天然麻栎次生林生长规律研究
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摘要
麻栎林在桥山林区栽培历史悠久,在水土保持、森林碳汇等方面发挥了重要的作用。通过解析木法对林区内的天然麻栎次生林生长规律进行了研究,并运用5种生长经验方程拟合其最优生长模型。结果表明,随着树龄的增加,麻栎树高、胸径和材积生长量均持续升高,且在59a内,各项生长均未达到数量成熟。天然麻栎次生林树高的速生期在4～12a,年均生长量为0.51m;胸径的速生期在10～42a,年均生长量为0.56cm;材积的速生期在42～59a,年均生长量为6.67×10~(-3) m~3。天然麻栎次生林树高、胸径和材积的连年生长量均表现出明显的波动变化规律。生长方程拟合结果表明,考夫(Korf)模型为天然麻栎次生林树高的最优生长模型;坎派兹(Compertz)模型为胸径的最优生长模型;逻辑斯蒂(Logistic)模型、坎派兹(Compertz)模型和理查德(Richard)模型为材积的最优生长模型。模型的预测误差小、准确度高,可用于实际的生产中。
Quercus acutissimaforest has a long history and plays an important role in soil and water conservation,forest carbon sink and so on in the forest area of Qiaoshan Mountain.In this paper,we studied the growth law of natural Q.acutissimasecondary forest by analytical tree method,and then applied 5growth equations to fit the optimal growth model.The results showed that the tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and volume of the Q.acutissimaincreased continuously with the increase of tree age,and in59 years,they did not reach the quantity mature.The rapid growth periods of tree height,DBH,and volume were between 4-12,10-42,and 42-59 years,respectively,and with the annual growth increments of0.51 m,0.56 cm,and 6.67×10~(-3) m~3,respectively.The current annual increment of height,DBH and volume showed obvious fluctuation rule.The fitting results of the growth equation indicated that the Korf model was the optimal growth model for height,the Compertz model was the optimal for DBH,and the Logistic,Compertz,and Richard models were the optimal ones for volume.These models were more accurate wtih small prediction error,and could be used in practice.
Quercus acutissimaforest has a long history and plays an important role in soil and water conservation,forest carbon sink and so on in the forest area of Qiaoshan Mountain.In this paper,we studied the growth law of natural Q.acutissimasecondary forest by analytical tree method,and then applied 5growth equations to fit the optimal growth model.The results showed that the tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH)and volume of the Q.acutissimaincreased continuously with the increase of tree age,and in59 years,they did not reach the quantity mature.The rapid growth periods of tree height,DBH,and volume were between 4-12,10-42,and 42-59 years,respectively,and with the annual growth increments of0.51 m,0.56 cm,and 6.67×10~(-3) m~3,respectively.The current annual increment of height,DBH and volume showed obvious fluctuation rule.The fitting results of the growth equation indicated that the Korf model was the optimal growth model for height,the Compertz model was the optimal for DBH,and the Logistic,Compertz,and Richard models were the optimal ones for volume.These models were more accurate wtih small prediction error,and could be used in practice.
引文
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[17]李春明,李利学.基于非线性混合模型的栓皮栎树高与胸径关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):7-12.LI C M,LI L X.Height-diameter relationship for Quercus variabilis Blume plantations based on nonlinear mixed model[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):7-12.(in Chinese)
[18]宋玉福.目标树经营单木生长模型及干扰树采伐模拟[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[19]郑聪慧.华北地区栓皮栎生长模型的建立[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[20]白超.不同类型栓皮栎软木特性与林木生长规律研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[21]刘平,马履一,贾黎明,等.油松人工林单木树高生长模型研究[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):50-56.
[22]王艳辉.大岗山栎类次生林林分结构及生长规律研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2008.
[23]李春明.混合效应模型在森林生长模型中的应用[J].林业科学,2009,45(4):131-138.LI C M.Application of mixed effects models in forest growth model[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(4):131-138.(in Chinese)
[2]游开荣,江荣辉,涂国勤,等.生物质能源树种发展趋势及开发利用前景[J].现代农业科技,2011(11):227,229.
[3]杨澄,党坤良,刘建军.麻栎人工林水源涵养效能研究[J].西北林学院学报,1997,12(2):15-19.YANG C,DANG K L,LIU J J.Water-source conservation and regulating efficacy of artificial forest of Quercus acutissima[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,1997,12(2):15-19.(in Chinese)
[4]叶权平,张文辉,于世川,等.桥山林区麻栎群落主要乔木种群的种间联结性[J].生态学报,2018,38(9):1-9.YE Q P,ZHANG W H,YU S C,et al.Interspecific association of the main three populations of the Quercus acutissima[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(9):1-9.(in Chinese)
[5]薛文艳,杨斌,张文辉,等.桥山林区麻栎种群不同发育阶段空间格局及关联性[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3375-3384.
[6]杨澄.桥山天然栎林树种多样性及生态位分析[J].西北林学院学报,1998,13(4):28-32.YANG C.An analysis on the diversity and ecological niche of oak forest in the Qiaoshan area[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry College,1998,13(4):28-32.(in Chinese)
[7]刘志龙.麻栎炭用林种源选择与关键培育技术研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2010.
[8]张兴旺,李垚,方炎明.麻栎在中国的地理分布及潜在分布区预测[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(8):1685-1692.ZHANG X W,LI Y,FANG Y M.Geographical distribution and prediction of potential ranges of Quercus acutissimain China[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2014,34(8):1685-1692.(in Chinese)
[9]唐罗忠,虞木奎,严春风,等.立地条件及抚育措施对麻栎人工林生长的影响[J].福建林学院学报,2008,28(2):130-135.
[10]魏国余,覃德文,孙灿岳,等.麻栎人工林生长规律模拟与研究[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(4):145-150.WEI G Y,QIN D W,SUN C Y,et al.Simulation and research on the growth regularity of Quercus acutissima plantation[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2014,29(4):145-150.(in Chinese)
[11]曹旭平,张文辉.陕西桥山省级自然保护区综合科学考察报告[M].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学出版社,2015.
[12]高瑀晗.陕西桥山省级自然保护区范围及功能区调整研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[13]刘晓博.桥山林区阔叶乔木林腐殖质层土壤对林下药用植物的化感效应[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[14]高甲荣,肖斌.桥山林区油松人工林营养元素分配与积累的研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(5):667-671.GAO J R,Xiao B.Nutrient distribution and accumulation pattern of Chinese pine plantations in Qiaoshan forested region[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2001,12(5):667-671.(in Chinese)
[15]刘平,王玉涛,马履一.油松人工林单木胸径生长过程模拟及检验[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(4):139-143.LIU P,WANG Y T,MA L Y.Dynamic prediction and verification of individual tree DBH growth process of the Pinus tabulae formis plantantion[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2010,25(4):139-143.(in Chinese)
[16]梁有祥,秦武明,玉桂成,等.桂东南地区火力楠人工林生长规律研究[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(2):150-154.LIANG Y X,QIN W M,YU G C,et al.Growth regularity of michelia macclurei plantation in southeastern of Guangxi[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2011,26(2):150-154.(in Chinese)
[17]李春明,李利学.基于非线性混合模型的栓皮栎树高与胸径关系研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(4):7-12.LI C M,LI L X.Height-diameter relationship for Quercus variabilis Blume plantations based on nonlinear mixed model[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(4):7-12.(in Chinese)
[18]宋玉福.目标树经营单木生长模型及干扰树采伐模拟[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[19]郑聪慧.华北地区栓皮栎生长模型的建立[D].北京:北京林业大学,2015.
[20]白超.不同类型栓皮栎软木特性与林木生长规律研究[D].陕西杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2013.
[21]刘平,马履一,贾黎明,等.油松人工林单木树高生长模型研究[J].林业资源管理,2008(5):50-56.
[22]王艳辉.大岗山栎类次生林林分结构及生长规律研究[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2008.
[23]李春明.混合效应模型在森林生长模型中的应用[J].林业科学,2009,45(4):131-138.LI C M.Application of mixed effects models in forest growth model[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2009,45(4):131-138.(in Chinese)