黄土丘陵缓坡风沙区不同土地利用类型土壤水分变化特征
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摘要
为研究黄土丘陵缓坡风沙区不同土地利用类型下的土壤水分变化规律,采用时域反射仪TDR在山西省五寨县分别对玉米农地、柠条林地、苜蓿草地0-100 cm土层进行连续3年的土壤水分观测,掌握不同土地利用类型土壤含水量的季节变化规律和垂直分布特征。结果表明:(1)农林草地土壤水分随时间的变化曲线基本呈"M"形分布,三者季节变化规律相似,但土壤含水量差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),表现为苜蓿草地>柠条林地>玉米农地;(2)玉米农地与柠条林地土壤含水量随土层深度的增加呈"S"形分布,苜蓿草地的变化趋势与两者完全相反,玉米农地仅土壤表层0-20 cm含水量与降水存在显著相关性,柠条林地和苜蓿草地0-60 cm土壤含水量均与降水显著相关;(3)土壤含水量具有明显的垂直分布特征,在0-100 cm土层层中,随着土层深度的增加,玉米农地CV先逐渐降低后保持稳定,柠条林地CV始终持续降低,苜蓿草地CV先呈现波动变化后明显降低,三者整体表现为表层土壤含水量变异系数大于深层;(4)0-100 cm范围内,玉米农地的土壤层自上而下依次可划分为速变层、活跃层2个层次,柠条林地和苜蓿草地的土壤层划分为速变层、活跃层和次活跃层3个层次。本研究结果表明林地和草地在涵养土壤水分方面优于农田,林地和草地为黄土丘陵缓坡风沙区适宜的土地利用方式,为该区域土壤水分管理及水土资源的合理开发利用提供理论依据。
In order to study the variation characteristics of soil moisture under different land use types in the moderate slope sandy area of loess hilly region, time domain reflectometry(TDR) was used in three land use types, which were maize farmland, Caragana korshinskii forest land and alfalfa grassland, in Wuzhai County, Shanxi Province. The soil moisture of 0-100 cm soil layer was observed for three years, and the seasonal variation and vertical distribution of soil water content of different land use types were grasped. The results showed that the seasonal variation curves of soil moisture in the three kinds of lands all showed M type distribution. The seasonal variations of the three kinds of lands were similar, but the difference of soil water content reached an extremely significant level(P<0.01), which showed as follow alfalfa grassland > C. korshinskii forest > maize farmland. The soil water content of maize farmland and C. korshinskii forest showed S distribution with the increasing of soil depth, while the variation trend of alfalfa grassland was completely opposite to the other two lands. There was a significant correlation between the soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer and precipitation in maize farmland, and there was a significant correlation between the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer and precipitation in C. korshinskii forest and alfalfa grassland. The soil water content had obvious vertical distribution characteristics. In 0-100 cm soil layer, with the increasing of soil depth, the CV of maize farmland decreased gradually and then remained stable, however, the CV of C. korshinskii forest decreased continuously, the CV of alfalfa grassland fluctuated at first and then decreased obviously. The coefficient of variation of surface soil water content was higher than that of deep layer. In the range of 0-100 cm, the soil layer of maize farmland could be divided into rapid change layer and active layer from top to bottom, and the soil layers of C. korshinskii forest and alfalfa grassland could be divided into three layers, which were rapid change layer, active layer and sub-active layer. The results of this study showed that forest land and grassland were better than farmland in conserving soil moisture, and forest and grassland were suitable land use patterns in the moderate slope sandy area of loess hilly region. It provided a theoretical basis for the management of soil moisture and the rational development and utilization of soil and water resources in this area.
In order to study the variation characteristics of soil moisture under different land use types in the moderate slope sandy area of loess hilly region, time domain reflectometry(TDR) was used in three land use types, which were maize farmland, Caragana korshinskii forest land and alfalfa grassland, in Wuzhai County, Shanxi Province. The soil moisture of 0-100 cm soil layer was observed for three years, and the seasonal variation and vertical distribution of soil water content of different land use types were grasped. The results showed that the seasonal variation curves of soil moisture in the three kinds of lands all showed M type distribution. The seasonal variations of the three kinds of lands were similar, but the difference of soil water content reached an extremely significant level(P<0.01), which showed as follow alfalfa grassland > C. korshinskii forest > maize farmland. The soil water content of maize farmland and C. korshinskii forest showed S distribution with the increasing of soil depth, while the variation trend of alfalfa grassland was completely opposite to the other two lands. There was a significant correlation between the soil water content of 0-20 cm soil layer and precipitation in maize farmland, and there was a significant correlation between the soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer and precipitation in C. korshinskii forest and alfalfa grassland. The soil water content had obvious vertical distribution characteristics. In 0-100 cm soil layer, with the increasing of soil depth, the CV of maize farmland decreased gradually and then remained stable, however, the CV of C. korshinskii forest decreased continuously, the CV of alfalfa grassland fluctuated at first and then decreased obviously. The coefficient of variation of surface soil water content was higher than that of deep layer. In the range of 0-100 cm, the soil layer of maize farmland could be divided into rapid change layer and active layer from top to bottom, and the soil layers of C. korshinskii forest and alfalfa grassland could be divided into three layers, which were rapid change layer, active layer and sub-active layer. The results of this study showed that forest land and grassland were better than farmland in conserving soil moisture, and forest and grassland were suitable land use patterns in the moderate slope sandy area of loess hilly region. It provided a theoretical basis for the management of soil moisture and the rational development and utilization of soil and water resources in this area.
引文
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[2] 梁海斌,史建伟,牛俊杰,等.晋西北黄土丘陵区不同林龄柠条地土壤水分变化特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(6):143-148.
[3] 肖列,刘国彬,薛萐,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分及地上生物量的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(4):204-209.
[4] 马骏,刘爽,刘勇.晋西北沙区玉米不同耕作方式对土壤水分及效益的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(14):152-158.
[5] 孔凌霄,毕华兴,周巧稚,等.晋西黄土区不同立地刺槐林土壤水分动态特征[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):163-169.
[6] 韩丙芳,马红彬,沈艳,等.不同生态修复措施对黄土丘陵区典型草原土壤水分时空变异的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(1):214-219.
[7] 马婧怡,贾宁凤,程曼.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式下土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(10):3471-3481.
[8] 郭晋丽,刘爽.晋西北风沙区长期不同植被恢复类型下土壤物理特征分析[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(11):1794-1800.
[9] 朱宝文,郑有飞,陈晓光.高寒针茅草原植物生长季土壤水分动态变化规律[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):96-100.
[10] 王贺年,余新晓,李轶涛.北京山区林地土壤水分动态变化[J].山地学报,2011,29(6):701-706.
[11] 贾志清.晋西北黄土丘陵沟壑区典型灌草植被土壤水分动态变化规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2006,26(1):10-15.
[12] 易亮.黄土高原沟壑区生态经济型防护林土壤水分养分特征与空间配置研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[13] 白一茹.水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤水分特性研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[14] 马文.黄土丘陵区典型人工林土壤水分补给与消耗特征研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[15] 武建虎.农田土壤水分动态及其影响因素分析[J].地下水,2011,33(4):13-14.
[16] 李竞,贾生海,陈小红,等.黄土高原不同立地条件下柠条林地土壤水分的变化规律[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(2):111-115.
[17] 罗珠珠,牛伊宁,李玲玲,等.陇中黄土高原不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤水分及产量响应[J].草业学报,2015,24(1):31-38.
[18] 程立平,刘文兆,李志.黄土塬区不同土地利用方式下深层土壤水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(8):1975-1983.
[19] 张艳丽,张国珍.黄土高原典型塬区土壤湿度特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(5):190-195.
[20] 赵磊磊,朱清科,聂立水,等.陕北黄土区陡坡土壤水分变异规律研究[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(2):253-259.
[21] 刘晶淼,安顺清,廖荣伟,等.玉米根系在土壤剖面中的分布研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):517-521.
[22] 毕建琦,杜峰,梁宗锁,等.黄土高原丘陵区不同立地条件下柠条根系研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(2):225-230.
[23] 王月胜.不同苜蓿品种根系特征及其抗寒性关系的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[24] 张洪芬,王劲松,黄斌,等.西峰黄土高原麦田土壤水分的垂直分布[J].土壤通报,2007,37(6):1081-1085.