药品原始创新模式演化及对中国的启示
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摘要
原始创新模式是原始创新活动的载体。中国本土创新主体依据自身现状选择合理的创新模式,对于实质性提升中国制药行业原始创新能力具有重要意义。通过梳理原始创新模式演化,归纳药品原始创新模式,考察影响原始创新模式选择的主要因素,进而研究中国制药行业原始创新的现状和不足。结果表明,中国本土药品创新模式单调,主要原因在于创新主体单一、基础研究累积薄弱、同质化竞争严重、缺乏可操作性的激励政策。中国政府应该引导更多的本国主体参与原始创新,鼓励主体间进行多元化合作,提高创新资源配置效率,并制定具有可操作性的激励政策。
Radical innovation mode is the vector for the radical innovation.Chinese native innovators choose the reasonable radical innovation mode based on its own conditions.It is great significance to improve radical innovation capability of China pharmaceutical industry.By hackling the evolution of the pharmaceutical radical innovation modes,concluding innovation mode,investigating the influencing factors for how to choose the radical innovation modes,the article studies the status and inferiors of Chinese pharmaceutical radical innovation.The results show that the diversification of the innovation modes and the innovators becomes a general trend.Chinese native pharmaceutical radical innovation mode is monotonic.The reason lies in innovator single,basic research accumulation weakness,excessive homogeneity competition,operating incentive policy lack.The government should promote the native subjects to participate in radical innovation,encourage the diversification cooperative with the subjects,improve the resource allocation efficiency and make the operating incentive policies.
Radical innovation mode is the vector for the radical innovation.Chinese native innovators choose the reasonable radical innovation mode based on its own conditions.It is great significance to improve radical innovation capability of China pharmaceutical industry.By hackling the evolution of the pharmaceutical radical innovation modes,concluding innovation mode,investigating the influencing factors for how to choose the radical innovation modes,the article studies the status and inferiors of Chinese pharmaceutical radical innovation.The results show that the diversification of the innovation modes and the innovators becomes a general trend.Chinese native pharmaceutical radical innovation mode is monotonic.The reason lies in innovator single,basic research accumulation weakness,excessive homogeneity competition,operating incentive policy lack.The government should promote the native subjects to participate in radical innovation,encourage the diversification cooperative with the subjects,improve the resource allocation efficiency and make the operating incentive policies.
引文
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[32]GOH B K B,YEE A S V,KENDALL G,et al.Industrial R&D expenditure:its determinants and propensity of technology transfer of top ten companies in Malaysia,Singapore and Taiwan[J].Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy,2017,6(3):354-378.
[33]SMITH M.Pharmaceutical marketing in the 21st Century[M].Florida:CRC Press,2014.
[34]MOTOHASHI K.Catching up or lagging behind?assessment of technological capacity of China by patent database[J].China Economic Journal,2009,2(1):1-24.
[35]HOBDAY M.Firm-level innovation models:perspectives on research in developed and developing countries[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2005,17(2):21-146.
[36]WANG L S,PLUMP A,RINGEL M.Racing to define pharmaceutical R&D external innovation models[J].Drug Discovery Today,2015,20(3):361-370.
[2]SCHUMPETER J A.The theory of economic development[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1912.
[3]CHESBROUGH H W.Open innovation:the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology[M].Boston:Harvard Business Press,2006.
[4]CHESBROUGH H W.Open innovation:the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology[M].Boston:Harvard Business Press,2006.
[5]GENG D,SAGGI K.The nature of innovative activity and the protection of intellectual property in Asia[J].Asian Economic Policy Review,2015,10(1):71-91.
[6]GEMNDEN H G,SALOMO S,HLZLE K.Role models for radical innovations in times of open innovation[J].Creativity and Innovation Management,2007,16(4):408-421.
[7]SURI F K,BANERJI A.Super generics-first step of Indian pharmaceutical industry in the innovative space in US market[J].Journal of Health Management,2016,18(1):161-171.
[8]VERTINSKY L.Patents,partnerships,and the pre-competitive collaboration myth in pharmaceutical innovation[J].UCDavis Law Review,2015,48(3):101-173.
[9]原长弘,章芬,高金燕.产学研战略联盟与企业原始创新能力[J].研究与发展管理,2015,27(6):29-39.
[10]STORY V M,DANIELS K,ZOLKIEWSKI J,et al.The barriers and consequences of radical innovations:introduction to the issue[J].Industrial Marketing Management,2014,43(8):1271-1277.
[11]SARKAR S,OSIYEVSKYY O,CLEGG S R.Incumbent capability enhancement in response to radical innovations[J].European Management Journal,2018,36(3):353-365.
[12]THOMPSON J D.Organizations in action:social science bases of administrative theory[M].New York:Transaction Publishers,1967.
[13]柳卸林,何郁冰.基础研究是中国产业核心技术创新的源泉[J].中国软科学,2011,26(4):104-117.
[14]KUZMINOV I,BAKHTIN P,KHABIROVA E,et al.Mapping the radical innovations in food industry:a text mining study[EB/OL].2018-03-01.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3143721&download=yes.
[15]BERS J A,DISMUKES J P,MEHSERLE D,et al.Extending the stage-gate model to radical innovation---the accelerated radical innovation model[J].Journal of the Knowledge Economy,2014,5(4):706-734.
[16]BESSEN J,MEURER M J.Patent failure-how judges,bureaucrats,and lawyers put innovators at risk[M].New Jersey:Princeton University Press,2008.
[17]HU Y,SCHERNGELL T,QIU L,et al.R&D internationalisation patterns in the global pharmaceutical industry:evidence from a network analytic perspective[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2015,27(5):532-549.
[18]CILIBERTI S,CARRARESI L,BRRING S.Drivers of innovation in Italy:food versus pharmaceutical industry[J].British Food Journal,2016,118(6):1292-1316.
[19]KELCHTERMANS S,LETEN B,BELDERBOS R.The impact of internal&external basic research on the technological performance of pharmaceutical firms[C].Open Access Publications from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,2010(2):25.
[20]BERCHICCI L.Towards an open R&D system:internal R&D investment,external knowledge acquisition and innovative performance[J].Research Policy,2013,42(1):117-127.
[21]GENG D,SAGGI K.The nature of innovative activity and the protection of intellectual property in Asia[J].Asian E-conomic Policy Review,2015,10(1):71-91.
[22]吕苏榆,刘晓焕.TPP成员国药品专利保护对中国医药产品出口的影响[J].中国科技论坛,2017,33(3):102-108.
[23]郑平安,赵铃莉.基于SWOT模型的中小型制药企业专利战略制定研究[J].知识产权,2015,29(1):77-81.
[24]董丽,袁泉,李秀娟.构建我国制药企业专利风险评估机制的研究[J].中国新药杂志,2015,24(9):977-982.
[25]BAILY M N.Research and development costs and returns:the US pharmaceutical industry[J].Journal of Political E-conomy,1972,80(1):70-85.
[26]SHIMURA H,MASUDA S,KIMURA H.Research and development productivity map:visualization of industry status[J].Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics,2014,39(2):175-180.
[27]MOWERY D C,NELSON R R,SAMPAT B N,et al.The growth of patenting and licensing by US universities:an assessment of the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980[J].Research Policy,2001,30(1):99-119.
[28]HANSEN R W.The pharmaceutical development process:estimates of development costs and times and the effects of proposed regulatory changes[R].University of Rochester Medical Center,1979.
[29]DIMASI J A,GRABOWSKI H G.The cost of biopharmaceutical R&D:is biotech different[J].Managerial and decision Economics,2007,28(4/5):469-479.
[30]COMANOR W S,SCHERER F M.Mergers and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry[J].Journal of Health Economics,2013,32(1):106-113.
[31]NIRAD J,VIKRAM K,FRANZ R K,et al.Global healthcare corporate M&A report 2016[EP/OL].2018-03-16.https://www.bain.com/insights/global-healthcarecorporate-ma-report-2016/.
[32]GOH B K B,YEE A S V,KENDALL G,et al.Industrial R&D expenditure:its determinants and propensity of technology transfer of top ten companies in Malaysia,Singapore and Taiwan[J].Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy,2017,6(3):354-378.
[33]SMITH M.Pharmaceutical marketing in the 21st Century[M].Florida:CRC Press,2014.
[34]MOTOHASHI K.Catching up or lagging behind?assessment of technological capacity of China by patent database[J].China Economic Journal,2009,2(1):1-24.
[35]HOBDAY M.Firm-level innovation models:perspectives on research in developed and developing countries[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2005,17(2):21-146.
[36]WANG L S,PLUMP A,RINGEL M.Racing to define pharmaceutical R&D external innovation models[J].Drug Discovery Today,2015,20(3):361-370.