水泵水轮机水轮机工况转轮流动特性分析
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摘要
为了揭示某高水头水泵水轮机转轮区域流动特性,选取三个典型水轮机工况,基于N-S方程和SST湍流模型对模型水泵水轮机进行三维全流道非定常数值计算,研究不同水轮机工况下转轮区域的流动特性。结果表明:小流量工况下,转轮流态紊乱,有明显的旋涡,最优工况和大流量工况下,由于流量增大,转轮内流态明显改善,流线均匀顺畅;转轮流道内压力在圆周方向上对称分布,沿着流道方向压力逐渐减小,叶片出口附近存在不同范围的负压区域,由于小流量工况转轮内部水流紊乱使得负压区域较其余工况大;长短叶片靠近上冠处压力脉动呈周期性变化,受动静干涉效应影响,叶片进口处压力脉动剧烈,长短叶片在进出口处脉动变化规律一致,长短叶片进口处脉动频率皆以16倍转频为主,出口处皆以1倍转频为主。以上结论可为高水头水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下的高效运行提供一定的参考。
In order to reveal the flow characteristics in the runner region of high-head pump turbine, three typical turbine operating conditions were selected. Based on the N-S equation and the SST turbulence model, three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow in the full passage of the model pump turbine is carried out. And the flow characteristics in the runner area under different turbine operating conditions are studied. Results show that the flow state of runner under the condition of small flow rate disorder and there are significant vortexes under the condition of optimum and large flow rate, because of the increase of flow rate, the flow pattern in the runner improves obviously and the streamline is smooth. The pressure in runner passage distributes symmetrically in circumferential direction, and the pressure from the inlet to the outlet of the runner decreases gradually, and there is a negative pressure zone near the blade outlet because of the turbulence in the runner within the small flow condition, the negative pressure area is larger than the other conditions; The pressure fluctuation of the long and short blade near the upper crown is periodic. The pressure pulsation at the inlet of the blade is severe by the influence of rotor-stator interaction. The fluctuating law of long and short blades at inlet and outlet is consistent. The frequency of pulsation at the inlet of blade is mainly 16 times the runner rotational frequency and the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the outlet of blade is mainly runner rotational frequency. The above conclusions serve as a reference for the highly efficient operation of high-head pump turbine under the condition of turbine.
In order to reveal the flow characteristics in the runner region of high-head pump turbine, three typical turbine operating conditions were selected. Based on the N-S equation and the SST turbulence model, three-dimensional unsteady turbulent flow in the full passage of the model pump turbine is carried out. And the flow characteristics in the runner area under different turbine operating conditions are studied. Results show that the flow state of runner under the condition of small flow rate disorder and there are significant vortexes under the condition of optimum and large flow rate, because of the increase of flow rate, the flow pattern in the runner improves obviously and the streamline is smooth. The pressure in runner passage distributes symmetrically in circumferential direction, and the pressure from the inlet to the outlet of the runner decreases gradually, and there is a negative pressure zone near the blade outlet because of the turbulence in the runner within the small flow condition, the negative pressure area is larger than the other conditions; The pressure fluctuation of the long and short blade near the upper crown is periodic. The pressure pulsation at the inlet of the blade is severe by the influence of rotor-stator interaction. The fluctuating law of long and short blades at inlet and outlet is consistent. The frequency of pulsation at the inlet of blade is mainly 16 times the runner rotational frequency and the frequency of pressure fluctuation at the outlet of blade is mainly runner rotational frequency. The above conclusions serve as a reference for the highly efficient operation of high-head pump turbine under the condition of turbine.
引文
[1] 左志钢,刘树红.中国水泵水轮机流动不稳定性研究[J].Engineering,2017,3(4):162-178.
[2] 陈阿龙.水泵水轮机尾水管涡带特性及改善方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[3] XIAO Y X,SUN D G,WANG Z W,et al.Numerical analysis of unsteady flow behaviour and pressure pulsation in pump turbine with misaligned guide vanes[C]//26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems-Session 1:Hydraulic Turbines and Pumps of IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2012.
[4] 李仁年,谭海燕,李琪飞,等.水泵水轮机转轮区域脉动特性分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(12):1 038-1 043.
[5] 李琪飞,刘萌萌,刘谦,等.水泵水轮机制动工况转轮受力分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(7):588-595.
[6] 岳志伟,郑源,阚阚,等.基于流固耦合的某抽水蓄能电站可逆式水轮机转轮强度和模态分析[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(2):181-184,152.
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[9] 钱忠东,陆杰,郭志伟,等.水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下压力脉动特性[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(8):672-678.
[10] Yang Wei,Xiao Ruofu.Multiobjective optimization design of a pump-turbine impeller based on an inverse design using a combination optimization strategy[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,136(1):141-149.
[11] 李佳楠,袁帅,刘小兵.长短叶片混流式水轮机全流道内部流场数值模拟研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(7):161-164.
[12] 林方舟,冯建军,朱国俊,等.长短叶片转轮对低比速混流式机组的性能改善研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(11):94-98.
[13] 朱李,赖喜德.长短叶片混流式水轮机流动特性分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(6):162-165.
[14] 张思青,胡秀成,张立翔,等.基于CFD的长短叶片水轮机压力脉动研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(2):216-221.
[2] 陈阿龙.水泵水轮机尾水管涡带特性及改善方法研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2017.
[3] XIAO Y X,SUN D G,WANG Z W,et al.Numerical analysis of unsteady flow behaviour and pressure pulsation in pump turbine with misaligned guide vanes[C]//26th IAHR Symposium on Hydraulic Machinery and Systems-Session 1:Hydraulic Turbines and Pumps of IOP Conference Series:Earth and Environmental Science,2012.
[4] 李仁年,谭海燕,李琪飞,等.水泵水轮机转轮区域脉动特性分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2015,33(12):1 038-1 043.
[5] 李琪飞,刘萌萌,刘谦,等.水泵水轮机制动工况转轮受力分析[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(7):588-595.
[6] 岳志伟,郑源,阚阚,等.基于流固耦合的某抽水蓄能电站可逆式水轮机转轮强度和模态分析[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(2):181-184,152.
[7] 张兰金,纪兴英,常近时.水泵水轮机泵工况转轮流场分析[J].农业机械学报,2008(4):69-72,82.
[8] 韩冬冬,于凤荣,张思青.水泵水轮机水轮机工况全流道三维非定常数值模拟[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(4):325-332.
[9] 钱忠东,陆杰,郭志伟,等.水泵水轮机在水轮机工况下压力脉动特性[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(8):672-678.
[10] Yang Wei,Xiao Ruofu.Multiobjective optimization design of a pump-turbine impeller based on an inverse design using a combination optimization strategy[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,2013,136(1):141-149.
[11] 李佳楠,袁帅,刘小兵.长短叶片混流式水轮机全流道内部流场数值模拟研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(7):161-164.
[12] 林方舟,冯建军,朱国俊,等.长短叶片转轮对低比速混流式机组的性能改善研究[J].水利水电技术,2016,47(11):94-98.
[13] 朱李,赖喜德.长短叶片混流式水轮机流动特性分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2015(6):162-165.
[14] 张思青,胡秀成,张立翔,等.基于CFD的长短叶片水轮机压力脉动研究[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(2):216-221.