重金属污染区农户休耕意愿的影响因素及其差异性分析——基于湖南省243个农户的问卷调查
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摘要
理论分析农户休耕行为及其意愿决策机理的基础上,构建Probit模型,采用重金属污染区湖南省长沙市和株洲市部分休耕试点农户入户调研的243个样本,实证分析农户休耕意愿的影响因素及其差异性。研究表明:1)被调查者的年龄、耕地离家距离、耕地等级和对休耕政策认同程度对农户休耕意愿具有显著的正向影响;家庭劳动力人数占总人数比例、休耕前农业收入占总收入比例和休耕补偿期望偏差对农户休耕意愿具有显著的负向影响;2)不同年龄段、不同家庭劳动力占比、不同耕地离家距离和不同休耕政策认同程度限定下,影响农户休耕意愿的因素具有差异性。其中,对休耕政策认同限定下女性农户的休耕意愿比男性农户低,且农户年龄越大越愿意休耕;家庭劳动力人数占总人数比例在50%及以下的农户受教育程度与休耕意愿呈现正向影响;农户家庭特征和对休耕政策的认知是在大多数限定条件下影响农户休耕意愿的重要因素。重金属污染区农户休耕意愿的影响因素及其差异性分析结论将为制定政策调动农户休耕积极性和完善耕地休耕制度提供决策参考。
Based on the theoretical analysis of farmer's fallowing behavior and the decision-making mechanism,243 samples of households are analyzed for the features and differences between FFF by the Probit model.The fallowing cultivation pilots in Changsha and Zhuzhou,Hunan Province is surveyed,where the land is contaminated by heavy metal.The results show that:1)The farmer's fallowing willingness is positively influenced by the age of the respondents,the distance of the arable land,the level of the cultivated land and the degree of recognition of the fallowing policy.However,it is negatively impacted by the proportion of the family labor force to the total number of people,the agricultural income before fallowing to the total income and the expected deviation of fallow compensation;2)The factors that affect farmer's fallowing willingness differ due to the various age groups,the proportion of different family labor force,the distance of farmland to home and the degree of fallow of the different fallow policies.Among them,the fallowing willingness of female farmer households is lower than that of male farmer households.Meanwhile,the older the farmer households are,the more willing they are to fallow.Famers,whose labor force accounts for over50%in the household,are willing to fallow.The characteristics of farmers and their knowledge of the policies are important factors to FFF under the limited conditions.The influencing factors and differences in farmer's fallowing willingness in heavy metal-contaminated areas will provide decision-making reference for formulating policies to mobilizethe farmer's fallowing enthusiasm and improve the arable land fallowing system.
Based on the theoretical analysis of farmer's fallowing behavior and the decision-making mechanism,243 samples of households are analyzed for the features and differences between FFF by the Probit model.The fallowing cultivation pilots in Changsha and Zhuzhou,Hunan Province is surveyed,where the land is contaminated by heavy metal.The results show that:1)The farmer's fallowing willingness is positively influenced by the age of the respondents,the distance of the arable land,the level of the cultivated land and the degree of recognition of the fallowing policy.However,it is negatively impacted by the proportion of the family labor force to the total number of people,the agricultural income before fallowing to the total income and the expected deviation of fallow compensation;2)The factors that affect farmer's fallowing willingness differ due to the various age groups,the proportion of different family labor force,the distance of farmland to home and the degree of fallow of the different fallow policies.Among them,the fallowing willingness of female farmer households is lower than that of male farmer households.Meanwhile,the older the farmer households are,the more willing they are to fallow.Famers,whose labor force accounts for over50%in the household,are willing to fallow.The characteristics of farmers and their knowledge of the policies are important factors to FFF under the limited conditions.The influencing factors and differences in farmer's fallowing willingness in heavy metal-contaminated areas will provide decision-making reference for formulating policies to mobilizethe farmer's fallowing enthusiasm and improve the arable land fallowing system.
引文
[1]卓乐,曾福生.发达国家及中国台湾地区休耕制度对中国大陆实施休耕制度的启示[J].世界农业.2016,22(9):80-85Zhuo L,Zeng F S. Enlightenment offallow system implemented by the developed countries and Taiwan Province to China[J].World Agricutural,2016,22(9):80-85(in Chinese)
[2]江娟丽,杨庆媛,阎建忠.耕地休耕的研究进展与现实借鉴[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(1):165-171Jiang J L,Yang Q Y,Yan J Z.Research progress and realistic role for referen in farmland fallowing[J].Journal of Southwest University:Naturalscience Edition,2017,39(1):165-171(in Chinese)
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[4] Pettit C A.The 2008 farm bill:Analysis of tax-related conservation reserve program propasals[R].Washington:CRS Report for Congress,2008
[5]饶静.发达国家“耕地休养”综述及对中国的启示[J].农业技术经济,2016,35(9):118-12Rao J.A summary of“farmland fallow”in developed countries and its enlightenment to China[J].Agricultural Technology Economy,2016,35(9):118-128(in Chinese)
[6] Siebert R,Berger G,Lorenz J,Pfeffer H.Assessing German farmers'attitudes regarding nature conservation set-aside in regions dominated by arable farming[J].Journal for Nature Conservation,2010,18(4):327-337.
[7]崔和瑞,孟祥书.基于休耕轮作的人与自然和谐的农村生态环境的构建[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(12):502-502Cui H R,Meng X S.The construction of village ecological environment with person and the nature harmonious based on the crop rotation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(12):502-502(in Chinese)
[8]牛纪华,李松梧.农田休耕的必要性及实施构想[J].农业环境与发展,2009,26(2):27-28Niu J H,Li S W.The necessity of farmland fallowing and its implementation[J].Agro-Environment&Development,2009,26(2):27-28(in chinese)
[9]张慧芳,吴宇哲,何良将.我国推行休耕制度的探讨[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(1):166-170Zhang H F,Wu Y Z,He L J.Discussion on implementation of fallow system in China[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2013,25(1):166-170(in chinese)
[10]邓琳璐,王继红,刘景双,石峰,孔凡建.休耕轮作对黑土酸化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):184-188Deng L L,Wang J H,Liu J S,Shi F,Kong F J.Influnce of fallow rotation on the black soil acidification[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):184-188(in chinese)
[11]寻舸,宋彦科,程星月.轮作休耕对我国粮食安全的影响及对策[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):681-687Xun G,Song Y K,Cheng X Y.Impacts of the land fallow and crop rotation practice on grain security in China and solutions[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(4):681-687(in chinese)
[12]朱文清.美国休耕保护项目问题研究[J].林业经济,2009,31(12):80-83Zhu W Q.The analysis of conservation reserve program of the United States of America[J].Forestry Economics,2009,31(12):80-83(in Chinese)
[13]刘沛源,郑晓冬,李姣媛,方向明.国外及中国台湾地区的休耕补贴政策[J].世界农业,2016,38(6):149-153Liu P Y,Zheng X D,Li J Y,Fang X M.The subsidy policy in abroad and Chinese Taiwan[J].World Agriculture,2016,38(6):149-153(in chinese)
[14]杨庆媛,信桂新,江娟丽,陈展图.欧美及东亚地区耕地轮作休耕制度实践:对比与启示[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(4):71-79Yang Q Y,Xin G X,Jiang J L,Chen Z T.The comparison and implications of crop rotation and fallow in the western countries and East Asia[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(4):71-79(in chinese)
[15]李争,杨俊.鄱阳湖粮食产区农户休耕意愿及影响因素研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(22):162-167Li Z,Yang J.Fallow willingness of rural households in Poyang lake main grain-producing areas and influencing factors[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,42(22):162-167(in Chinese)
[16]谢花林,程玲娟.地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的影响因素及其生态补偿标准研究:以河北衡水为例[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2010-2022Xie H L,Cheng L J.Influence factors and ecological compensation standard of winter wheat-fallow in the ground water funnel area:A case study of Hengshui,Hebei Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(12):2010-2022(in Chinese)
[17]龙玉琴,王成,邓春,王钟书,刘素花,程思.地下水漏斗区不同类型农户耕地休耕意愿及其影响因素:基于邢台市598户农户调查[J].资源科学,2017,39(10):1834-1843Long Y Q,Wang C,Deng C,Wang Z S,Liu S H,Cheng S.Fallow willingness of farmland of different types of peasant household sand influencing factors in the groundwater funnel area in Xingtai City[J].Resources Science,2017,39(10):1834-1843(in Chinese)
[18]胡菲菲.湖南土壤重金属污染及修复技术探究[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(1):31-33Hu F F.The research of heavy metal pollution and remediation in Hunan Province[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,28(1):31-33(in Chinese)
[19] Liu Y L,Chang K T,Stoorvogel J,Verburg P,Sun C H.Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services in fallowing land based on farmers'participation and model simulation[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2012,10(4):1-10
(1)数据来源:2016年《中国统计年鉴》
[2]江娟丽,杨庆媛,阎建忠.耕地休耕的研究进展与现实借鉴[J].西南大学学报:自然科学版,2017,39(1):165-171Jiang J L,Yang Q Y,Yan J Z.Research progress and realistic role for referen in farmland fallowing[J].Journal of Southwest University:Naturalscience Edition,2017,39(1):165-171(in Chinese)
[3] Peichelderfe K,Boggrss W G.Government decision making and program performance:The case of the conservation reserve[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics,1988,70(1):1-11
[4] Pettit C A.The 2008 farm bill:Analysis of tax-related conservation reserve program propasals[R].Washington:CRS Report for Congress,2008
[5]饶静.发达国家“耕地休养”综述及对中国的启示[J].农业技术经济,2016,35(9):118-12Rao J.A summary of“farmland fallow”in developed countries and its enlightenment to China[J].Agricultural Technology Economy,2016,35(9):118-128(in Chinese)
[6] Siebert R,Berger G,Lorenz J,Pfeffer H.Assessing German farmers'attitudes regarding nature conservation set-aside in regions dominated by arable farming[J].Journal for Nature Conservation,2010,18(4):327-337.
[7]崔和瑞,孟祥书.基于休耕轮作的人与自然和谐的农村生态环境的构建[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(12):502-502Cui H R,Meng X S.The construction of village ecological environment with person and the nature harmonious based on the crop rotation[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(12):502-502(in Chinese)
[8]牛纪华,李松梧.农田休耕的必要性及实施构想[J].农业环境与发展,2009,26(2):27-28Niu J H,Li S W.The necessity of farmland fallowing and its implementation[J].Agro-Environment&Development,2009,26(2):27-28(in chinese)
[9]张慧芳,吴宇哲,何良将.我国推行休耕制度的探讨[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(1):166-170Zhang H F,Wu Y Z,He L J.Discussion on implementation of fallow system in China[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2013,25(1):166-170(in chinese)
[10]邓琳璐,王继红,刘景双,石峰,孔凡建.休耕轮作对黑土酸化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):184-188Deng L L,Wang J H,Liu J S,Shi F,Kong F J.Influnce of fallow rotation on the black soil acidification[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):184-188(in chinese)
[11]寻舸,宋彦科,程星月.轮作休耕对我国粮食安全的影响及对策[J].农业现代化研究,2017,38(4):681-687Xun G,Song Y K,Cheng X Y.Impacts of the land fallow and crop rotation practice on grain security in China and solutions[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2017,38(4):681-687(in chinese)
[12]朱文清.美国休耕保护项目问题研究[J].林业经济,2009,31(12):80-83Zhu W Q.The analysis of conservation reserve program of the United States of America[J].Forestry Economics,2009,31(12):80-83(in Chinese)
[13]刘沛源,郑晓冬,李姣媛,方向明.国外及中国台湾地区的休耕补贴政策[J].世界农业,2016,38(6):149-153Liu P Y,Zheng X D,Li J Y,Fang X M.The subsidy policy in abroad and Chinese Taiwan[J].World Agriculture,2016,38(6):149-153(in chinese)
[14]杨庆媛,信桂新,江娟丽,陈展图.欧美及东亚地区耕地轮作休耕制度实践:对比与启示[J].中国土地科学,2017,31(4):71-79Yang Q Y,Xin G X,Jiang J L,Chen Z T.The comparison and implications of crop rotation and fallow in the western countries and East Asia[J].China Land Sciences,2017,31(4):71-79(in chinese)
[15]李争,杨俊.鄱阳湖粮食产区农户休耕意愿及影响因素研究[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(22):162-167Li Z,Yang J.Fallow willingness of rural households in Poyang lake main grain-producing areas and influencing factors[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2015,42(22):162-167(in Chinese)
[16]谢花林,程玲娟.地下水漏斗区农户冬小麦休耕意愿的影响因素及其生态补偿标准研究:以河北衡水为例[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(12):2010-2022Xie H L,Cheng L J.Influence factors and ecological compensation standard of winter wheat-fallow in the ground water funnel area:A case study of Hengshui,Hebei Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2017,32(12):2010-2022(in Chinese)
[17]龙玉琴,王成,邓春,王钟书,刘素花,程思.地下水漏斗区不同类型农户耕地休耕意愿及其影响因素:基于邢台市598户农户调查[J].资源科学,2017,39(10):1834-1843Long Y Q,Wang C,Deng C,Wang Z S,Liu S H,Cheng S.Fallow willingness of farmland of different types of peasant household sand influencing factors in the groundwater funnel area in Xingtai City[J].Resources Science,2017,39(10):1834-1843(in Chinese)
[18]胡菲菲.湖南土壤重金属污染及修复技术探究[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(1):31-33Hu F F.The research of heavy metal pollution and remediation in Hunan Province[J].Rural Economy and Science-Technology,2017,28(1):31-33(in Chinese)
[19] Liu Y L,Chang K T,Stoorvogel J,Verburg P,Sun C H.Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services in fallowing land based on farmers'participation and model simulation[J].Paddy and Water Environment,2012,10(4):1-10
(1)数据来源:2016年《中国统计年鉴》