广西毛南族体质人类学
|
摘要
目的:了解广西毛南族体质特征,为国人体质人类学、法医学、临床医学等领域的研究提供毛南族基础数据。方法:用活体观察和测量方法,对生活在广西环江县,年龄19~80岁之间,追溯3代均为毛南族的522人(男211人,女311人)进行观察和测量(观察项目26个,测量项目56个),用所得数据建立数据库并使用SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果:活体观察结果显示,广西毛南族眼裂高度中等,斜度以平行为主,大部分无蒙古褶,直型鼻背,上唇侧面观以正唇型多见,耳垂多为圆形和三角形,多为右利手,拇指直型。活体测量结果显示,身高以矮型为主,躯干以中型和长型为主,肩以宽型为主,腿以中型为主,头以圆型和中型为主,鼻以中型为主,面以超狭型为主。与贵州毛南族比较,广西毛南族身高明显低于贵州毛南族,广西毛南族多无蒙古褶,眼裂倾斜度多呈水平型,而贵州毛南族多有蒙古褶,眼裂倾斜度多为外角高;聚类分析结果显示广西毛南族体质特征与贵州侗族最为接近,与广西彝族、云南傈僳族、广西苗族次之,与云南阿昌族、广西壮族和京族、云南纳西族较远。结论:广西毛南族体质特征存在性别差异,与贵州毛南族比较也存在地域性差异。在中国南方23个少数民族聚类分析中广西毛南族体质特征与贵州侗族最为接近。
Objective:To understand the physical features of Maonan nationality in Guangxi and to provide basic data of Maonan nationality for the research of their physical anthropology,medical jurisprudence,clinical medicine,etc.Methods:522 people(211 males,311 females)aged between 19 and 80 year who were Maonan nationality for three generations in Huanjiang County of Guangxi were observed and measured.The data were collected to establish a database for statistical analysis by SPSS 19.0.Results:The height of eyeslits was medium;the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel;most people had no mongoloid fold;nasal back was straight;the upper lip on lateral view was upright;most of the earlobe types were round or triangular;most people were right-handed;the thumb was mainly straight.The stature was mainly dwarf;the trunk was mainly medium and long;the shoulder was mainly wide;the leg was mainly medium length;the head was mainly round or medium;the nose was medium;the face was mainly super narrow.Compared with Maonan nationality in Guizhou,the stature of Maonan nationality in Guangxi was obviously lower than that in Guizhou.Maonan people in Guangxi had no mongoloid fold and the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel.However,Maonan people in Guizhou had mongoloid fold and the inter-height of the eyeslits was lower than extra-height.Clustering analysis showed that Guangxi Maonan nationality was closest to Guizhou Dong nationality,followed by Guangxi Yi nationality,Yunnan Lisu nationality and Guangxi Miao nationality.Yunnan Achang nationality,Guangxi Zhuang nationality,Guangxi Jing nationality and Yunnan Naxi nationality were remotely related to Maonan nationality in Guangxi.Conclusion:The physical characteristics vary in different genders of Maonan Nationality in Guangxi,and the physical characteristics of Maonan between Guangxi and Guizhou have regional differences. The physical characteristics between Maonan nationality in Guangxi and Dong nationality in Guizhou are the most similar.
Objective:To understand the physical features of Maonan nationality in Guangxi and to provide basic data of Maonan nationality for the research of their physical anthropology,medical jurisprudence,clinical medicine,etc.Methods:522 people(211 males,311 females)aged between 19 and 80 year who were Maonan nationality for three generations in Huanjiang County of Guangxi were observed and measured.The data were collected to establish a database for statistical analysis by SPSS 19.0.Results:The height of eyeslits was medium;the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel;most people had no mongoloid fold;nasal back was straight;the upper lip on lateral view was upright;most of the earlobe types were round or triangular;most people were right-handed;the thumb was mainly straight.The stature was mainly dwarf;the trunk was mainly medium and long;the shoulder was mainly wide;the leg was mainly medium length;the head was mainly round or medium;the nose was medium;the face was mainly super narrow.Compared with Maonan nationality in Guizhou,the stature of Maonan nationality in Guangxi was obviously lower than that in Guizhou.Maonan people in Guangxi had no mongoloid fold and the direction of eyeslits was mainly parallel.However,Maonan people in Guizhou had mongoloid fold and the inter-height of the eyeslits was lower than extra-height.Clustering analysis showed that Guangxi Maonan nationality was closest to Guizhou Dong nationality,followed by Guangxi Yi nationality,Yunnan Lisu nationality and Guangxi Miao nationality.Yunnan Achang nationality,Guangxi Zhuang nationality,Guangxi Jing nationality and Yunnan Naxi nationality were remotely related to Maonan nationality in Guangxi.Conclusion:The physical characteristics vary in different genders of Maonan Nationality in Guangxi,and the physical characteristics of Maonan between Guangxi and Guizhou have regional differences. The physical characteristics between Maonan nationality in Guangxi and Dong nationality in Guizhou are the most similar.
引文
[1]周善金,黄秀峰,莫庭炳,等.环江毛南族女性体重和足长与身高的关系[J].解剖学研究,2007,29(3):217-218.
[2]黄秀峰,周善金,黄昌盛,等.广西毛南族健康女性定量超声骨量峰值[J].解剖学杂志,2008,31(2):253-254.
[3]杨圆圆,王金花,舒方义,等.广西毛南族中小学生同身寸与身高、足长的相关性[J].解剖学杂志,2015,38(3):330-332.
[4]邓琼英,蒋现永,玉洪荣,等.毛南族绝经和未绝经女性体成分与血脂的相关性[J].解剖学杂志,2014,45(5):710-714.
[5]徐林,李松峰,周丽宁,等.广西毛南族青少年体质发育分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2007,24(1):147-149.
[6]张勋,余跃生,任光祥,等.贵州毛南族体质人类学研究[J].黔南民族医专学报,1997,10(4):8-14.
[7]吴汝康.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:3-11.
[8]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:10
[9]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985:202-293.
[10]任光祥,余跃生,杨胜文.贵州土家族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2012,31(2):289-298.
[11]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):156-164.
[12]于会新.佤族体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008.
[13]李明,余发昌,刘冠豪.云南景颇族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1989,8(1):8-16.
[14]王齐家,刘配泉,范松青.湖南省江华瑶族自治县瑶族体质人类学初步研究[J].人类学学报,1983,2(4):359-366.
[15]罗远才,韩承柱,肖冠宇.湖南土家族的体质研究[J].人类学学报,1985,4(2):160-172.
[16]余跃生,任光翔.贵州布依族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(3):204-214
[17]杨小军,张勋.贵州仫佬族体质人类学研究[J].生物学通报,2012,47(1):11-13.
[18]刘配泉,邹锦慧,向德标.湖南侗族体质人类学初步研究[J].人类学学报,1988,7(1):53-59.
[19]余跃生,王克松,陆玉炯,等.贵州“过卯”水族的体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2007,26(2):155-164.
[20]庞祖荫,李培春,梁明康,等.广西德峨苗族、彝族体质调查[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):324-335.
[21]刘冠豪,李明,余发昌.傈僳族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1990,9(2):122-129.
[22]杨秀梅,余跃生等.贵州侗族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2010,29(1):73-81.
[23]罗载刚,杨家力,余跃生等.白裤瑶体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2003,22(2):150-160.
[24]余跃生,陆玉炯等.贵州王卡苗族体质人类学研究[J].生物学通报,2012,47(1):54-63.
[25]余发昌,李明,刘冠豪.云南苗族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(4):321-326.
[26]李明,李跃敏,陈宏患,等.云南阿昌族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):20-26.
[27]张振标,张建军.广西壮族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1983,8(3):260-271.
[28]廖彦博,李坤,郑连斌,等.广西京族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2010,29(1):100-102.
[29]刘冠豪,余发昌,李明,等.云南纳西族的体质特研究[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):13-19.
[2]黄秀峰,周善金,黄昌盛,等.广西毛南族健康女性定量超声骨量峰值[J].解剖学杂志,2008,31(2):253-254.
[3]杨圆圆,王金花,舒方义,等.广西毛南族中小学生同身寸与身高、足长的相关性[J].解剖学杂志,2015,38(3):330-332.
[4]邓琼英,蒋现永,玉洪荣,等.毛南族绝经和未绝经女性体成分与血脂的相关性[J].解剖学杂志,2014,45(5):710-714.
[5]徐林,李松峰,周丽宁,等.广西毛南族青少年体质发育分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2007,24(1):147-149.
[6]张勋,余跃生,任光祥,等.贵州毛南族体质人类学研究[J].黔南民族医专学报,1997,10(4):8-14.
[7]吴汝康.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1984:3-11.
[8]席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:10
[9]邵象清.人体测量手册[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1985:202-293.
[10]任光祥,余跃生,杨胜文.贵州土家族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2012,31(2):289-298.
[11]郑连斌,陆舜华,罗东梅.怒族的体质调查[J].人类学学报,2008,27(2):156-164.
[12]于会新.佤族体质人类学与人类群体遗传学研究[D].天津:天津师范大学,2008.
[13]李明,余发昌,刘冠豪.云南景颇族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1989,8(1):8-16.
[14]王齐家,刘配泉,范松青.湖南省江华瑶族自治县瑶族体质人类学初步研究[J].人类学学报,1983,2(4):359-366.
[15]罗远才,韩承柱,肖冠宇.湖南土家族的体质研究[J].人类学学报,1985,4(2):160-172.
[16]余跃生,任光翔.贵州布依族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(3):204-214
[17]杨小军,张勋.贵州仫佬族体质人类学研究[J].生物学通报,2012,47(1):11-13.
[18]刘配泉,邹锦慧,向德标.湖南侗族体质人类学初步研究[J].人类学学报,1988,7(1):53-59.
[19]余跃生,王克松,陆玉炯,等.贵州“过卯”水族的体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2007,26(2):155-164.
[20]庞祖荫,李培春,梁明康,等.广西德峨苗族、彝族体质调查[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):324-335.
[21]刘冠豪,李明,余发昌.傈僳族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1990,9(2):122-129.
[22]杨秀梅,余跃生等.贵州侗族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2010,29(1):73-81.
[23]罗载刚,杨家力,余跃生等.白裤瑶体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2003,22(2):150-160.
[24]余跃生,陆玉炯等.贵州王卡苗族体质人类学研究[J].生物学通报,2012,47(1):54-63.
[25]余发昌,李明,刘冠豪.云南苗族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(4):321-326.
[26]李明,李跃敏,陈宏患,等.云南阿昌族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):20-26.
[27]张振标,张建军.广西壮族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1983,8(3):260-271.
[28]廖彦博,李坤,郑连斌,等.广西京族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2010,29(1):100-102.
[29]刘冠豪,余发昌,李明,等.云南纳西族的体质特研究[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):13-19.