GOCE卫星重力梯度校准与无阻尼控制效果分析
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摘要
GOCE卫星是首颗搭载高精度梯度仪,通过加速度计差分测量确定地球重力场的现代重力卫星。该卫星设计为无阻尼飞行状态(沿轨方向),加速度计并未安置在卫星质心,这些特点使得GOCE与标准的卫星跟踪卫星重力测量模式有着显著的区别。本文首先指出GOCE任务中普通模式加速度校准存在不严密性问题,并提出了分别校准6个加速度计,分离偏差参数的方案。利用GOCE任务期内的几何法精密轨道,采用动力法完成校准,并分析了无阻尼控制的效果,发现:(1)虽然GOCE所在轨道高度的中性大气密度较GRACE高两到三个量级,但GOCE卫星在沿轨方向的残余非保守力比GRACE卫星的对应分量小一个量级,充分显示了无阻尼控制系统的补偿效果;(2)通过精密轨道内插的轨道速度与动力法轨道速度的比较可以得出,卫星无阻尼控制系统对GOCE卫星速度的显著影响;(3)计算了GOCE卫星所受的非保守力。获得了GOCE任务期间的加速度计校准参数,并讨论了利用其辅助重力梯度仪数据预处理的可能方法。
GOCE is the first modern satellite,which carried a gravity gradiometer measuring the earth gravity filed with high accuracy by the differential measurements of the accelerometers.Its along track is in a drag-free status and the accelerometers are off-center mounted.These characteristics make GOCE a significant difference from the standard satellite-satellite tracking(SST)technique.In this paper,the problem of non-strictness in the common mode acceleration calibration of GOCE is pointed out first and,then the schemes to calibrate six accelerometers individually to separate the bias parameters are presented.The precise kinematic orbit of GOCE is used in the accelerometer calibration and drag-free control system evaluation by the dynamics method.Some fundamental results are achieved.Firstly,although the neutral atmosphere density at the altitude of GOCE orbit is higher than that of GRACE satellites with two to three orders of magnitude,the residual non-conservative force of the GOCE satellite along the track is one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding component of the GRACE satellites,which shows the compensation effect of the drag-free control system fully.Secondly,it can be concluded that the drag-free control system has a significant effect on the determination of GOCE's velocity by comparing the orbital velocity interpolated from the position and integrated with the orbit dynamics.Thirdly,the non-conservative force acting on GOCE satellite is analyzed and the accelerometer calibration parameters are estimated and evaluated.The possible developments on the preprocessing of the satellite gravity gradients with the accelerometer calibration results are also discussed in this paper.
GOCE is the first modern satellite,which carried a gravity gradiometer measuring the earth gravity filed with high accuracy by the differential measurements of the accelerometers.Its along track is in a drag-free status and the accelerometers are off-center mounted.These characteristics make GOCE a significant difference from the standard satellite-satellite tracking(SST)technique.In this paper,the problem of non-strictness in the common mode acceleration calibration of GOCE is pointed out first and,then the schemes to calibrate six accelerometers individually to separate the bias parameters are presented.The precise kinematic orbit of GOCE is used in the accelerometer calibration and drag-free control system evaluation by the dynamics method.Some fundamental results are achieved.Firstly,although the neutral atmosphere density at the altitude of GOCE orbit is higher than that of GRACE satellites with two to three orders of magnitude,the residual non-conservative force of the GOCE satellite along the track is one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding component of the GRACE satellites,which shows the compensation effect of the drag-free control system fully.Secondly,it can be concluded that the drag-free control system has a significant effect on the determination of GOCE's velocity by comparing the orbital velocity interpolated from the position and integrated with the orbit dynamics.Thirdly,the non-conservative force acting on GOCE satellite is analyzed and the accelerometer calibration parameters are estimated and evaluated.The possible developments on the preprocessing of the satellite gravity gradients with the accelerometer calibration results are also discussed in this paper.
引文
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[18]邹贤才,李建成.单加速度计模式下的GOCE卫星重力场建模方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(4):1260-1266.ZOU Xiancai,LI Jiancheng.Study on the Earth Gravity Modeling by GOCE in Individual Accelerometer Mode[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(4):1260-1266.
[19]徐新禹,赵永奇,魏辉,等.利用先验重力场模型对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测值进行校准分析[J].测绘学报,2015,44(11):1196-1201.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140414.XU Xinyu,ZHAO Yongqi,Wei Hui,et al.Calibration and Analysis of SGG Observations of GOCE Based on Prior Gravity Models[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(11):1196-1201.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140414.
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[22]PICONE J M,HEDIN A E,DROB D P,et al.NRLMSISE-00Empirical Model of the Atmosphere:Statistical Comparisons and Scientific Issues[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,2002,107(A12):SIA 15-1-SIA 15-16.
[23]WU SC,KRUIZINGA G,BERTIGER W.Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for GRACE Level-1B Data Processing[R].JPL D-27672,Version 1.0,California:JPL,2004.
[24]SNEEUW N,VAN GELDEREN M.The Polar Gap[M]∥SANSF,RUMMEL R.Geodetic Boundary Value Problems in View of the One Centimeter Geoid.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1997,65:559-568.
[25]VISSER P N A M.Exploring the Possibilities for StarTracker Assisted Calibration of the Six Individual GOCE Accelerometers[J].Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(10):591-600.
[26]VISSER P N A M.GOCE Gradiometer:Estimation of Biases and Scale Factors of All Six Individual Accelerometers by Precise Orbit Determination[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(1):69-85.
[27]邹贤才.加速度计偏置下的高低跟踪卫星重力测量模式[C]∥第一届中国大地测量和地球物理学学术大会论文集.北京:国际大地测量地球物理学联合会,2014:1-1.ZOU Xiancai.The SST-HL Satellite Gravimetry Measurement Mode with an Accelerometer Deviating from the Center[C]∥The first China Geodetic and Geophysical Academic Conference Proceedings.Beijing:CNC-IUGG,2014:1-1.
[2]DRINKWATER M,HAAGMANS R,MUZI D,et al.The GOCE Gravity Mission:ESA’s First Core Explorer[C]∥Proceedings of the 3rd International GOCE User Workshop.Frascati,Italy:International GOCE User Workshop,2007:1-8.
[3]SIEMES C.GOCE Gradiometer Calibration and Level 1b Data Processing[R].ESA Working Paper EWP-2384.Noordwijk,Netherlands:ESA,2012.
[4]REIGBER C,LHR H,SCHWINTZER P.CHAMP Mission Status[J].Advances in Space Research,2002,30(2):129-134.
[5]GSFC.GRACE:Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment[R].FS-2002-1-029-GSFC,2002.
[6]TAPLEY B D,BETTADPUR S,WATKINS M,et al.The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment:Mission Overview and Early Results[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31(9):L09607.
[7]CASE K,KRUIZINGA G,WU S.GRACE Level 1BData Product User Handbook[R].JPL D-22027,2010.
[8]REIGBER C.Gravity Field Recovery From Satellite Tracking Data[M]∥SANSF,RUMMEL R.Theory of Satellite Geodesy and Gravity Field Determination.Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,1989:197-234.
[9]XU G C.GPS Theory,Algorithms and Applications[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2003.
[10]MONTENBRUCK O,GILL E.Satellite Orbits-Models,Methods and Applications[M].Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,2000.
[11]KROES R.Precise Relative Positioning of Form ation Flying Spacecraft using GPS[D].Delft:TU Delft,2006.
[12]ESA.GOCE L1bProducts User Handbook[R].GOCEGSEG-EOPG-TN-06-137,2006.
[13]BETTADPUR S.UTCSR Level-2 Processing Standards Document for Level-2Products Release 0001[R].GRACE327-742(CSR-GR-03-03),2003.
[14]BETTADPUR S.Recommendation for a-Priori Bias and Scale Parameters for Level-1BACC Data[R].GRACE TN-02,2009.
[15]KLINGER B,MAYER-GRR T.The Role of Accelerometer Data Calibration within GRACE Gravity Field Recovery:Results from ITSG-Grace2016[J].Advances in Space Research,2016,58(9):1597-1609.
[16]邹贤才,李建成,罗佳,等.星载加速度计的动力法校准[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2007,32(12):1152-1155.ZOU Xiancai,LI Jiancheng,LUO Jia,et al.Calibration of Onboard Accelerometer by Dynamic Method[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2007,32(12):1152-1155.
[17]VISSER P N A M,VAN DEN IJSSEL J A A.Calibration and Validation of Individual GOCE Accelerometers by Precise Orbit Determination[J].Journal of Geodesy,2016,90(1):1-13.
[18]邹贤才,李建成.单加速度计模式下的GOCE卫星重力场建模方法研究[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(4):1260-1266.ZOU Xiancai,LI Jiancheng.Study on the Earth Gravity Modeling by GOCE in Individual Accelerometer Mode[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(4):1260-1266.
[19]徐新禹,赵永奇,魏辉,等.利用先验重力场模型对GOCE卫星重力梯度观测值进行校准分析[J].测绘学报,2015,44(11):1196-1201.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140414.XU Xinyu,ZHAO Yongqi,Wei Hui,et al.Calibration and Analysis of SGG Observations of GOCE Based on Prior Gravity Models[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,2015,44(11):1196-1201.DOI:10.11947/j.AGCS.2015.20140414.
[20]BOWMAN B R,TOBISKA W K,MARCOS F A,et al.The JB2006Empirical Thermospheric Density Model[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2008,70(5):774-793.
[21]BOWMAN B,TOBISKA W K,MARCOS F,et al.A New Empirical Thermospheric Density Model JB2008 Using New Solar and Geomagnetic Indices[C]∥AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit.Honolulu:AIAA,2008,37:367.
[22]PICONE J M,HEDIN A E,DROB D P,et al.NRLMSISE-00Empirical Model of the Atmosphere:Statistical Comparisons and Scientific Issues[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Space Physics,2002,107(A12):SIA 15-1-SIA 15-16.
[23]WU SC,KRUIZINGA G,BERTIGER W.Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for GRACE Level-1B Data Processing[R].JPL D-27672,Version 1.0,California:JPL,2004.
[24]SNEEUW N,VAN GELDEREN M.The Polar Gap[M]∥SANSF,RUMMEL R.Geodetic Boundary Value Problems in View of the One Centimeter Geoid.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,1997,65:559-568.
[25]VISSER P N A M.Exploring the Possibilities for StarTracker Assisted Calibration of the Six Individual GOCE Accelerometers[J].Journal of Geodesy,2008,82(10):591-600.
[26]VISSER P N A M.GOCE Gradiometer:Estimation of Biases and Scale Factors of All Six Individual Accelerometers by Precise Orbit Determination[J].Journal of Geodesy,2009,83(1):69-85.
[27]邹贤才.加速度计偏置下的高低跟踪卫星重力测量模式[C]∥第一届中国大地测量和地球物理学学术大会论文集.北京:国际大地测量地球物理学联合会,2014:1-1.ZOU Xiancai.The SST-HL Satellite Gravimetry Measurement Mode with an Accelerometer Deviating from the Center[C]∥The first China Geodetic and Geophysical Academic Conference Proceedings.Beijing:CNC-IUGG,2014:1-1.