多段式组合变刚度悬架螺旋弹簧设计与研究
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摘要
针对某特种车辆悬架不同工况载荷特点,设计1种变刚度悬架螺旋弹簧。基于弹簧串联和并圈理论,提出多段式组合变刚度悬架螺旋弹簧设计方法,取各段弹簧丝径、工作圈数和弹簧内径为设计变量,以弹簧装配尺寸、变形量、总工作圈数、疲劳强度为约束条件,建立以弹簧质量最小为优化目标的数学模型,利用多变量优化设计方法,求解各段弹簧结构参数。结合仿真分析,能够满足最大变形量、最大剪切应力和疲劳寿命的要求,结果表明设计参数合理,方法可行。所提出的弹簧参数优化算法及弹簧设计方法为变刚度弹簧设计提供理论依据。
According to the load characteristics of a particular vehicle suspension under different working conditions,a variable stiffness suspension spiral spring is designed. Based on spring series theory and combined circle theory,a design method of multi-section combined variable stiffness suspension coil springs is proposed. The spring wire diameter,number of working turns,and spring inner diameter of each section are taken as design variables. The dimensions of the spring assembly,the amount of deformation,and the total number of working cycles The fatigue strength is the constraint condition. A mathematical model is established to minimize the mass of the spring. The multivariable optimization design method is used to solve the structural parameters of each section of the spring.Combined with simulation analysis,it can meet the requirements of maximum deformation,maximum shear stress and fatigue life. The results show that the design parameters are reasonable and the method is feasible. The proposed spring parameter optimization algorithm and spring design method provide theoretical basis for variable stiffness spring design.
According to the load characteristics of a particular vehicle suspension under different working conditions,a variable stiffness suspension spiral spring is designed. Based on spring series theory and combined circle theory,a design method of multi-section combined variable stiffness suspension coil springs is proposed. The spring wire diameter,number of working turns,and spring inner diameter of each section are taken as design variables. The dimensions of the spring assembly,the amount of deformation,and the total number of working cycles The fatigue strength is the constraint condition. A mathematical model is established to minimize the mass of the spring. The multivariable optimization design method is used to solve the structural parameters of each section of the spring.Combined with simulation analysis,it can meet the requirements of maximum deformation,maximum shear stress and fatigue life. The results show that the design parameters are reasonable and the method is feasible. The proposed spring parameter optimization algorithm and spring design method provide theoretical basis for variable stiffness spring design.
引文
[1]黄美发,黎孟珠.汽车悬架弹簧多级减振刚度的应用性能分析[J].机械设计与制造,2012(1):51-53.
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[3]王红,陈德强,刘万选,等.铁路车辆变刚度圆柱螺旋弹簧组参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造,2015(1):224-226.
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[7]朱勋,吕坤勇,宋成利,等.基于ABAQUS分析圆柱螺旋弹簧几何参数对弹簧刚度的影响[J].机械设计与研究,2015,31(4):95-98.
[8] TAKTAK M,OMHENI K,ALOUI A.Dynamic optimization design of a cylindrical helical spring.[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,77(3):178-183.
[9]赵和平,黄宏成,习纲,等.非线性弹簧汽车悬架动态特性研究[J].机械强度,2001(2):165-167.
[10] PAVANI P N L,PRAFULLA B K,RAO R P.Design,modeling and structural analysis of wave springs.[J]. Procedia Materials Science,2014(6):988-995.
[11] HAMANO T,NAKAMURA T,ENOMOTO H,et al. Development of l-shape coil spring to reduce a friction on the mcpherson strut suspension system[C]//SAE.2001 World Congress.
[12]郑松林,徐骏,高大威,等.车用变刚度螺旋弹簧最佳刚度特性曲线拟合与验证[J].现代制造工程,2015(12):6-11.
[13]张兴宇,黄妙华.变丝径等内径压缩螺旋弹簧的参数化3维绘制程序设计[J].汽车科技,2008(1):33-35.
[14]李源,李明,袁杰红.某型圆柱螺旋弹簧设计与疲劳寿命分析[J].计算机辅助工程,2013,22(S1):303-306.
[15]张英会.弹簧手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[2]冯金芝,李原,郑松林,等.一种三段式悬架变刚度螺旋弹簧设计研究[J].机械设计与制造,2016(9):201-204.
[3]王红,陈德强,刘万选,等.铁路车辆变刚度圆柱螺旋弹簧组参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造,2015(1):224-226.
[4]祁宏钟,雷雨成,冯晋祥.变刚度螺旋弹簧的设计方法和精确建模初探[J].中国机械工程,2002(13):26-28.
[5]时培成,龚建成.汽车悬架变刚度螺旋弹簧最优化设计[J].现代制造工程,2006(11):112-114.
[6]雷镭,左曙光,杨宪武,等.汽车悬架中凸形螺旋弹簧刚度计算与试验研究[J].机械设计,2011,28(5):15-18.
[7]朱勋,吕坤勇,宋成利,等.基于ABAQUS分析圆柱螺旋弹簧几何参数对弹簧刚度的影响[J].机械设计与研究,2015,31(4):95-98.
[8] TAKTAK M,OMHENI K,ALOUI A.Dynamic optimization design of a cylindrical helical spring.[J].Applied Acoustics,2014,77(3):178-183.
[9]赵和平,黄宏成,习纲,等.非线性弹簧汽车悬架动态特性研究[J].机械强度,2001(2):165-167.
[10] PAVANI P N L,PRAFULLA B K,RAO R P.Design,modeling and structural analysis of wave springs.[J]. Procedia Materials Science,2014(6):988-995.
[11] HAMANO T,NAKAMURA T,ENOMOTO H,et al. Development of l-shape coil spring to reduce a friction on the mcpherson strut suspension system[C]//SAE.2001 World Congress.
[12]郑松林,徐骏,高大威,等.车用变刚度螺旋弹簧最佳刚度特性曲线拟合与验证[J].现代制造工程,2015(12):6-11.
[13]张兴宇,黄妙华.变丝径等内径压缩螺旋弹簧的参数化3维绘制程序设计[J].汽车科技,2008(1):33-35.
[14]李源,李明,袁杰红.某型圆柱螺旋弹簧设计与疲劳寿命分析[J].计算机辅助工程,2013,22(S1):303-306.
[15]张英会.弹簧手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.