中国蒙古族头面部的体质人类学特征
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摘要
目的探讨中国蒙古族头面部体质人类学特征以及蒙古族各个族群头面部体质指标值的差异。方法对蒙古族17个族群的12项头面部测量指标(头长、头宽、面宽、额最小宽、形态面高、鼻高、鼻宽、眼内角间宽、容貌耳长、唇高、口宽、耳上头高)的均值进行聚类分析与主成分分析。结果东北三省的杜尔伯特部、郭尔罗斯部、阜新蒙古族、喀左县蒙古族的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值较小,口宽、额最小宽值小,两眼之间的距离近。北方汉族与科尔沁部头面部特征最为接近。巴尔虎部、鄂尔多斯部和青海和硕特部的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值大,而口宽、额最小宽值小,两眼之间的距离较近。布里亚特部、额济纳土尔扈特部、赤峰蒙古族、东北汉族、锡林郭勒蒙古族的共同特点是头、面、鼻较宽或中等,口宽、额最小宽值大,两眼之间的距离大。新疆察哈尔部和土尔扈特部的头宽、面宽、鼻宽值小,而口宽、额最小宽值中等,两眼之间的距离中等。云南蒙古族头面部特征与北方各个蒙古族族群差距较大。结论按照头面部特征可以将蒙古族分为3个大组。主成分分析表明,头面部和五官的宽度指标是区分蒙古族各个族群头面部形态特征的主要依据。北方汉族与蒙古族头面部特征有一定的共性。总体上来说,蒙古族面高、鼻高、形态面高均值与东亚类型均值接近,而不是与北亚类型接近。
Objective To explore the physical anthropology characteristics of Chinese Mongolian head and face.Methods A total of 12 head and face indexes(head length,head breadth,face breadth,minimum frontal breadth,morphological facial height,nasal height,nasal breadth,interocular breadth,physiognomic ear length,lip height,mouth breadth,auricular height) of the 17 Mongolian ethnic groups were analyzed by the cluster analysis and principal component analysis.Results The head length,face breadth and nose breadth of Duerbote,Guoer Ross,Fuxin,Calaqinleft were small,and the interocular breadth was close.Northern Han was close to Horqin.The head breadth,face breadth,nose breadth of Bargud and Ordos were large but mouth breadth,minimum frontal breadth,interocular breadth were small.Buriat,Torghut,Chifeng,Northeast Han and Xilincol had something in common that head,face and nose were more broad,and the mouth breadth,minimum frontal breadth and interocular breadth were large.Head length,face breadth,nose breadth of Xinjiang Qahar and Torghut were small,but mouth breadth,interocular breadth and minimum frontal breadth were medium.The Mongolian ethnic group's facial features in Yunnan province differed greatly from the Mongolian ethnic groups in the north.Conclusion According to the characteristics of head and face,Mongolian people can be divided into three groups.The principal component analysis shows that the width index of head and face is the main basis for distinguishing the facial features of all ethnic groups in Mongolian.The facial features of Northern Han and Mongolian have some commonalities.Generally speaking,Mongolian ethnicity morphological facial height and,nasal height are close to East Asia but not North Asia.
Objective To explore the physical anthropology characteristics of Chinese Mongolian head and face.Methods A total of 12 head and face indexes(head length,head breadth,face breadth,minimum frontal breadth,morphological facial height,nasal height,nasal breadth,interocular breadth,physiognomic ear length,lip height,mouth breadth,auricular height) of the 17 Mongolian ethnic groups were analyzed by the cluster analysis and principal component analysis.Results The head length,face breadth and nose breadth of Duerbote,Guoer Ross,Fuxin,Calaqinleft were small,and the interocular breadth was close.Northern Han was close to Horqin.The head breadth,face breadth,nose breadth of Bargud and Ordos were large but mouth breadth,minimum frontal breadth,interocular breadth were small.Buriat,Torghut,Chifeng,Northeast Han and Xilincol had something in common that head,face and nose were more broad,and the mouth breadth,minimum frontal breadth and interocular breadth were large.Head length,face breadth,nose breadth of Xinjiang Qahar and Torghut were small,but mouth breadth,interocular breadth and minimum frontal breadth were medium.The Mongolian ethnic group's facial features in Yunnan province differed greatly from the Mongolian ethnic groups in the north.Conclusion According to the characteristics of head and face,Mongolian people can be divided into three groups.The principal component analysis shows that the width index of head and face is the main basis for distinguishing the facial features of all ethnic groups in Mongolian.The facial features of Northern Han and Mongolian have some commonalities.Generally speaking,Mongolian ethnicity morphological facial height and,nasal height are close to East Asia but not North Asia.
引文
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[7]Li YL,Zheng LB.A study on the physical characteristics of Barags in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2016,35(3):431-444.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌.中国巴尔虎人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2016,35(3):431-444.
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[12]Li YL,Zheng LB,Yu KL,et al.Variation of head and facial morphological characteristics with increased age of Han in Southern China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(4-5):517-524.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.中国南方汉族人的头面部形特征的年龄变化[J].科学通报,2013,58(4-5):517-524.
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[14]Xi HJ,Chen Zh.Anthropometric Methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:145-156.(in Chinese)席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:145-156.
[15]Lin HM,Du ZF.Some problems in comprehensive evaluation in the principal component analysis[J].Statistical Research,2013,30(8):25-31.(in Chinese)林海明,杜子芳.主成分分析综合评价应该注意的问题[J].统计研究,2013,30(8):25-31.
[16]Luojinsky YY,Levin MG.Anthropology[M].Beijing:Police Education Press,1993:525-528.雅·雅·罗金斯基,马·格·列文(王培英,汪连兴,史庆礼译).人类学[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1993:525-528.
[17]Chen YL.National Dictionary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,1987:188-202.(in Chinese)陈永龄.民族词典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1987:188-202.
[18]Sanna E,Palmas L,Soro MR.Growth charts of head length and breadth for regional areas?A study in Sardinia(Italy)[J].Homo,2012,63(1):67-75.
[19]Vernot B,Akey JM.Complex History of Admixture between Modern Humans and Neandertals[J].Am J Hum Genet,2015,96(3):448-453.
[2]朱钦,郑连斌,金寅淳,等.现在の内蒙古哲里木地域の形态特征とその960年间の动向[J].人类学の科学,1998,106:143-151.(in Japanese)
[3]LQ,Yuan Sh H,Dai SE,et,al.Studyon physical characters of Mongol adults in Chifeng area of Innner Mongolia[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1998,17(1):32-44.(in Chinese)吕泉,袁生华,代素娥,等.内蒙古赤峰地区蒙古族成人体质特征的研究[J].人类学学报,1998,17(1):32-44.
[4]Qi LZh,Wang ShX,Zhu Q,et al.Physique stuatus of Mongols in Xilinggol league in Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Academiae Medicinae Neimongol,2001,23(3):141-146.(in Chinese)齐连枝,王树勋,朱钦,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟蒙古族体质现状[J].内蒙古医学院学报,2001,23(3):141-146
[5]Li YL,Zheng LB,Lu ShH,et al.Physical characteristics of the Buriats in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(4):357-367.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.中国布里亚特人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(4):357-367.
[6]Li YL,Zheng LB,Wang Q.Head-face anthropometry of Ordos Mongolian[J].Acta Anatomica Sinica,2015,46(5):684-689.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌,旺庆.鄂尔多斯蒙古族头面部的人体测量学[J].解剖学报,2015,46(5):684-689.
[7]Li YL,Zheng LB.A study on the physical characteristics of Barags in China[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2016,35(3):431-444.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌.中国巴尔虎人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2016,35(3):431-444.
[8]Ai QH,Zhao JX,Xiao H,et al.Anthropometric study of Mongols in Xinjiang[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1994,13(1):46-55.(in Chinese)艾琼华,赵建新,肖辉,等.新疆蒙古族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):46-55.
[9]Wang JL,Shao XZh,Cui J.Anthropological survey on the Mongolian Tuerhute tribe in Heshuo county,Xinjiang Uighur autonomous region[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,1993(2):43-52.(in Chinese)王静兰,邵兴周,崔静.新疆蒙古族土尔扈特部体质特征调查[J].人类学学报,1993(2):43-52.
[10]Zheng LB,Lu ShH,Ding B,et al.A study of the physical characteristics of the Yunnan Mongol People[J].Acta Anthropologica Sinica,2011,30(1):74-85.(in Chinese)郑连斌,陆舜华,丁博,等.云南蒙古族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(1):74-85.
[11]Chen MD,Yu DZh,Yu B,et al.Practical Physique[M].Beijing:Publishing house of Peking Union Medical College and China Medical University,1993:45-59.(in Chinese)陈明达,于道中,于葆,等.实用体质学[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993:45-59.
[12]Li YL,Zheng LB,Yu KL,et al.Variation of head and facial morphological characteristics with increased age of Han in Southern China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(4-5):517-524.(in Chinese)李咏兰,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.中国南方汉族人的头面部形特征的年龄变化[J].科学通报,2013,58(4-5):517-524.
[13]Zheng LB,Li YL,Xi HJ.Physical Anthropometric Study of Han Nationality in China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2017:37-38.(in Chinese)郑连斌,李咏兰,席焕久.中国汉族体质人类学研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2017:37-38.
[14]Xi HJ,Chen Zh.Anthropometric Methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:145-156.(in Chinese)席焕久,陈昭.人体测量方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:145-156.
[15]Lin HM,Du ZF.Some problems in comprehensive evaluation in the principal component analysis[J].Statistical Research,2013,30(8):25-31.(in Chinese)林海明,杜子芳.主成分分析综合评价应该注意的问题[J].统计研究,2013,30(8):25-31.
[16]Luojinsky YY,Levin MG.Anthropology[M].Beijing:Police Education Press,1993:525-528.雅·雅·罗金斯基,马·格·列文(王培英,汪连兴,史庆礼译).人类学[M].北京:警官教育出版社,1993:525-528.
[17]Chen YL.National Dictionary[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House,1987:188-202.(in Chinese)陈永龄.民族词典[M].上海:上海辞书出版社,1987:188-202.
[18]Sanna E,Palmas L,Soro MR.Growth charts of head length and breadth for regional areas?A study in Sardinia(Italy)[J].Homo,2012,63(1):67-75.
[19]Vernot B,Akey JM.Complex History of Admixture between Modern Humans and Neandertals[J].Am J Hum Genet,2015,96(3):448-453.