世以来快速沉降的巨厚半深海细粒沉积物为生物成因气的形成提供了物质基础。泥底辟与其伴生断裂及多边形断层等构成了天然气水合物成藏的主要流体运移体系。华光凹陷靠近(1)号断裂的西部地区是有利的勘探方向。晚中新世以来的快速沉降使得渐新世成熟—过熟烃源岩大量生气或裂解,而且由于欠压实作用形成的地层超压为含气流体的运移提供了强大的动力。热解天然气和生物气沿着泥底辟和多边形断层等构成的输导网络向上垂向运移至水合物稳定带,形成天然气水合物,其中深水浊流水道是寻找高饱和度水合物的有利目标体。
The temperature and pressure conditions of the shallow deposits in the Huaguang Depression meet well the requirements for natural gas hydrate accumulation.There the maximum thickness of the biogenic methane hydrate stable zone is about 320 m,while the maximum thickness of the thermogenic gas hydrate stable zone is about 345 m.Gas source rocks occur mainly in the rifting-stage sequence in the western part of the Huaguang Depression,in which there are two stages of hydrocarbon generation,with the later one dominating.It is favorable for the thermogenic natural gas to accumulate in the hydrate stability zone.Since Late Miocene,the rapid deposition of mudstone provided sufficient organic matters for the formation of biogenic gas.Mud diapirs,associated faults and polygonal faults constitute the main fluid migration system for natural gas hydrate accumulation.The western area close to the fault No.1 is a favorable exploration target.The rapid subsidence since Late Miocene made the Oligocene hydrocarbon source rocks possible to produce a large amount of natural gas,and the overpressure formed by undercompaction provided a powerful driving force for the migration of gas bearing fluid.Thus the thermogenic and biogenic natural gas migrated upwards along mud diapirs and polygon faults to the hydrate stable zone,and eventually formed gas hydrate deposits there.The deep water turbidite channel is doubtlessly a favorable target for explora-tion of highly saturated hydrate.
The temperature and pressure conditions of the shallow deposits in the Huaguang Depression meet well the requirements for natural gas hydrate accumulation.There the maximum thickness of the biogenic methane hydrate stable zone is about 320 m,while the maximum thickness of the thermogenic gas hydrate stable zone is about 345 m.Gas source rocks occur mainly in the rifting-stage sequence in the western part of the Huaguang Depression,in which there are two stages of hydrocarbon generation,with the later one dominating.It is favorable for the thermogenic natural gas to accumulate in the hydrate stability zone.Since Late Miocene,the rapid deposition of mudstone provided sufficient organic matters for the formation of biogenic gas.Mud diapirs,associated faults and polygonal faults constitute the main fluid migration system for natural gas hydrate accumulation.The western area close to the fault No.1 is a favorable exploration target.The rapid subsidence since Late Miocene made the Oligocene hydrocarbon source rocks possible to produce a large amount of natural gas,and the overpressure formed by undercompaction provided a powerful driving force for the migration of gas bearing fluid.Thus the thermogenic and biogenic natural gas migrated upwards along mud diapirs and polygon faults to the hydrate stable zone,and eventually formed gas hydrate deposits there.The deep water turbidite channel is doubtlessly a favorable target for explora-tion of highly saturated hydrate.
引文
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