淮南塌陷塘重金属空间分布特征研究
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摘要
长期地下煤炭开采在地表产生了大面积的塌陷塘,并造成了不同程度的水域污染。为研究塌陷塘重金属的分布特征及成因,选择了8种对环境影响较大的重金属元素(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni)为研究对象,以淮南潘集一矿塌陷塘为研究区域,利用ArcGIS地统计模块中的协同克里格算法,通过水体实测光谱反射率作为协变量来估算水体中的重金属含量空间分布特征。结果表明:水体实测光谱与重金属含量有较好的关系,以水体光谱为协变量的协同克里格插值与单变量的普通克里格插值相比,8种重金属元素的预测值与实际值之间的均方根误差明显减少,证明水体实测光谱适合作为协变量来估计水体重金属的空间分布情况。综合分析发现,水体中的Cd,Pb,Cu,Ni主要来自水域西北部的煤矸石堆山,且Cd,Cu,Pb含量均超过了当地的背景值,对环境影响较大;Cr主要来自农业肥料、成土母质和周边道路旁的煤泥灰厂及煤矸石堆;Zn的来源主要是煤矸石、上游生活污水、农业肥料、土壤母质,由于其含量较低,对水环境质量的影响不大。
Long-term underground coal mining activities cause severe land subsidence and form large amount of subsidence ponds, and causing water pollution in different degrees. To study the distribution of heavy metals in subsidence pond and cause of formation, this paper chooses subsidence pond in Panji-1 coal mine in Huaihuan as research area and focused on eight kinds of heavy mental elements(Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni) impacting significantly environmental quality. We took water reflectance spectrum as covariate to estimate the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in water bodies on the basis of collaborative kriging method. The results indicate that measured water spectra and heavy metal content have good relations. And collaborative kriging interpolation method which chooses water spectrum as covariate is much better than single variable ordinary kriging interpolation, the root mean square error of eight heavy metal elements between the predicted values and actual values decreased obviously, proving that the reflectance spectra of water as covariate is suitable for estimation of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in water. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis results found that Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni in water-looged area mainly come from gangue dump in the northwest of the water body. And Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations exceeded local background value and had the highest pollution risk. Cr mainly comes from agricultural fertilizer, soil parent material and coal ash deposition of the surrounding road and coal gangue. Zn mainly comes from coal gangue, sewage, agricultural fertilizer and soil parent material. Because of its concentrations is low, it has a little effect on the water environment quality.
Long-term underground coal mining activities cause severe land subsidence and form large amount of subsidence ponds, and causing water pollution in different degrees. To study the distribution of heavy metals in subsidence pond and cause of formation, this paper chooses subsidence pond in Panji-1 coal mine in Huaihuan as research area and focused on eight kinds of heavy mental elements(Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni) impacting significantly environmental quality. We took water reflectance spectrum as covariate to estimate the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in water bodies on the basis of collaborative kriging method. The results indicate that measured water spectra and heavy metal content have good relations. And collaborative kriging interpolation method which chooses water spectrum as covariate is much better than single variable ordinary kriging interpolation, the root mean square error of eight heavy metal elements between the predicted values and actual values decreased obviously, proving that the reflectance spectra of water as covariate is suitable for estimation of the spatial distribution of heavy metals in water. Furthermore, the comprehensive analysis results found that Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni in water-looged area mainly come from gangue dump in the northwest of the water body. And Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations exceeded local background value and had the highest pollution risk. Cr mainly comes from agricultural fertilizer, soil parent material and coal ash deposition of the surrounding road and coal gangue. Zn mainly comes from coal gangue, sewage, agricultural fertilizer and soil parent material. Because of its concentrations is low, it has a little effect on the water environment quality.
引文
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[17]杨凤海,孙彦坤,于太义,等.近10年黑龙江省气温的时空变异分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):5585–5596.YANG Fenghai,SUN Yankun,YU Taiyi,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of temperature in heilongjiang province analysis in recent 10 years[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2009,11(5):5585–5596.
[18]李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用[J].测绘通报,2013(9):87–90.LI Junxiao,LI Chaokui,YIN Zhihui.Arc GIS based Kriging interpolation method and its application[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2013(9):87–90.
[19]MCBRATNEY A B,ODEH I O A,BISHOP T F A,et al.An overview of pedometric techniques for use in soil survey[J].Geoderma,2000,97(3-4):293–327.
[20]YALCIN E.Cokriging and its effect on the estimation precision[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining&Metallurgy,2005,105,223–228.
[21]GOOVAERTS P.Ordinary cokriging revisited[J].Mathematical Geology,1998,30(1):21–42.
[22]CHEN T.Heavy metal sources identification and sampling uncertainty analysis in a field-scale vegetable soil of Hangzhou,China[J].Environ Pollut,2009,157,1003–1010.
[23]任晨曦,李玲,林洪孝,等.兴隆庄采煤塌陷蓄水区水环境现状分析与评价[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(10):16–19.REN Chenxi,LI Ling,LIN Hongxiao,et al.Current status analysis and evaluation of water environmentin of coal mining collapse water storage area in Xinglongzhuang[J].Water Resources and power,2012,30(10):16–19.
[24]谷得明.煤矸石堆存对地表与浅层地下水环境的影响研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015:39–40.
[25]王晖,郝启勇,尹儿琴.煤矸石的淋溶、浸泡对水环境的污染研究——以兖济滕矿区塌陷区充填的煤矸石为例[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(2):43–45.WANG Hui,HAO Qiyong,YIN Erqin.A Study on water pollution from eluvlation and immersing gangue[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(2):43–45.
[26]白玲玉,曾希柏,李莲芳,等.不同农业利用方式对土壤重金属累积的影响及原因分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,4(1):96–104.BAI Lingyu,ZENG Xibo,LI Lianfang,et al.Effects of land use on heavy metal accumulation in soils and source analysis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,4(1):96–104.
[27]阿不都艾尼·阿不里,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,侯艳军,等.煤矸石堆场周围土壤重金属污染特征分析与评价[J].中国矿业,2015,24(12):60–65.ABDUGHENI Abliz,TASHPOLAT Tiyip,HOU Yanjun,et al.Analysis of pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of gangue piling site[J].China Mining Magazing,2015,24(12):60–65.
[28]樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(10):1727–1736.FAN Ting,YE Wenling,CHEN Haiyan,et al.Review on contamination and remediation technology of heavy metal in agricultural soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(10):1727–1736.
[29]贾亚琪,程志飞,刘品祯,等.煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):474–479.JIA Yaqi,CHENG Zhifei,LIU Pinzhen,et al.Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in agricultural soil around the mining area and ecological risk assessment[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):474–479.
[2]柏松.打造治理采煤塌陷区的“淮南模式”[N].中国矿业报,2016-02-16(006).
[3]徐翀,刘文斌,裴文明,等.淮南张集采煤塌陷积水区水环境动态监测研究[J].中国煤炭地质,2015,27(1):50–54.XU Chong,LIU Wenbin,PEI Wenming,et al.Mining subsidence ponding area water environment dynamic monitoring in Zhangji mine area,Huainan[J].Coal Geology of China,2015,27(1):50–54.
[4]刘桂建,杨萍玥,彭子成,等.煤矸石中潜在有害微量元素淋溶析出研究[J].高校地质学报,2001,7(4):449–457.LIU Guijian,YANG Pingyue,PENG Zicheng,et al.Study on leaching of potentially hazardous trace elements from coal-waste rocks[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2001,7(4):449–457.
[5]武旭仁,郝启勇,范士彦.煤矸石中潜在有害微量元素析出过程探讨[J].煤田地质与勘探,2009,37(4):43–46.WU Xuren,HAO Qiyong,FAN Shiyan.Discussion on hazardous trace elements precipitation process in coal gangue[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2009,37(4):43–46.
[6]池涌,严建华,蒋旭光,等.洗煤泥煤矸石流化床混烧过程基础研究与工业应用[J].洁净煤技术,2002,8(1):38–41.CHI Yong,YAN Jianhua,JIANG Xuguang,et al.Basic research and industry application of fluidized bed mixing combustion by using the slime and refuse mixture[J].Clean Coal Technology,2002,8(1):38–41.
[7]陈同,高良敏,苏桂荣.淮南潘集矿区底泥中重金属空间分布特征研究[J].绿色科技,2014(3):62–63.CHEN Tong,GAO Liangmin,SU Guirong.Huainan Panji mining area space distribution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment research[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2014(3):62–63.
[8]王丹,高良敏.淮南沉陷水区沉积物重金属污染评价的研究[J].绿色科技,2014(5):217–218.WANG Dan,GAO Liangmin.Huainan subsidence watershed sediment of heavy metal pollution evaluation study[J].Journal of Green Science and Technology,2014(5):217–218.
[9]黄海涛,梁延鹏,魏彩春,等.水体重金属污染现状及其治理技术[J].广西轻工业,2009(5):99–100.HUANG Haitao,LIANG Yanpeng,WEI Caichun,et al.Water heavy metal pollution present situation and technology[J].Guang Xi Journal of Light Industry,2009(5):99–100.
[10]MURAO S,DAISA E,SERA K,et al.PIXE measurement of human hairs from a small-scale mining site of the Philippines[J].Nuclear Instruments&Methods in Physics Research,2002,189(1/2/3/4):168–173.
[11]熊鸿斌,胡海文,王振祥,等.淮南煤矿区土壤重金属污染分布特征及污染溯源研究[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,38(5):686–693.XIONG Hongbin,HU Haiwen,WANG Zhenxiang,et al.Research on distribution characteristics and pollution source of heavy metal pollution in soil in Huainan coal mining area[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Natural Science),2015,38(5):686–693.
[12]范廷玉,王顺,张梅丽,等.淮南煤矿采空沉积区重金属生态危害研究[J].湖南城市学院学报(自然科学版),2015,24(3):93–95.FAN Tingyu,WANG Shun,ZHANG Meili,et al.Potential ecological risk of sediments in initial stage coal mining subsidence water area[J].Journal of Hunan City University(Natural Science),2015,24(3):93–95.
[13]童柳华,刘劲松.潘集矿区塌陷水域水质评价及其综合利用[J].中国环境监测,2009,25(4):76–80.TONG Liuhua,LIU Jingsong.Water quality evaluation of subsided water area and its comprehensive utilization in Panji mining area[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2009,25(4):76–80.
[14]肖青,闻建光,柳钦火,等.混合光谱分解模型提取水体叶绿素含量的研究[J].遥感学报,2006,10(4):559–567.XIAO Qing,WEN Jianguang,LIU Qinhuo,et al.Study on spectral unmxing model and it’s application in extracting chlorophyll concentration of water body[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2006,10(4):559–567.
[15]CHEN Tao,CHANG Qingrui,LIU Jing,et al.Identification of soil heavy metal sources and improvement in spatial mapping based on soil spectral information:A case study in northwest China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,565,155–164.
[16]唐军武,田国良,汪小勇,等.水体光谱测量与分析:水面以上测量法[J].遥感学报,2004,8(1):37–44.TANG Junwu,TIAN Guoliang,WANG Xiaoyong,et al.Above water spectral measurement and analysis:The surface measure-ment method[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,8(1):37–44.
[17]杨凤海,孙彦坤,于太义,等.近10年黑龙江省气温的时空变异分析[J].地球信息科学学报,2009,11(5):5585–5596.YANG Fenghai,SUN Yankun,YU Taiyi,et al.Spatial and temporal variation of temperature in heilongjiang province analysis in recent 10 years[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2009,11(5):5585–5596.
[18]李俊晓,李朝奎,殷智慧.基于Arc GIS的克里金插值方法及其应用[J].测绘通报,2013(9):87–90.LI Junxiao,LI Chaokui,YIN Zhihui.Arc GIS based Kriging interpolation method and its application[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2013(9):87–90.
[19]MCBRATNEY A B,ODEH I O A,BISHOP T F A,et al.An overview of pedometric techniques for use in soil survey[J].Geoderma,2000,97(3-4):293–327.
[20]YALCIN E.Cokriging and its effect on the estimation precision[J].Journal of the South African Institute of Mining&Metallurgy,2005,105,223–228.
[21]GOOVAERTS P.Ordinary cokriging revisited[J].Mathematical Geology,1998,30(1):21–42.
[22]CHEN T.Heavy metal sources identification and sampling uncertainty analysis in a field-scale vegetable soil of Hangzhou,China[J].Environ Pollut,2009,157,1003–1010.
[23]任晨曦,李玲,林洪孝,等.兴隆庄采煤塌陷蓄水区水环境现状分析与评价[J].水电能源科学,2012,30(10):16–19.REN Chenxi,LI Ling,LIN Hongxiao,et al.Current status analysis and evaluation of water environmentin of coal mining collapse water storage area in Xinglongzhuang[J].Water Resources and power,2012,30(10):16–19.
[24]谷得明.煤矸石堆存对地表与浅层地下水环境的影响研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2015:39–40.
[25]王晖,郝启勇,尹儿琴.煤矸石的淋溶、浸泡对水环境的污染研究——以兖济滕矿区塌陷区充填的煤矸石为例[J].中国煤田地质,2006,18(2):43–45.WANG Hui,HAO Qiyong,YIN Erqin.A Study on water pollution from eluvlation and immersing gangue[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,18(2):43–45.
[26]白玲玉,曾希柏,李莲芳,等.不同农业利用方式对土壤重金属累积的影响及原因分析[J].中国农业科学,2010,4(1):96–104.BAI Lingyu,ZENG Xibo,LI Lianfang,et al.Effects of land use on heavy metal accumulation in soils and source analysis[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,4(1):96–104.
[27]阿不都艾尼·阿不里,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,侯艳军,等.煤矸石堆场周围土壤重金属污染特征分析与评价[J].中国矿业,2015,24(12):60–65.ABDUGHENI Abliz,TASHPOLAT Tiyip,HOU Yanjun,et al.Analysis of pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of gangue piling site[J].China Mining Magazing,2015,24(12):60–65.
[28]樊霆,叶文玲,陈海燕,等.农田土壤重金属污染状况及修复技术研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(10):1727–1736.FAN Ting,YE Wenling,CHEN Haiyan,et al.Review on contamination and remediation technology of heavy metal in agricultural soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2013,22(10):1727–1736.
[29]贾亚琪,程志飞,刘品祯,等.煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属积累特征及生态风险评价[J].土壤通报,2016,47(2):474–479.JIA Yaqi,CHENG Zhifei,LIU Pinzhen,et al.Accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in agricultural soil around the mining area and ecological risk assessment[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2016,47(2):474–479.