基于模拟退火的地下物流通道网络设计
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摘要
为研究网络通道在地下物流系统中的优化设计,以国内某地区物流概况为研究背景,结合国内外地下物流系统研究成果,考虑路径优化与运输成本,建立以总成本最小为优化目标的线性规划模型,并通过模拟退火算法进行优化求解,研究结果表明:基于模拟退火算法得到该地区地下物流网络通道设计全局最优解,地下物流通道及节点的建设成本为466.16亿元,货物运输成本为3.91亿元/年,按照年综合折旧率1%进行计算,地下物流网络总成本为8.57亿元/年;从物流园区运送出的货物通过地下物流通道运输的量较大,物流园区与一级节点之间的通道设计要求更高,其通道设计为双向四轨(10 t)或双向双轨(10 t),其余通道设计均为双向四轨(5 t)或双向双轨(5 t);所有物流园区对各需求点的总货运量表现出明显的波动性,各物流园区对所有需求点的总货运量偏差不大,对各个需求点的货运量均在一定范围内波动;各个服务节点对各个需求点的货运量各不相同,但大部分需求点的货物运输均来自于单一服务节点,且遵循就近原则,即每个物流需求点会尽可能从最近的服务节点获取物流;通过将部分货运量转至地下物流通道,各区域需求点交通拥堵系数降到4.0及以下,交通拥堵等级由轻度拥堵或中度拥堵下降到基本畅通。
To study the optimal design of network channel in underground logistics system,taking a local overall logistics as the engineering background,combining with the research results of underground logistics system at home and abroad,considering the route optimization and transport cost,a linear programming model with the minimum total cost as the optimization objective is established,and the model is solved by simulated annealing algorithm. The research result shows that:(1) the global optimal solution of underground logistics network channel design in this area is obtained based on simulated annealing algorithm. The construction cost of underground logistics channel and its nodes is 46.616 billion yuan,and the freight transport cost is 391 million yuan per year. The total cost of underground logistics network is 857 million yuan per year according to the annual comprehensive depreciation rate of 1%.(2) Because of the large quantity of goods delivered from the logistics park and transported by the underground logistics channel,the demand of the channel design between the first level nodes and the logistics park will be higher. Its channel design is 2-way 4-track(10 t) or 2-way 2-track(10 t),and another channel designs are 2-way 4-track(5 t) or 2-way 2-track(5 t).(3) All the logistics parks show significant fluctuations in total freight volume at each demand point. There is a little deviation among the total freight volumes of all demand points in different logistics parks,and the freight volume of each demand point fluctuates in a certain range.(4) The freight volume of each service node to each demand point is different,but the freights transported from most demand points come from a single service node,and follows the principle of proximity,that is,each logistics demand point will obtain logistics from the service node as near as possible.(5) Transferring part of the freight volume with underground logistics channel,the traffic jam coefficient of each regional demand point is reduced to 4 and less,the level of traffic jam is reduced from mild jam or moderate jam to basic unblocked.
To study the optimal design of network channel in underground logistics system,taking a local overall logistics as the engineering background,combining with the research results of underground logistics system at home and abroad,considering the route optimization and transport cost,a linear programming model with the minimum total cost as the optimization objective is established,and the model is solved by simulated annealing algorithm. The research result shows that:(1) the global optimal solution of underground logistics network channel design in this area is obtained based on simulated annealing algorithm. The construction cost of underground logistics channel and its nodes is 46.616 billion yuan,and the freight transport cost is 391 million yuan per year. The total cost of underground logistics network is 857 million yuan per year according to the annual comprehensive depreciation rate of 1%.(2) Because of the large quantity of goods delivered from the logistics park and transported by the underground logistics channel,the demand of the channel design between the first level nodes and the logistics park will be higher. Its channel design is 2-way 4-track(10 t) or 2-way 2-track(10 t),and another channel designs are 2-way 4-track(5 t) or 2-way 2-track(5 t).(3) All the logistics parks show significant fluctuations in total freight volume at each demand point. There is a little deviation among the total freight volumes of all demand points in different logistics parks,and the freight volume of each demand point fluctuates in a certain range.(4) The freight volume of each service node to each demand point is different,but the freights transported from most demand points come from a single service node,and follows the principle of proximity,that is,each logistics demand point will obtain logistics from the service node as near as possible.(5) Transferring part of the freight volume with underground logistics channel,the traffic jam coefficient of each regional demand point is reduced to 4 and less,the level of traffic jam is reduced from mild jam or moderate jam to basic unblocked.
引文
[1] 李鹏,朱合华,王璇,等.地下物流系统对城市可持续发展的作用探讨[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(1):1-4.LI Peng,ZHU He-hua,WANG Xuan,et al.Underground Logistics System:Towards the Sustainable Development of the City [J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(1):1-4.
[2] LIU H,崔建强,林冬,等.纽约市地下物流可行性研究及对世界其他主要城市的启示[J].现代交通技术.2008,5(4):86-92.LIU H,CUI Jian-qiang,LIN Dong,et al.Feasibility of Underground Freight Transport in New York City and Lessons Learned and Implications to Other Major Cities in the World[J].Modern Transportation Technology,2008,5(4):86-92.
[3] CHEN Z L,DONG J M,REN R.Urban Underground Logistics System in China:Opportunities or Challenges[J].Underground Space,2017,2(3):195-208.
[4] ZEVGOLIS I E,MAVRIKOS A A,KALIAMPAKOS D C.Construction,Storage Capacity and Economics of an Underground Warehousing:Logistics Center in Athens,Greece[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(2):165-173.
[5] 莫海熙,郜振华,陈森发.基于AHP和目标规划的物流配送中心选址模型[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(5):150-153.MO Hai-xi,GAO Zhen-hua,CHEN Sen-fa.Location Model of Distribution Center Besed on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Goal Programming[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(5):150-153.
[6] 钱七虎,郭东军.城市地下物流系统导论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.QIAN Qi-hu,GUO Dong-jun.Introduction to Urban Underground Logistics System[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007.
[7] 马祖军.城市地下物流系统及其设计[J].物流技术,2004(10):12-15.MA Zu-jun.Urban Underground Logistics System and Its Design[J].Logistics Technology,2004(10):12-15.
[8] 闫文涛,覃燕红.地下物流节点选址的双层规划模型及算法研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(4):870-874.YAN Wen-tao,QIN Yan-hong.Research on Bi-level Programming Model and Algorithm of Underground Logistics Node Location[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(4):870-874.
[9] 易美,周爱莲.一类城市地下物流网络规划模型研究[J].交通科学与工程,2016,32(3):93-98.YI Mei,ZHOU Ai-lian.Research on a Logistics Network Planning Model of the Urban Underground[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2016,32(3):93-98.
[10] 曾令慧,周爱莲.基于遗传算法的城市地下物流网络优化模型[J].交通科学与工程,2016,32(2):89-93.ZENG Ling-hui,ZHOU Ai-lian.Optimizing Path of Urban Underground Logistics Network Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2016,32(2):89-93.
[11] 贺政纲,邹晔,杨晓.报废汽车物流网络选址-路径问题建模与求解算法研究[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(3):138-145.HE Zheng-gang,ZOU Ye,YANG Xiao.Research of Modeling and Algorithm for ELV Logistics Network Location-routing Problem[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(3):138-145.
[12] 戢晓峰,普永明,梁斐雯,等.交通管制时限条件下城市物流配送优化双层规划模型[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(12):145-152.JI Xiao-feng,PU Yong-ming,LIANG Fei-wen,et al.Bi-level Programming Model for City Logistics Distribution Optimization under Time Restrict Condition Caused by Traffic Control[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(12):145-152.
[13] 王来军,郭捷,宣登殿,等.基于MapGIS的城市配送网络优化设计[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(8):143-149.WANG Lai-jun,GUO Jie,XUAN Deng-dian,et al.Optimization Design of City Distribution Network Based on MapGIS[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(8):143-149.
[14] 徐国峰.城市地下物流系统构架研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.XU Guo-feng.Research on Urban Underground Logistics System Framework[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.
[15] 穆树录.城市地下物流系统线路规划研究[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道大学,2015.MU Shu-lu.The Research of Route Planning of Urban Underground Logistics System[D].Shijiazhuang:Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,2015.
[16] 赵振亚,贺国先.基于模拟退火算法的应急物流仓库选址优化[J].大连交通大学学报,2010,31(3):102-106.ZHAO Zhen-ya,HE Guo-xian.Optimization of Emergency Logistic Warehouse Location Based on Simulation Annealing Algorithm[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2010,31(3):102-106.
[17] 郎茂祥.装卸混合车辆路径问题的模拟退火算法研究[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(5):41-47.LANG Mao-xiang.Study on Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls[J].Journal of Systems Engineering,2005,20(5):41-47.
[18] 查伟雄,孙敬.基于模拟退火算法的危险货物道路运输路径优化双层规划模型[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(4):101-106.ZHA Wei-xiong,SUN Jing.Bi-level Programming Model for Road Transport Route Optimization of Dangerous Goods Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(4):101-106.
[2] LIU H,崔建强,林冬,等.纽约市地下物流可行性研究及对世界其他主要城市的启示[J].现代交通技术.2008,5(4):86-92.LIU H,CUI Jian-qiang,LIN Dong,et al.Feasibility of Underground Freight Transport in New York City and Lessons Learned and Implications to Other Major Cities in the World[J].Modern Transportation Technology,2008,5(4):86-92.
[3] CHEN Z L,DONG J M,REN R.Urban Underground Logistics System in China:Opportunities or Challenges[J].Underground Space,2017,2(3):195-208.
[4] ZEVGOLIS I E,MAVRIKOS A A,KALIAMPAKOS D C.Construction,Storage Capacity and Economics of an Underground Warehousing:Logistics Center in Athens,Greece[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(2):165-173.
[5] 莫海熙,郜振华,陈森发.基于AHP和目标规划的物流配送中心选址模型[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(5):150-153.MO Hai-xi,GAO Zhen-hua,CHEN Sen-fa.Location Model of Distribution Center Besed on Analytic Hierarchy Process and Goal Programming[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(5):150-153.
[6] 钱七虎,郭东军.城市地下物流系统导论[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.QIAN Qi-hu,GUO Dong-jun.Introduction to Urban Underground Logistics System[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007.
[7] 马祖军.城市地下物流系统及其设计[J].物流技术,2004(10):12-15.MA Zu-jun.Urban Underground Logistics System and Its Design[J].Logistics Technology,2004(10):12-15.
[8] 闫文涛,覃燕红.地下物流节点选址的双层规划模型及算法研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(4):870-874.YAN Wen-tao,QIN Yan-hong.Research on Bi-level Programming Model and Algorithm of Underground Logistics Node Location[J].Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(4):870-874.
[9] 易美,周爱莲.一类城市地下物流网络规划模型研究[J].交通科学与工程,2016,32(3):93-98.YI Mei,ZHOU Ai-lian.Research on a Logistics Network Planning Model of the Urban Underground[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2016,32(3):93-98.
[10] 曾令慧,周爱莲.基于遗传算法的城市地下物流网络优化模型[J].交通科学与工程,2016,32(2):89-93.ZENG Ling-hui,ZHOU Ai-lian.Optimizing Path of Urban Underground Logistics Network Based on Genetic Algorithm[J].Journal of Transport Science and Engineering,2016,32(2):89-93.
[11] 贺政纲,邹晔,杨晓.报废汽车物流网络选址-路径问题建模与求解算法研究[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(3):138-145.HE Zheng-gang,ZOU Ye,YANG Xiao.Research of Modeling and Algorithm for ELV Logistics Network Location-routing Problem[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(3):138-145.
[12] 戢晓峰,普永明,梁斐雯,等.交通管制时限条件下城市物流配送优化双层规划模型[J].公路交通科技,2014,31(12):145-152.JI Xiao-feng,PU Yong-ming,LIANG Fei-wen,et al.Bi-level Programming Model for City Logistics Distribution Optimization under Time Restrict Condition Caused by Traffic Control[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2014,31(12):145-152.
[13] 王来军,郭捷,宣登殿,等.基于MapGIS的城市配送网络优化设计[J].公路交通科技,2015,32(8):143-149.WANG Lai-jun,GUO Jie,XUAN Deng-dian,et al.Optimization Design of City Distribution Network Based on MapGIS[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2015,32(8):143-149.
[14] 徐国峰.城市地下物流系统构架研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2012.XU Guo-feng.Research on Urban Underground Logistics System Framework[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2012.
[15] 穆树录.城市地下物流系统线路规划研究[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道大学,2015.MU Shu-lu.The Research of Route Planning of Urban Underground Logistics System[D].Shijiazhuang:Shijiazhuang Tiedao University,2015.
[16] 赵振亚,贺国先.基于模拟退火算法的应急物流仓库选址优化[J].大连交通大学学报,2010,31(3):102-106.ZHAO Zhen-ya,HE Guo-xian.Optimization of Emergency Logistic Warehouse Location Based on Simulation Annealing Algorithm[J].Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University,2010,31(3):102-106.
[17] 郎茂祥.装卸混合车辆路径问题的模拟退火算法研究[J].系统工程学报,2005,20(5):41-47.LANG Mao-xiang.Study on Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Vehicle Routing Problem with Backhauls[J].Journal of Systems Engineering,2005,20(5):41-47.
[18] 查伟雄,孙敬.基于模拟退火算法的危险货物道路运输路径优化双层规划模型[J].公路交通科技,2012,29(4):101-106.ZHA Wei-xiong,SUN Jing.Bi-level Programming Model for Road Transport Route Optimization of Dangerous Goods Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm [J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2012,29(4):101-106.