方形网纹溞2种生殖模式的转换条件
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摘要
在实验室条件下研究了种群密度、温度和光照时长诱导方形网纹溞产生两性生殖的条件.统计发现,在适宜的条件下,方形网纹溞主要繁殖方式是孤雌生殖,种群密度迅速增大.当种群处于较高的密度时(≥3/mL),两性生殖的产物——休眠卵的产量逐渐增加.种群密度为3/mL时,两性生殖的个体占种群数量的最大比例是15%;密度为6/mL时,比例是19%;密度达到9/mL时,比例上升到了24%,这显示高种群密度是促使孤雌生殖向两性生殖转换的主要因素.充足的食物、适宜的温度和光照时长等条件可以提高方形网纹溞两性生殖出现的概率,这是通过对方形网纹溞种群密度的提高而间接地改变其生殖模式的.这表明,种群内因素在方形网纹溞生殖转换的调控机制中起着重要作用.
The study of population density, temperature and photoperiod in laboratory conditions induced the development of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula to produce sexual reproduction.It is found that under the suitable conditions, the C. quadrangula are mainly propagated by parthenogenesis, and the population density increases rapidly. Experiments have found that at higher population densities(≥3/mL), the yield of dormant eggs, which are the product of sexual reproduction, increases with population density.When the population density of C. quadrangula is 3/mL, the maximum proportion of individuals in sexual reproduction is 15%. When the population density is 6/mL, the maximum proportion of individuals in sexual reproduction is 19%. When the population density of the daphnia reached 9/mL, the proportion rises to 24%, indicating that high population density is the main factor driving the transformation of parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction. Conditions such as adequate food, appropriate temperature and photoperiod can increase the probability of sexual reproduction in daphnia, which indirectly alters the reproductive pattern by increasing the population density of daphnia.The results suggest that the intra-population factor should be an important direction in the future study of the molecular mechanism of sex development and transformation of daphnia.
The study of population density, temperature and photoperiod in laboratory conditions induced the development of Ceriodaphnia quadrangula to produce sexual reproduction.It is found that under the suitable conditions, the C. quadrangula are mainly propagated by parthenogenesis, and the population density increases rapidly. Experiments have found that at higher population densities(≥3/mL), the yield of dormant eggs, which are the product of sexual reproduction, increases with population density.When the population density of C. quadrangula is 3/mL, the maximum proportion of individuals in sexual reproduction is 15%. When the population density is 6/mL, the maximum proportion of individuals in sexual reproduction is 19%. When the population density of the daphnia reached 9/mL, the proportion rises to 24%, indicating that high population density is the main factor driving the transformation of parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction. Conditions such as adequate food, appropriate temperature and photoperiod can increase the probability of sexual reproduction in daphnia, which indirectly alters the reproductive pattern by increasing the population density of daphnia.The results suggest that the intra-population factor should be an important direction in the future study of the molecular mechanism of sex development and transformation of daphnia.
引文
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[18] 翁显龙,左迪,李嘉尧,等.温度及pH对隆线溞生长和生殖的影响[J].动物学杂志,2011,46(1):1-6.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.2011.01.001.
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[20] 董聿茂.中国动物图谱:甲壳动物:第1册[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:1-114.
[21] WINSOR G L ,INNES D J .Sexual reproduction in Daphnia pulex,(Crustacea:Cladocera):observations on male mating behaviour and avoidance of inbreeding[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,47(3):441-450.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00817.x.
[22] 邓道贵,孟琼,殷四涛,等.温度和食物浓度对大型溞Daphnia magna种群动态和两性生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2008(9):4268-4276.DOI:1000-0933(2008)09-4268-09.
[23] 陆开宏.几种枝角类的卵鞍形态及表面超微结构[J].动物学报,2001,47(5):565-572.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2001.05.015.
[24] 庄德辉.生活周期毒性试验动物——方形网纹溞的生物学[J].水生生物学报,1994(3):197-207.
[25] BURNS C W.Effects of crowding and different food levels on growth and reproductive investment of Daphnia[J].Oecologia,1995,101:234-244.DOI:10.2307/4220878.
[26] CARVALHO G R,HUGHES R N.The effect of food availability,female culture-density and photoperiod on ephippia production in Daphnia magna Straus(Crustacea,Cladocera)[J].FreshwaterBiology,1983,13:37- 46.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1983.tb00655.x.
[27] HELGEN J C.Feeding rate inhibition in crowded Daphnia pulex[J].Hydrobiologia,1987,154:113-119.DOI:10.1007/BF00026835.
[28] 邓道贵,孟琼,毛开云,等.温度和种间竞争对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6351-6358.DOI:1000-0933 (2009) 12-6351-08.
[29] TATARAZAKO NORIHISA,ODA SHIGETO,WATANABE HAJIME,et al.Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia.[J] .Chemosphere,2003,53:827-33.DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00761-6.
[30] SOHWARZ S S.Life history strategies in Daphnia:a review and predictions[J].Oikos,1984,42(2):11.DOI:10.2307/3544616.
[31] 王丹丽,李明云,汪海波,等.温度对老年低额溞和蚤状溞的繁殖能力及内禀增长率(rm )的影响[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,1996,9(1):36 - 43.DOI:10.7666/d.y684268.
[32] 邓道贵,靳英,柳明,等.温度和食物浓度对老年低额溞生长与生殖的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):298 - 303.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2006.03.008.
[33] KORPELAINEN H.The efects of temperature and photoperiod on life history parameters of Daphnia magna(Crustacea:Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1986,16:615-620.
[34] STROSS R G,HILL J C.Photoperiod control of diapauses in Daphnia III Two stimulus control of long-day,short-day induction[J].Biological Bulletin,1969,137:359-374.DOI:10.2307/1540108.
[35] FERRARI D C ,HEBERT P D N .The induction of sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna:genetic differences between arctic and temperate populations[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1982,60(9):2143-2148.DOI:10.1139/z82-274.
[2] 陈宏健.CRIP在文蛤与方形网纹溞发育过程中的功能[D].保定:河北大学,2013.DOI:10.7666/d.D349870.
[3] 庄德辉.重金属对方形网纹溞的毒性研究[J].重庆环境科学,1996,18(1):47-50.
[4] 孟琼,邓道贵.枝角类休眠卵形成和萌发的研究进展[J].动物学杂志,2008,43(3):154-160.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0250-3263.2008.03.026.
[5] 刘凌云,郑光美.普通动物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2009:236-238.
[6] CARVALHO G R,HUGHES R N.The effect of food availability,female culture - density and photoperiod on ephippia production in Daphnia magna Straus(Crustacea,Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1983,13:37- 46.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1983.tb00655.x.
[7] MENG Q,DENG D G.Advances on the production and hatching of resting eggs of cladoceran[J].Chinese Journal of Zoology,2008,43(3) :154-160.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.2008.03.022.
[8] HOBAEK A,LARSSON P.Sex determination in Daphnia magna[J].Ecology,1990,71(6) :2255-2268.DOI:10.2307/1938637.
[9] KOCH ULRIKE,VON ELERT ERIC,STRAILE DIETMAR.Food quality triggers the reproductive mode in the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia (Cladocera)[J] .Oecologia,2009,159:317-24.DOI:10.1007/s00442-008-1216-6.
[10] BAN S,OHNISHI T,MORI T,et al.Is the negative effect of crowding on ingestion rate in Daphnia pulex induced physically or chemically[J].Limnology,2008,9:13-18.DOI:10.1007/s10201-007-0230-4.
[11] Lü RLINGM,ROOZEN F.Response of Daphnia to substances released from crowed congeners and conspecifics[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2003,23(8):967-978.DOI:10.1093/plankt/25.8.967.
[12] 张明凤.隆线溞[Daphnia(Ctenodaphnia)carinata]生殖和发育的研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2005.DOI:10.7666/d.y739503.
[13] 李庭古.枝角类生物学特征及人工培养技术要点[J].淮海工学院学报(自然科学版),2001(S1):6-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-6685.2001.z1.003.
[14] 郑重.甲壳动物的生殖量与环境关系Ⅰ:枝角类[J].生态学杂志,1990(05):38-43.DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.1990.0084.
[15] 孟琼,邓道贵,杜浩,等.温度和培养体积对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖影响的研究[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(06):1160-1167.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.0000.2009.61160.
[16] INNES D J ,SINGLETON D R.Variation in allocation to sexual and asexual reproduction among clones of cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia pulex (Crustacea:Cladocera)[J].Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,2000,71(4):771-787.DOI:10.1006/bijl.2000.0474.
[17] 吉聪聪,杨雪,陈宏健,等.温度与pH对方形网纹溞生长及生殖的影响[J].天津师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,35(03):105-108.DOI:1671-1114(2015)03-0105-04.
[18] 翁显龙,左迪,李嘉尧,等.温度及pH对隆线溞生长和生殖的影响[J].动物学杂志,2011,46(1):1-6.DOI:10.13859/j.cjz.2011.01.001.
[19] 蒋燮治,堵南山.中国动物志∶节肢动物门∶甲壳纲∶淡水枝角类[M].北京:科学出版社,1979.DOI:http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/10630.
[20] 董聿茂.中国动物图谱:甲壳动物:第1册[M].北京:科学出版社,1982:1-114.
[21] WINSOR G L ,INNES D J .Sexual reproduction in Daphnia pulex,(Crustacea:Cladocera):observations on male mating behaviour and avoidance of inbreeding[J].Freshwater Biology,2010,47(3):441-450.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00817.x.
[22] 邓道贵,孟琼,殷四涛,等.温度和食物浓度对大型溞Daphnia magna种群动态和两性生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2008(9):4268-4276.DOI:1000-0933(2008)09-4268-09.
[23] 陆开宏.几种枝角类的卵鞍形态及表面超微结构[J].动物学报,2001,47(5):565-572.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5507.2001.05.015.
[24] 庄德辉.生活周期毒性试验动物——方形网纹溞的生物学[J].水生生物学报,1994(3):197-207.
[25] BURNS C W.Effects of crowding and different food levels on growth and reproductive investment of Daphnia[J].Oecologia,1995,101:234-244.DOI:10.2307/4220878.
[26] CARVALHO G R,HUGHES R N.The effect of food availability,female culture-density and photoperiod on ephippia production in Daphnia magna Straus(Crustacea,Cladocera)[J].FreshwaterBiology,1983,13:37- 46.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2427.1983.tb00655.x.
[27] HELGEN J C.Feeding rate inhibition in crowded Daphnia pulex[J].Hydrobiologia,1987,154:113-119.DOI:10.1007/BF00026835.
[28] 邓道贵,孟琼,毛开云,等.温度和种间竞争对大型溞种群动态和两性生殖的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(12):6351-6358.DOI:1000-0933 (2009) 12-6351-08.
[29] TATARAZAKO NORIHISA,ODA SHIGETO,WATANABE HAJIME,et al.Juvenile hormone agonists affect the occurrence of male Daphnia.[J] .Chemosphere,2003,53:827-33.DOI:10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00761-6.
[30] SOHWARZ S S.Life history strategies in Daphnia:a review and predictions[J].Oikos,1984,42(2):11.DOI:10.2307/3544616.
[31] 王丹丽,李明云,汪海波,等.温度对老年低额溞和蚤状溞的繁殖能力及内禀增长率(rm )的影响[J].宁波大学学报:理工版,1996,9(1):36 - 43.DOI:10.7666/d.y684268.
[32] 邓道贵,靳英,柳明,等.温度和食物浓度对老年低额溞生长与生殖的影响[J].水生生物学报,2006,30(3):298 - 303.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-3207.2006.03.008.
[33] KORPELAINEN H.The efects of temperature and photoperiod on life history parameters of Daphnia magna(Crustacea:Cladocera)[J].Freshwater Biology,1986,16:615-620.
[34] STROSS R G,HILL J C.Photoperiod control of diapauses in Daphnia III Two stimulus control of long-day,short-day induction[J].Biological Bulletin,1969,137:359-374.DOI:10.2307/1540108.
[35] FERRARI D C ,HEBERT P D N .The induction of sexual reproduction in Daphnia magna:genetic differences between arctic and temperate populations[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,1982,60(9):2143-2148.DOI:10.1139/z82-274.