干旱半干旱区水资源承载力评价及空间规划指引——以宁夏西海固地区为例
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摘要
以宁夏西海固地区为例,在区域尺度水资源超载状态分析基础上,构建了栅格尺度水资源承载力评价指标体系和计算方法,阐释了水资源承载力空间格局、特征及其与人口经济要素的空间关系,并提出空间规划与发展路径指引。干旱半干旱区栅格尺度的水资源承载力评估指标体系包括5项一级指标和12项二级指标,案例实证研究与校验表明:指标体系与评估模型具有可操作性,可为空间规划与管制提供更有效的决策支撑;西海固地区栅格尺度的水资源承载力划分为强、较强、中等、较弱以及弱5个等级,强和较强等级区主要位于清水河河谷平原,是黄河扬水灌区与地下水资源富集区的叠加区域,较弱和弱等级区集中分布于黄土丘陵区、六盘山及其余脉山地区。在水资源承载力空间差异分析的基础上,因地制宜地制定空间开发指引,建立"节流为主、开源为辅"的水资源保障体系,有助于构建与区域水资源条件相适应的人口产业布局模式。
As the critical influence factor for the sustainable development in arid and semi-arid region, water resources carrying capacity is an important parameter during spatial planning. Based on the case study of XijiHaiyuan-Guyuan area of Ningxia, an approach of multi-scale evaluation of water resources carrying capacity oriented to spatial planning is put forward, which refers to the loading index and carrying state index of water resources based on evaluation of administrative unit and the spatial comprehensive index of water resources carrying capacity based on raster calculation. The empirical analysis and calibration results show that: 1) It is feasible to realize the multi-scale evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid region,and the evaluation results among different scales have strong complementarities; 2) Overall, with a high degree of load index of the water resources, the regional water resources present the state of critical overloading in Xiji-Haiyuan-Guyuan Area of Ningxia, and the overload ratio is 4.15% in general. The pumping irrigation projects of the mainstream of the Yellow River significantly alleviate the overload situation of overall water resources as a whole, particularly in the middle area of mountains and piedmont plains; 3) According to the spatial comprehensive index of water resources carrying capacity at 90 m×90 m grid unit, it is generally divided into five levels: very strong, strong, medium, weak and very weak. The valley plain area of the Qingshuihe River is characterized by very strong and strong levels, where is a typical superposition region of the irrigation area of major pumping projects and the enrichment area of groundwater resources, while the Loess Hilly Region and the Liupan Mountain Region are featured by the weak and very weak levels. 4) Based on the spatial disparities of water resources carrying capacity, the guarantee system of water resources should be established on the concept of economizing water all-around and exploiting new water resource in accordance with local conditions.
As the critical influence factor for the sustainable development in arid and semi-arid region, water resources carrying capacity is an important parameter during spatial planning. Based on the case study of XijiHaiyuan-Guyuan area of Ningxia, an approach of multi-scale evaluation of water resources carrying capacity oriented to spatial planning is put forward, which refers to the loading index and carrying state index of water resources based on evaluation of administrative unit and the spatial comprehensive index of water resources carrying capacity based on raster calculation. The empirical analysis and calibration results show that: 1) It is feasible to realize the multi-scale evaluation of water resources carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid region,and the evaluation results among different scales have strong complementarities; 2) Overall, with a high degree of load index of the water resources, the regional water resources present the state of critical overloading in Xiji-Haiyuan-Guyuan Area of Ningxia, and the overload ratio is 4.15% in general. The pumping irrigation projects of the mainstream of the Yellow River significantly alleviate the overload situation of overall water resources as a whole, particularly in the middle area of mountains and piedmont plains; 3) According to the spatial comprehensive index of water resources carrying capacity at 90 m×90 m grid unit, it is generally divided into five levels: very strong, strong, medium, weak and very weak. The valley plain area of the Qingshuihe River is characterized by very strong and strong levels, where is a typical superposition region of the irrigation area of major pumping projects and the enrichment area of groundwater resources, while the Loess Hilly Region and the Liupan Mountain Region are featured by the weak and very weak levels. 4) Based on the spatial disparities of water resources carrying capacity, the guarantee system of water resources should be established on the concept of economizing water all-around and exploiting new water resource in accordance with local conditions.
引文
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[22]高瑞忠,李和平,佟长福,等.鄂尔多斯市水资源承载能力综合评价与分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(2):139-142.[Gao Ruizhong,Li Heping,Tong Changfu et al.Comprehensive evaluation and analysis of water resources capacity in Erdos Area.Research Soil and Water Conservation,2011,18(2):139-142.]
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[25]龙胤慧,郭中小,廖梓龙,等.基于水资源承载能力的达茂旗牧区用水方案优化[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):238-244.[Long Yinhui,Guo Zhongxiao,Liao Zilong et al.The optimal water utilization of Damaoqi in pastoral area based on water resources carrying capacity.Scientia Georaphica Sinica,2015,35(2):238-244.]
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