海洋重要水文参数的卫星遥感反演研究综述
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摘要
经过近50年的发展,海洋卫星遥感日益成熟,各种反演算法和数据集应运而生,大大推动了海洋水文过程的研究。围绕与海洋水文相关的重要物理参数,简要回顾了海面高度、海水深度、海表洋流及海水质量变化的卫星遥感反演基本原理、主要算法以及存在的难点和前沿性研究问题,介绍了应用遥感反演算法制成的全球海洋水文参数主要数据集,并结合目前存在的问题探讨了卫星遥感反演海洋水文参数的发展趋势及所面临的挑战。研究发现,运用多卫星、多通道、多模式的联合反演方法可以显著地提升人们监测海洋水文参数时空动态变化的能力,必将成为未来全球海洋水文遥感的主要研究方向之一。
The ocean,which covers 71 percent of the Earth's surface,is a fundamental component of the global water cycle. Accurately monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of ocean hydro-physical parameters is important for comprehensive understanding of the global water cycle and the effective management of ocean water resources. Ocean remote sensing is a new and advanced space-based technique for estimating spatio-temporally distributed hydrophysical parameters. With five-decades of aerospace satellite sensors development,remote sensing approaches to retrieving ocean hydro-physical parameters appear mature. This paper briefly describes the principles of and retrieval algorithms for the main ocean hydro-physical parameters of Sea Surface Height( SSH),Sea Depth( SD),Sea Surface Current( SSC) and Water Volume Variation( WVV) using optical,passive-microwave and active-microwave remote sensing or combinations thereof. For each ocean hydro-physical parameter,the deficiencies of a single satellite sensor algorithm can be alleviated with the combined use of multi-sensors. Additionally,with the improvement of retrieval techniques,several regional and global hydro-physical parameter datasets have been generated. Hence,this paper also briefly describes the main datasets and their applications. Furthermore,to improve the retrieval accuracy of each hydro-physical parameter,the combination of observations from different sensors is a promising approach. As a result of international efforts,several new satellites are also scheduled to be launched into space,for example,the joint CNES-NASA satellite project SWOT( launch date in 2020) and China's second space lab,Tiangong-2( launch date in 2016). These satellites will greatly improve our ability to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of ocean hydrophysical parameters.
The ocean,which covers 71 percent of the Earth's surface,is a fundamental component of the global water cycle. Accurately monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of ocean hydro-physical parameters is important for comprehensive understanding of the global water cycle and the effective management of ocean water resources. Ocean remote sensing is a new and advanced space-based technique for estimating spatio-temporally distributed hydrophysical parameters. With five-decades of aerospace satellite sensors development,remote sensing approaches to retrieving ocean hydro-physical parameters appear mature. This paper briefly describes the principles of and retrieval algorithms for the main ocean hydro-physical parameters of Sea Surface Height( SSH),Sea Depth( SD),Sea Surface Current( SSC) and Water Volume Variation( WVV) using optical,passive-microwave and active-microwave remote sensing or combinations thereof. For each ocean hydro-physical parameter,the deficiencies of a single satellite sensor algorithm can be alleviated with the combined use of multi-sensors. Additionally,with the improvement of retrieval techniques,several regional and global hydro-physical parameter datasets have been generated. Hence,this paper also briefly describes the main datasets and their applications. Furthermore,to improve the retrieval accuracy of each hydro-physical parameter,the combination of observations from different sensors is a promising approach. As a result of international efforts,several new satellites are also scheduled to be launched into space,for example,the joint CNES-NASA satellite project SWOT( launch date in 2020) and China's second space lab,Tiangong-2( launch date in 2016). These satellites will greatly improve our ability to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of ocean hydrophysical parameters.
引文
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