生物节律与运动
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摘要
生物节律是指生命活动按一定时间顺序、周而复始地发生变化的节律,人体正常的生理功能与生物节律密切相关。已有研究发现,人体的生物节律尤其是昼夜节律能够影响运动能力的提高以及运动水平的发挥,而运动也能对生物节律产生反作用。昼夜节律可以影响人体的核心体温、肌肉力量和有氧无氧运动能力、柔韧性、细胞损伤和氧化应激水平、褪黑素、生长激素、催乳素、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的相关激素、促甲状腺素(甲状腺素)以及瘦素、胃饥饿素、胰岛素。而生物内分泌激素如褪黑素、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的相关激素、生长激素等的产生的节律也会影响运动训练过程和运动表现。此外,不同运动类型的运动表现的生物节律性也是存在差别的。因此根据人体生物节律特点科学合理地安排运动时间和强度对提高训练效率,减少运动损伤发生,克服时差反应等对运动员创造良好成绩具有十分重要的意义。
Biorhythm is the physiological cycle of life activities repeated in a uniform pattern which can be referenced in all human physiological functions. Studies showed that the biorhythms especially the circadian rhythm has signi?cant in?uences on the exercise function, while exercise affects biorhythms. Circadian rhythms act on the core body temperature, muscle strength, aerobic and anaerobic exercise ability, ?exibility, cellular damage and oxidative stress, melatonin, growth hormone etc. And Some endocrine hormones regulating by the light/dark cycle such as melatonin,hormones related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis and growth hormone also have in?uences on the performance of sports. Moreover, different exercise shows various types of biorhythms. Thus, training of scienti?c and reasonable arrangement, following the principle of the biorhythm can improve training ef?ciency and reduce sports injuries.
Biorhythm is the physiological cycle of life activities repeated in a uniform pattern which can be referenced in all human physiological functions. Studies showed that the biorhythms especially the circadian rhythm has signi?cant in?uences on the exercise function, while exercise affects biorhythms. Circadian rhythms act on the core body temperature, muscle strength, aerobic and anaerobic exercise ability, ?exibility, cellular damage and oxidative stress, melatonin, growth hormone etc. And Some endocrine hormones regulating by the light/dark cycle such as melatonin,hormones related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis and growth hormone also have in?uences on the performance of sports. Moreover, different exercise shows various types of biorhythms. Thus, training of scienti?c and reasonable arrangement, following the principle of the biorhythm can improve training ef?ciency and reduce sports injuries.
引文
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CANO SOKOLOFF N,MISRA M,ACKERMAN K E,2016.Exercise,Training,and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Men and Women[J].Front Horm Res,47:27-43.
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CHTOUROU H,HAMMOUDA O,SOUISSI H,et al.,2012.Diurnal variations in physical performances related to football in young soccer players[J].Asian J Sports Med,3:139-144.
CHTOUROU H,SOUISSI N,2012.The effect of training at a speci?c time of day:A review[J].J Strength Cond Res,26:1984-2005.
CIARLEGLIO C M,RYCKMAN K K,SERVICK S V,et al.,2008.Genetic differences in human circadian clock genes among worldwide populations[J].J Biol Rhythms,23:330-340.
CILOGLU F,PEKER I,PEHLIVAN A,et al.,2005.Exercise intensity and its effects on thyroid hormones[J].Neuro Endocrinol Lett,26:830-834.
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DUCLOS M,TABARIN A,2016.Exercise and the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis[J].Front Horm Res,47:12-26.
FARINA D,MERLETTI R,INDINO B,et al.,2004.Surface EMGcrosstalk evaluated from experimental recordings and simulated signals.Reflections on crosstalk interpretation,quantification and reduction[J].Methods Inf Med,43:30-35.
GIFFORD L S,1987.Circadian variation in human?exibility and grip strength[J].Aust J Physiother,33:3-9.
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