不同用量有机肥配施化肥对水稻生长及产量的影响
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摘要
为明确有机肥在水稻生产中的最适用量,本文采用小区试验法,施用自主发酵有机肥,有机肥用量为2.5,7.5,15.0,22.5 t·hm~(-2)四个水平,研究不同用量有机肥配施化肥对水稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明:有机肥配施化肥能促进水稻分蘖,植株长势在分蘖期-幼穗分化期弱于常规施肥,在抽穗-灌浆期则优于常规施肥,主要表现在增加了干物质积累、叶片数及叶面积,其中有机肥15.0 t·hm~(-2)+50%常规施肥、有机肥22.5 t·hm~(-2)+50%常规施肥与常规施肥处理间差异显著(P<0.05);有机肥配施化肥延缓了抽穗进程,抽穗率在抽穗末期低于常规施肥;有机肥15 t·hm~(-2)+50%常规施肥较常规施肥增产4.7%,差异显著(P<0.05),效果最佳。从经济效益值来看,有机肥用量越高,肥料成本越高,效益值越低,从提高产量、保证经济效益角度出发,有机肥15 t·hm~(-2)+50%常规施肥为最适配施用量。
In order to determine the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer for rice production,the effect of different dosage of self-fermentation organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice was studied.The organic fertilizer dosage was 2.5,7.5,15.0 and 22.5 t·hm~(-2) respectively.The results showed that the treatments of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer promoted rice tillering,its plant growth vigor weaker than that of chemical fertilizer during tiller stage and young panicle differentiation stage,but better than it during heading and filling stage,especially in the dry matter accumulation and the number and area of leaves,the significant differences(P<0.05) between the treatments of organic fertilizer dosage 15.0 and 22.5 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage respectively and the treatments of conventional fertilization;delayed the course of earing,its earing rate lower than that of conventional fertilization at the end of earing stage.The yield of the treatments of organic fertilizer dosage 15 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage increased by 4.7%,the significant differences(P<0.05) to the treatments of conventional fertilization.As for economic benefit,it had the more application of organic fertilizer,higher fertilizer cost,and lower benefit value.Therefore,for increasing yield and ensuring economic benefit,the optimum dosage was organic fertilizer 15 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage.
In order to determine the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer for rice production,the effect of different dosage of self-fermentation organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice was studied.The organic fertilizer dosage was 2.5,7.5,15.0 and 22.5 t·hm~(-2) respectively.The results showed that the treatments of organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer promoted rice tillering,its plant growth vigor weaker than that of chemical fertilizer during tiller stage and young panicle differentiation stage,but better than it during heading and filling stage,especially in the dry matter accumulation and the number and area of leaves,the significant differences(P<0.05) between the treatments of organic fertilizer dosage 15.0 and 22.5 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage respectively and the treatments of conventional fertilization;delayed the course of earing,its earing rate lower than that of conventional fertilization at the end of earing stage.The yield of the treatments of organic fertilizer dosage 15 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage increased by 4.7%,the significant differences(P<0.05) to the treatments of conventional fertilization.As for economic benefit,it had the more application of organic fertilizer,higher fertilizer cost,and lower benefit value.Therefore,for increasing yield and ensuring economic benefit,the optimum dosage was organic fertilizer 15 t·hm~(-2) with 50% conventional fertilization dosage.
引文
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[3] 周江明.有机-无机肥配施对水稻产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(1) :234-240.
[4] 王立刚.生物有机肥对作物生长、土壤肥力及产量的效应研究[J].土壤肥料,2004(5):12-16.
[5] 杨晶.畜禽粪便有机肥技术的应用及效益分析[J].环境与发展,2014,26(4):82-84.
[6] 汪吉东,张辉,张永春,等.连续施用不同比例鸡粪氮对水稻土有机质积累及土壤酸化的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1178-1185.
[7] 孟庆英,于忠和,贾绘彬,等.不同施肥处理对大豆根际土壤微生物及土壤肥力影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(3):471-474.
[8] 焦晓光,魏丹,隋跃宇.长期培肥对农田黑土土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2010(3):1-3.
[9] 王慎强,蒋其鳖,钦绳武,等.长期施用有机肥与化肥对潮土土壤化学及生物学性质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(4):67-69.
[10] 邵兴华.长期施肥对水稻土酶活性及理化特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(1):74-77.
[11] 欧杨虹,徐阳春,沈其荣,等.有机氮部分替代无机氮对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2009(1):106-111.