裂缝-孔洞型储集层注氮气辅助重力泄油实验
|
摘要
通过设计、制作裂缝-孔洞型储集层可视化实验模型,开展了该类储集层注氮气辅助重力泄油实验,分析了注采方式、注气速度、注采井型及驱替方向(垂向、平面)对开发动态、剩余油分布的影响。研究表明,裂缝-孔洞储集层注氮气辅助重力泄油,注采井间波及范围取决于生产井与储集层的沟通位置,局部驱油效率决定于裂缝-孔洞配置关系;均质裂缝储集层采收率高,裂缝开度越大采收率越高;受低连通度和重力分异共同影响,裂缝下部盲端孔缝、孔洞下部、低开度-低角度裂缝是剩余油分布的主要区域,受注采井与储集层沟通关系的影响,在未井控的储集层下部易形成剩余油富集区;注气速度越高、裂缝非均质性越强,生产井气窜越早、最终采收率越低;水平井注采开发效果最好,无底水时可以考虑水平井注采;裂缝-孔洞型储集层注气开发在构造低部位优先布生产井,构造较高部位生产井气窜及时关井可以提高注入气利用率。
Visual models of fractured-vuggy reservoirs were designed and manufactured to conduct experiments of nitrogen assisted gravity drainage(NAGD). The impacts of flooding pattern, gas injection rate, well type, and displacement direction(vertical or horizontal)on development performances and remaining oil distribution were studied. The results show that during NAGD, the sweep scope is decided by the connections between producer and reservoir, and the local sweep efficiency is decided by fracture-vuggy configuration.The homogenous fractured reservoir has higher oil recovery, and the bigger the aperture of fracture is, the higher the recovery. The main regions of remaining oil due to poor connectivity and gas-oil gravity difference include blind fractures and vugs below the connected fractures, the bottom of vugs, and the narrow and low-angle fractures. The accumulation of remaining oil in the bottom of reservoir is easily formed and controlled by the connections between producers and reservoir. The higher the gas injection rate and the stronger the fracture heterogeneity, the earlier the gas channeling and the lower the oil recovery of the producer will be. Horizontal wells have the best development effect, so horizontal well can be applied in fractured-vuggy reservoirs without bottom water. Producers should be preferentially drilled at low structural position. Gas channeling firstly occurs in the producer at high structural position, and it should be shut in timely to improve the utilization of injected gas.
Visual models of fractured-vuggy reservoirs were designed and manufactured to conduct experiments of nitrogen assisted gravity drainage(NAGD). The impacts of flooding pattern, gas injection rate, well type, and displacement direction(vertical or horizontal)on development performances and remaining oil distribution were studied. The results show that during NAGD, the sweep scope is decided by the connections between producer and reservoir, and the local sweep efficiency is decided by fracture-vuggy configuration.The homogenous fractured reservoir has higher oil recovery, and the bigger the aperture of fracture is, the higher the recovery. The main regions of remaining oil due to poor connectivity and gas-oil gravity difference include blind fractures and vugs below the connected fractures, the bottom of vugs, and the narrow and low-angle fractures. The accumulation of remaining oil in the bottom of reservoir is easily formed and controlled by the connections between producers and reservoir. The higher the gas injection rate and the stronger the fracture heterogeneity, the earlier the gas channeling and the lower the oil recovery of the producer will be. Horizontal wells have the best development effect, so horizontal well can be applied in fractured-vuggy reservoirs without bottom water. Producers should be preferentially drilled at low structural position. Gas channeling firstly occurs in the producer at high structural position, and it should be shut in timely to improve the utilization of injected gas.
引文
[1]李阳,侯加根,李永强.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体特征及分类分级地质建模[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):600-606.LI Yang,HOU Jiagen,LI Yongqiang.Features and hierarchical modeling of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):600-606.
[2]周东红,明君,赵春明,等.利用测井资料识别变质岩潜山孔洞缝储层[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,38(3):277-283.ZHOU Donghong,MING Jun,ZHAO Chunming,et al.Identification of the porous-cave-fractured reservoir in metamorphic rocks by logging analysis[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2011,38(3):277-283.
[3]温雅茹,杨少春,汪勇.火山岩储集空间组合及储油模式:以准西车排子地区石炭系为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):582-590.WEN Yaru,YANG Shaochun,WANG Yong.Combination of volcanic reservoir spaces and hydrocarbon storage modes:A case study on the carboniferous system in Chepaizi area,west of Junggar basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):582-590.
[4]杨志冬.准噶尔盆地红山嘴油田红153井区二叠系夏子街组砂砾岩储层特征及影响因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1829-1838.YANG Zhidong.Reservoir characteristics and influencing factors of the Permain Xiazijie formation sand and gravel reservoir in Red 153area of the Hongshanzui Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(12):1829-1838.
[5]周阳,秦军,华美瑞,等.特低渗透砂质砾岩储层裂缝识别及预测研究:以准噶尔盆地西北缘红153井区为例[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(4):114-122.ZHOU Yang,QIN Jun,HUA Meirui,et al.Fracture identification and prediction of sandy conglomerate reservoirs with ultra-low permeability:A case study of well Hong 153 on the northwest margin of Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(4):114-122.
[6]CUI J D,ZHANG J Z,ZHANG H Y.Features of the carboniferous volcanic rocks fracture reservoirs in Hongshanzui Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2013,24(6):997-1007.
[7]门相勇,赵文智,胡素云,等.准噶尔盆地腹部二叠系、三叠系储集层特征及烃类侵位对深部储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):208-211.MEN Xiangyong,ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Suyun,et al.Characteristics of deep-buried frag mental reservoirs in central Junggar Basin and the effect of hydrocarbon emplacement on reservoirs’diagenetic mineral evolution[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(2):208-211.
[8]余振宝,宋乃忠.沸石加工与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:32-38.YU Zhenbao,SONG Naizhong.Processing and application of zeolite[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005:32-38.
[9]KALLO D.Applications of natural zeolites in water and wastewater treatment[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2001,45(1):519-550.
[10]余存.安塞油田长10油藏渗流规律研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.YU Cun.Study on seepage rules of Chang 10 reservoir in Ansai oilfield[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2012.
[11]韩海水,马德胜,李实,等.全直径砾岩长岩心水驱后烟道气驱油与埋存实验[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(5):847-852.HAN Haishui,MA Desheng,LI Shi,et al.Investigation of flue gas displacement and storage after the water flooding in full diameter conglomerate long core[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(5):847-852.
[2]周东红,明君,赵春明,等.利用测井资料识别变质岩潜山孔洞缝储层[J].成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2011,38(3):277-283.ZHOU Donghong,MING Jun,ZHAO Chunming,et al.Identification of the porous-cave-fractured reservoir in metamorphic rocks by logging analysis[J].Journal of Chengdu University of Technology(Science&Technology Edition),2011,38(3):277-283.
[3]温雅茹,杨少春,汪勇.火山岩储集空间组合及储油模式:以准西车排子地区石炭系为例[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(3):582-590.WEN Yaru,YANG Shaochun,WANG Yong.Combination of volcanic reservoir spaces and hydrocarbon storage modes:A case study on the carboniferous system in Chepaizi area,west of Junggar basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(3):582-590.
[4]杨志冬.准噶尔盆地红山嘴油田红153井区二叠系夏子街组砂砾岩储层特征及影响因素[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(12):1829-1838.YANG Zhidong.Reservoir characteristics and influencing factors of the Permain Xiazijie formation sand and gravel reservoir in Red 153area of the Hongshanzui Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(12):1829-1838.
[5]周阳,秦军,华美瑞,等.特低渗透砂质砾岩储层裂缝识别及预测研究:以准噶尔盆地西北缘红153井区为例[J].中国石油勘探,2018,23(4):114-122.ZHOU Yang,QIN Jun,HUA Meirui,et al.Fracture identification and prediction of sandy conglomerate reservoirs with ultra-low permeability:A case study of well Hong 153 on the northwest margin of Junggar Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2018,23(4):114-122.
[6]CUI J D,ZHANG J Z,ZHANG H Y.Features of the carboniferous volcanic rocks fracture reservoirs in Hongshanzui Oilfield,Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Earth Science,2013,24(6):997-1007.
[7]门相勇,赵文智,胡素云,等.准噶尔盆地腹部二叠系、三叠系储集层特征及烃类侵位对深部储集层物性的影响[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(2):208-211.MEN Xiangyong,ZHAO Wenzhi,HU Suyun,et al.Characteristics of deep-buried frag mental reservoirs in central Junggar Basin and the effect of hydrocarbon emplacement on reservoirs’diagenetic mineral evolution[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(2):208-211.
[8]余振宝,宋乃忠.沸石加工与应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:32-38.YU Zhenbao,SONG Naizhong.Processing and application of zeolite[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005:32-38.
[9]KALLO D.Applications of natural zeolites in water and wastewater treatment[J].Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry,2001,45(1):519-550.
[10]余存.安塞油田长10油藏渗流规律研究[D].西安:西北大学,2012.YU Cun.Study on seepage rules of Chang 10 reservoir in Ansai oilfield[D].Xi’an:Northwest University,2012.
[11]韩海水,马德胜,李实,等.全直径砾岩长岩心水驱后烟道气驱油与埋存实验[J].石油勘探与开发,2018,45(5):847-852.HAN Haishui,MA Desheng,LI Shi,et al.Investigation of flue gas displacement and storage after the water flooding in full diameter conglomerate long core[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2018,45(5):847-852.